3,055 research outputs found
Trust and Tax Morale
No full textThis empirical chapter examines the relation between trust and tax morale at both country and individual levels using a combined World Values Survey and European Values Study dataset covering 400,000 observations across 108 countries. The results overall indicate that although vertical trust matters, horizontal trust in the form of generalized trust is not linked to tax morale. We do, however, identify intercountry differences that warrant further exploration. We also demonstrate that generalized trust uncertainty, in contrast to vertical trust uncertainty, is negatively correlated with tax morale. Lastly, we provide some evidence that generalized trust varies under different vertical and governance conditions, but we are unable to identify any indirect path from generalized trust to tax morale using governance quality as a mediator
Measuring trust
No full textOnline Publication Date: Jan 2017This article focuses on the measurement of trust. First, we start with a brief conceptualization of trust, contrasting it with the concept of generalized trust. Second, we survey developments in trust measurement since the 1960s. Third, we summarize and try to systematize a number of measurement debates that have taken place. Fourth, we outline how trust measurement may develop in the future, discuss how differently formulated survey questions may abate some of the debates within the field, and present empirical data that follow some of these directions. Essentially we argue that trust—as opposed to generalized trust—should be measured through reliance on a set of more specific questions that measure expectations across a series of different situations
Welfare State Consequences for Trust: More Political than Social?
No full textThis chapter considers if and how social and political trust are affected by policy outputs and outcomes related to the welfare state. We survey how (dis)similar explanatory variables, causal mechanisms, and methodology are across four accumulations of studies. Specifically, we discuss contextual factors in “normal times” as well as effects of economic crises. We also assess individual-level factors focusing on “performance evaluations” and “personal experiences” of welfare state aspects and institutions. Overall, we find evidence for relationships between welfare state related variables and both types of trust. However, the evidence currently seems somewhat stronger and broader for political trust, suggesting that welfare state consequences for trust may well be “more political than social.
<i>Corruption, Inequality, and the Rule of Law: The Bulging Pocket Makes the Easy Life</i>. By Eric M Uslaner
No full textEric Uslaner's ambitious book argues that—across a wide range of countries and contexts—the fundamental underlying engine and explanation for corruption is inequality. Mustering an array of sources, including survey data, comparative literatures, and personal anecdotes, Uslaner makes a compelling case that the faith often placed in relatively simplistic institutional changes as a means for combating corruption is misguided. Such approaches ignore the deeply embedded economic and social underpinnings of corruption, which, he argues, are tied less to political institutions (narrowly conceived) and more to systematic inequality and the economic and cultural processes that support it.</jats:p
Astroturfing
No full textM.F.A."This thesis represents the first third of a fictional novel entitled Astroturfing"--p. iiby Eric M. Zrinsk
Modern models and old policy : an application of the Spanier-Uslaner foreign policy decision-making models to American Policy toward France, 1793-1800
No full textThis thesis has applied three modern American foreign policy decision-making models---borrowed from John Spanier and Eric M. Uslaner, How American Foreien Policy Is Made---to the foreign policy of the United States toward France in the period 1793-1800.The intent of the study was to determine the validity of the models, to offer explanations for any contradictions between the models and the test case, and to provide some insights into early American foreign policy decision-making.Thesis (M.A.
Belonging and exclusion. Politics of belonging and anti-immigrant attitudes in Germany
No full textPreuß M, Hövermann A, Weyhofen M. Belonging and exclusion. Politics of belonging and anti-immigrant attitudes in Germany. In: Uslaner EM, Holtug N, eds. National values and social cohesion. ECPR Press; 2021: 113-130
Alla för alla. Jämlikhet, korruption och socialt förtroende
Get PDF[All for all. Equality, corruption, and social trust]The importance of social trust has become widely accepted in the social sciences. In this article, Bo Rothstein and Eric M. Uslaner examine an overlooked key factor in shaping generalized trust, namely, equality. The omission of equality in the social capital literature is peculiar since the countries that score highest on social trust also rank highest on economic equality: the Nordic countries, the Netherlands, and Canada. The same countries have put a lot of effort in creating equality of opportunity, not least in regard to their policies for public education, labour market opportunities, and (more recently) gender equality. The policy implications that follow from the authors’ research are that the low levels of trust and social capital that plague many countries are caused by too little government action to reduce inequality. However, many countries with low levels of social trust may be stuck in what is known as a social trap with trust levels too low to sustain the universal policies that would reduce inequality.Publication history: A translation of a, by the authors, revised version of the article "All for All. Equality, Corruption, and Social Trust", originally published in World Politics, volume 58, number 1 2005 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wp.2006.0022).(Published 2 December 2015)Citation: Rothstein, Bo & Eric M. Uslaner (2015) "Alla för alla. Jämlikhet, korruption och socialt förtroende", in Arkiv. Tidskrift för samhällsanalys, issue 4, pp. 151–185. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13068/2000-6217.4.5Att socialt förtroende spelar en viktig roll har kommit att bli allmänt accepterat inom samhällsvetenskapen. I denna inflytelserika artikel undersöker Bo Rothstein och Eric M. Uslaner en förbisedd nyckelfaktor när det gäller att skapa generaliserat förtroende, nämligen jämlikhet. Att jämlikhet ignoreras i litteraturen om socialt kapital är egendomligt eftersom de länder som ligger bäst till när det gäller socialt förtroende också ligger bäst till när det gäller ekonomisk jämlikhet: de nordiska länderna, Nederländerna och Kanada. Samma länder har även ansträngt sig för att skapa jämlikhet i möjligheter, inte minst på områden som utbildning, arbetsmarknad och (på senare år) förhållandet mellan könen. De politiska konsekvenserna av författarnas forskning är att de låga nivåer av förtroende och socialt kapital som plågar många länder beror på att staten inte gör tillräckligt för att minska ojämlikheten. Samtidigt kan samhällen med lågt förtroende vara fångade i en så kallad social fälla där förtroendenivån är för låg för att kunna ligga till grund för den generella välfärdspolitik som skulle minska ojämlikheten.Publiceringshistorik: Översättning av en av författarna bearbetad och reviderad version av artikeln "All for All. Equality, Corruption, and Social Trust", som ursprungligen publicerades i World Politics, volym 58, nr 1 2005 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wp.2006.0022).(Publicerad 2 december 2015)Förslag på källangivelse: Rothstein, Bo & Eric M. Uslaner (2015) "Alla för alla. Jämlikhet, korruption och socialt förtroende", i Arkiv. Tidskrift för samhällsanalys, nr 4, s. 151–185. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13068/2000-6217.4.
Does Diversity Drive Down Trust?
Get PDFSome researchers claim that diverse populations lead to less trust. Generalized trust is a core value that leads to positive outcomes in societies--from greater tolerance of minority groups and immigrants and willingness to do good deeds, to less corruption, more social welfare and education spending, more open markets, and better functioning government. Generalized trust fundamentally rests upon a foundation of respect for diversity, but at the same time arguing that societies have a common culture. It is the idea that people have a shared fate. Generalized trust rests upon a foundation of economic equality. Yet some claim that diversity leads to less trust rather than more trust. Trusting people who are different from yourself is atypical of most people, they claim. I dispute this--arguing that generalized trust is largely unrelated to population diversity. It is not diversity that matters--it is how populations are distributed. I show that trust is lower not in diverse societies, but rather in societies with large minority groups that are segregated from the majority groups. Minority residential segregation leads to less trust because it leads to less interaction across different groups in society--and leads minorities to associate only with each other, to form their own political organizations, and to see their fate as less dependent upon majority groups. I then discuss how economic inequality and the rule of law shape the relationship between trust and minority residential segregation.Trust, Diversity, Corruption
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