27 research outputs found
Microwave medical imaging: potentialities and limitations of a stochastic optimization technique
No full textMicrowave medical imaging: Potentialities and limitations of a stochastic optimization technique
Author(s): Caorsi, S (Caorsi, S); Massa, A (Massa, A); Pastorino, M (Pastorino, M); Rosani, A (Rosani, A)
Source: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES Volume: 52 Issue: 8 Pages: 1909-1916 DOI: 10.1109/tmtt.2004.832016 Part: Part 2 Published: AUG 2004
Times Cited: 14 (from Web of Science)
Cited References: 29 [ view related records ] Citation Map
Abstract: An approach based on a stochastic optimization technique is proposed for medical microwave imaging. The approach is based on the integral equations of the electromagnetic inverse scattering. After discretization of the continuous model, the problem solution is recast as a global optimization problem. A functional is constructed on the basis of a Markov random field model and minimized by a genetic algorithm. In order to reduce the computational load, a model of the cross section of the biological body is considered. In this way, the investigation area is limited by separating the scattering contribution of a fixed region under test from those of other parts of the model. Some preliminary results concerning a two-dimensional model of a human thorax are reported. Such a biological structure is inspected by the proposed tomographic approach in order to detect and localize the presence of an "object" modeling a tumor.
Accession Number: WOS:000223051400007
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Author Keywords: genetic algorithms (GAs); inverse scattering; medical imaging; microwave imaging; optimization problems
KeyWords Plus: BREAST-CANCER DETECTION; GENETIC ALGORITHMS; ELECTROMAGNETICS; TISSUES; MODEL
Reprint Address: Rosani, A (reprint author), Univ Pavia, Dept Elect, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
Addresses:
1. Univ Pavia, Dept Elect, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
2. Univ Trent, Dept Informat & Commun Technol, I-38050 Trent, Italy
3. Univ Genoa, Dept Biophys & Elect Engn, I-16145 Genoa, Italy
E-mail Address: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Publisher: IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC, 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
Web of Science Category: Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Subject Category: Engineering
IDS Number: 843BW
ISSN: 0018-948
IMBANGAN RUMPUT GAJAH DAN KONSENTRAT MENGANDUNG RUMPUT LAUT TERHADAP pH, KONSENTRASI NH3 DAN VFA TOTAL SECARA IN VITRO
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh imbangan rumput gajah dan konsentrat mengandung rumput laut Gracilaria sp dengan level yang berbeda terhadap pH, konsentrasi NH3 dan VFA total menggunakan metode in vitro. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan, dengan perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah RG1= 80% rumput gajah + 20% konsentrat, RG2= 60% rumput gajah + 40% konsentrat, RG3= 40% rumput gajah + 60% konsentrat, RG4= 20% rumput gajah + 80% konsentrat. Variabel yang diamati yaitu pH, konsentrasi NH3, dan VFA total. Analisis data menggunakan ANOVA dengan bantuan aplikasi SPSS, dilanjutkan uji Duncan untuk melihat perbedaan pengaruh antar perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rataan pH berada pada kisaran RG1= 7,02; RG2= 6,9; RG3= 6,89; RG4= 6,82. Rataan konsentrasi NH3 berada pada kisaran RG1= 5,67; RG2= 5,86; RG3= 5,19; RG4= 3,99 mM. Rataan konsentrasi VFA total berada pada kisaran RG1= 90,4; RG2= 122,61; RG3= 144,69; RG4= 137,04 mM. Analisis ragam menunjukkan imbangan rumput gajah dan konsentrat mengandung rumput laut Gracilaria sp berpengaruh nyata terhadap VFA total, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pH dan Konsentrasi NH3. Imbangan terbaik pada penelitian ini yaitu pada perlakuan RG3 dengan imbangan rumput gajah dan konsentrat sebesar (40%:60%).
ABSTRACT
This study aims to determine the effect of elephant grass and concentrate containing Gracilaria sp seaweed with different levels on pH, NH3 concentration, and total VFA using in vitro methods. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications, with the treatments tested being RG1 = 80% elephant grass + 20% concentrate, RG2 = 60% elephant grass + 40% concentrate, RG3 = 40% elephant grass + 60% concentrate, and RG4 = 20% elephant grass + 80% concentrate. The observed variables were pH, NH3 concentration, and total VFA. Data analysis used ANOVA with the help of the SPSS application, followed by the Duncan test to see the difference in effect between treatments. The results showed that the average pH was in the range of RG1 = 7.02, RG2 = 6.9, RG3 = 6.89, and RG4 = 6.82. The average NH3 concentration was in the range of RG1= 5.67; RG2= 5.86; RG3= 5.19; RG4= 3.99 mM. The average total VFA concentration was in the range of RG1= 90.4, RG2= 122.61, RG3= 144.69, and RG4= 137.04 mM. Analysis of variance showed that the balance of elephant grass and concentrate containing Gracilaria sp seaweed had a significant effect on total VFA, but had no significant effect on pH and NH3 concentration. The best balance in this study was in the RG3 treatment with a balance of elephant grass and concentrate of (40%:60%)
Anaerobic Fermentation of Rice Bran with Starter Liquid Organic Supplement (LOS) from Sheep Manure
No full textFermented bran is an additive product which is an inoculum of lactic acid bacteria, which has been mixed with other ingredients and has gone through a fermentation process. This research aims to determine the effect of using sheep feces Liquid Organic Supplement (LOS) on fermented rice bran on lactic acid content, pH, dry matter loss, and Fleigh value (NF). The research was carried out on January 24 – February 14 at the Ruminant Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University in Jatinangor Sumedang. The research used experimental methods with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 6 replications. Treatment consisted of P0 (1 kg bran: 300 g molasses), P1 (1 kg bran: 200 g molasses: 100 mL SOC) and P2 (1 kg bran: 100 g molasses: 200 mL SOC). The research data was processed using Variety Print Analysis and Duncan's Advanced Test. The results showed a significant effect (P<0.05) on lactic acid content, pH, dry matter loss, and Fleigh value. The conclusion of this research shows that the use of P2 treatment (1 kg bran: 100 g molasses: 200 mL LOS) can produce the best fermented bran.
The Effect of Addition Liquid Organic Supplement from Rabbit Feces on the Chemical Properties and Fleigh Value of Fermented Rice Bran
No full textFermentation of rice bran is a way to increase the nutrient content and palatability of livestock when consuming it. The study was conducted at the Ruminant Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University in Jatinangor, Sumedang. This study aims to determine the effect of using Liquid Organic Supplement (LOS) of rabbit feces in making fermented rice bran on pH, dry matter loss, lactic acid content, and Fleigh value (NF). The study was conducted experimentally using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). There were three treatments, namely P0 (1 kg of rice bran: 300 g molasses), P1 (1 kg of rice bran: 200 g molasses: 100 g SOC of rabbit feces), and P2 (1 kg of rice bran: 100 g molasses: 200 g SOC of rabbit feces). The research data were processed using analysis of variance and Duncan's distance test. The results showed that the treatment increased the lactic acid content, but decreased the pH, dry matter loss, and Fleigh value. Treatment P2 produced fermented rice bran with the highest lactic acid content (45,8%), the lowest pH (3,99), dry matter loss (1,31%), and the highest Fleigh value (199). The conclusion of this study is that the ratio of rice bran, molasses, and SOC of 10:1:2 can produce the best fermented rice bran
Karakterisasi Dedak Padi dan Campuran Sekam Padi berdasarkan Sifat Fisik dan Kimia
No full textABSTRACT. Mengetahui karakteristik bahan berdasarkan sifat fisik dan kimia adalah sangat penting, agar dalam perancangan dan penarikan kesimpulan penelitian lebih akurat. Terutama penelitian dedak padi yang mempunyai kualitas yang beragam karena sangat ditentukan oleh metode dan mesin pada proses penggilingan gabah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik dedak padi berdasarkan fraksi dan campurannya dengan sekam padi dengan berbagai metode evaluasi. Penelitian menggunakan dedak padi galur lokal unggul Banowati dari Desa Sindangsari, Sumedang. Penelitian tahap pertama untuk mengetahui karakteristik dedak padi berdasarkan fraksi ukuran partikel menggunakan saringan dengan mesh 10, 20, 30, 40 dan 50. Tahap kedua untuk mengetahui karakteristik campuran dedak padi dan sekam dengan proporsi 100, 75, 50, 25 dan 0 % dengan ukuran lolos mesh 30. Parameter yang diukur adalah Persentase ukuran partikel, gambaran visual, densitas, porositas, kandungan nutrien dan kandungan lignin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi dedak padi berdasarkan ukuran partikel/mesh mempunyai karakteristik yang berbeda, perbedaan tersebut pada komposisi, kandungan nutrien, lignin, densitas dan porositas. Protein kasar mesh 30 sebesar 13,41%, mesh 40 sebesar 13,08%, dan mesh 50 sebesar 13,60. Uji lignin mesh 30, 40, dan 50 menunjukkan warna coklat terang. Berdasarkan sifat fisik dan kimia dedak padi lolos mesh 30, 40 dan 50 yang terbaik. Dedak padi yang dicampur dengan sekam padi yang semakin tinggi, maka semakin rendah nilai nutrien, kandungan lignin semakin tinggi, densitas dan porositas nya semakin tinggi.
(Characterization of rice bran and rice husk mixture based on physical and chemical properties)
ABSTRAK. Knowing the characteristics of materials based on their physical and chemical properties is very important for designing and drawing research conclusions more accurately. Especially rice bran research, which has a variety of quality because it is determined by the method and machine in the grain milling process. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of rice bran based on its fraction and mixture with rice husks using various evaluation methods. The study used Banowati superior local strain rice bran from Sindangsari, Sumedang Village. The first stage of research was to determine the characteristics of rice bran based on particle size fractions using sieves with meshes of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50. The second stage is to determine the characteristics of a mixture of rice bran and husk with proportions of 100, 75, 50, 25, and 0% with a mesh pass size of 30. The parameters measured are particle size percentage, visual image, density, porosity, nutrient content, and lignin content. The results showed that rice bran factions based on particle or mesh size have different characteristics, including differences in composition, nutrient content, lignin, density, and porosity. Crude protein mesh 30 is 13.41%, mesh 40 is 13.08%, and mesh 50 is 13.60. Lignin mesh assays 30, 40, and 50 show a light brown color. Based on the physical and chemical properties of rice bran, meshes 30, 40, and 50 are the best. The higher the rice bran mixed with rice husks, the lower the nutrient value, and the higher the lignin content, the higher the density and porosity
PENGGUNAAN SUPLEMEN ORGANIK CAIR TAUCO TERHADAP ASAM LAKTAT, pH, SUSUT BAHAN KERING DAN NILAI FLEIGH DEDAK PADI FERMENTASI
No full textTujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis penggunaan suplemen organik cair (SOC) tauco terhadap kualitas dedak padi fermentasi yang diukur berdasarkan kadar asam laktat, pH, susut bahan kering, dan nilai Fleigh. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Nutrisi Ternak Ruminansia dan Kimia Makanan Ternak Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Padjadjaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas tiga perlakuan dan enam ulangan dimana P0 (1000 gram dedak padi : 300 gram molasses), P1 (1000 gram dedak padi : 200 gram molasses : 100 gram SOC) dan P2 (1000 gram dedak padi : 100 gram molasses : 200 gram SOC). Data yang diperoleh diolah dan dianalisis ragam dan uji lanjut jarak berganda Duncan menggunakan software SPSS versi 27. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan suplemen organik cair (SOC) tauco memberikan pengaruh yang sangat signifikan (p<0,01) terhadap asam laktat, pH, susut bahan kering dan nilai Fleigh. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan suplemen organik cair (SOC) tauco pada perlakuan P2 menghasilkan produk dedak padi fermentasi terbaik berdasarkan pH (4,75), asam laktat (25,17%), susut bahan kering (2,80%) dan nilai Fleigh (168,72).
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect and dosage of the use of liquid organic supplement (LOS) tauco on the quality of fermented rice bran. The quality of fermented rice bran was measured based on lactic acid content, pH, dry matter loss, and Fleigh value. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Ruminant Animal Nutrition and Animal Food Chemistry, Faculty of Animal Science, Padjadjaran University. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of three treatments and six replications where P0 (1000 grams of rice bran: 300 grams of molasses), P1 (1000 grams of rice bran: 200 grams of molasses: 100 grams of LOS) and P2 (1000 grams of rice bran: 100 grams of molasses: 200 grams of LOS). The data obtained were processed and analyzed for variance and Duncan's multiple range further test using SPSS software version 27. The results showed that the use of liquid organic supplements (LOS) tauco gave a very significant effect (p<0.01) on lactic acid, pH, dry matter loss and Fleigh value. It can be concluded that the use of liquid organic supplement (LOS) tauco in treatment P2 produces the best fermented rice bran product based on pH (4.75), lactic acid (25.17%), dry matter loss (2.80%) and Fleigh value (168.72)
Ratio of Elephant Grass and Concentrate Containing Seaweed on Dry Matter, Organic Matter, and Crude Protein Digestibility (In Vitro)
No full textThe limited availability of conventional feed has encouraged the development of alternative feed sources, such as the use of seaweed in rations. This study aimed to determine the effect of forage-to-concentrate ratios containing seaweed on in vitro digestibility. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used with four treatments and five replications. The treatment rations consisted of RG1 = 80% Elephant Grass + 20% Concentrate, RG2 = 60% Elephant Grass + 40% Concentrate, RG3 = 40% Elephant Grass + 60% Concentrate, and RG4 = 20% Elephant Grass + 80% Concentrate. The observed parameters included dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, and crude protein digestibility. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with SPSS software, followed by Duncan’s test to determine differences between treatments. The results showed that the treatments had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on dry matter and organic matter digestibility, and a significant effect (P<0.05) on crude protein digestibility. The dry matter digestibility values were RG1 (46.63%), RG2 (49.81%), RG3 (52.58%), and RG4 (56.60%). The organic matter digestibility values were RG1 (52.90%), RG2 (55.88%), RG3 (57.81%), and RG4 (60.94%). The crude protein digestibility values were RG1 (66.26%), RG2 (70.96%), RG3 (70.20%), and RG4 (70.25%). The best forage-to-concentrate ratio containing seaweed based on digestibility values was RG4 (20:80%)
“The Best Interests of the Parents”. La maternità surrogata in Europa tra Interessi del bambino, Corti supreme e silenzio dei legislatori
No full textThis paper analyses the relevant case-law of the Supreme and Constitutional Courts of Germany, Austria and Italy with regard to surrogate motherhood and the protection of the child’s rights. After a brief overview of the legal regimes in the three countries which ban this practice without providing a regulation of the consequences of illegal surrogacies, the author moves on to inquiring how the Courts are adopting the principles stated by the ECtHR. The child’s rights and best interests are essential for the recognition of parenthood for the intended parents and the continuation of the common life with them. The German Federal Court of Justice, as well as the Austrian Constitutional Court, has already accepted to give to the position of the involved child the priority. Italy, on the contrary, is showing more resistance, although a recent judgment of the Court of Cassation – taking account of the German case-law – acquitted the intended parents. The mere recognition of the parent relationship and granting of the possibility for them to live together with the child could however encourage parents to go abroad in order to make use of surrogacy. In the author’s view, this should be prevented providing sanctions for the intended parents, without using the involved child as a means to an end.This paper analyses the relevant case-law of the Supreme and Constitutional Courts of Germany, Austria and Italy with regard to surrogate motherhood and the protection of the child’s rights. After a brief overview of the legal regimes in the three countries which ban this practice without providing a regulation of the consequences of illegal surrogacies, the author moves on to inquiring how the Courts are adopting the principles stated by the ECtHR. The child’s rights and best interests are essential for the recognition of parenthood for the intended parents and the continuation of the common life with them. The German Federal Court of Justice, as well as the Austrian Constitutional Court, has already accepted to give to the position of the involved child the priority. Italy, on the contrary, is showing more resistance, although a recent judgment of the Court of Cassation – taking account of the German case-law – acquitted the intended parents. The mere recognition of the parent relationship and granting of the possibility for them to live together with the child could however encourage parents to go abroad in order to make use of surrogacy. In the author’s view, this should be prevented providing sanctions for the intended parents, without using the involved child as a means to an end
O corpo em análise
No full textIn what way is psychotherapeutic listening, when the focus of analysis is the body? This is one of the questions that is present in the daily life of psychotherapists, when psychotherapy is performed through the analysis of the body, and with it, its unconscious and / or unconscious meanings. Each client uses the body as a particular form of expression, and because of the need for a more detailed interpretation, psychoanalysis is often the instrument to aid in the analytical process. Themes involving the body are present in the most diverse conversations of the day to day, becoming an everyday and popular subject. This body has been gaining more and more space, especially in the media, which considers physical beauty as synonymous with health, and it is this body, or this popular notion of body, that reaches the psychotherapeutic clinics and clinics. This body that is invested with pleasures and joys, pains and anguishes, that can cause frustrations when the desired and / or idealized beauty standards are not reached. It is with this vision of the body and more specifically with the intention of rethinking the psychoanalytical analysis carried out in settings, which Maria Helena Fernandes, in her book "Corpo", reproduces in full her postdoctoral work, carried out by UNIFESP (Department of Psychiatry of the Escola Paulista de Medicina). The author questions the analytical process carried out in most psychotherapeutic offices, confronting the most varied bodies: the biological, philosophical, historical, aesthetic, religious, social, anthropological and psychoanalytic bodies. The book, therefore, deals with a phenomenon difficult to reduce to a single determinant, and understanding about the psychoanalytic body requires a review of society's expectations about beauty and health, as well as the questioning of psychologists about their actions and practices. The writing of the book is thus shaped by the intersection between history, culture, society, body, ideals of beauty, psychoanalysis and clinical, becoming of real or imaginary importance to psychotherapists who care about their clinical activity, in order to offer your client a differentiated listening. According to the author, it can be seen that in the everyday use of the term body, it is studied and treated in the context of somatic sickness of the diseased body. Fernandes emphasizes to the reader about the psychopathology of the body in daily life and considers that the body is a depository of internal conflicts. The author uses the psychoanalytic axis of Freud as a reference, and argues that according to this theory, the body is not confused with the biological organism, object of study and medical interventions, but is the place in which the complex game of relations between the psychic and the somatic, such a conception of the body, allows to bring into focus the somatic, as also, a place of realization of unconscious desires. The author starts from the hypothesis that the Freudian discourse develops from hysteria and dream, which is thus the driving axis of exploration of the approach of the body. Freudian innovation was precisely to enable us to understand how this body, which at the same time identifies us, is also being constructed with and from contact with the other. In the book are highlighted the theoretical advances, especially after 1920, that will progressively expand the possibilities of understanding the body beyond the logic of representation, and thus, mainly, clinical implications, starting to produce a knowledge from the metapsychological point of view, putting in evidence of the efficacy of analytical listening on the body's record. Fernandes emphasizes that in Freud's theory the body has two meanings: the real body, a material and visible object, occupying a space and can be designated by a certain anatomical cohesion, and another body, the principle of life and individualization, with peculiar meanings. He still reports the importance of the drive when it comes to the body, and the body is inhabited by the drives, and in this way, the body is impulsional, autoerógena and narcísico, concepts of this, of relevance to the question of the body in psychoanalysis. After the theoretical construction of the psychoanalytic body, Fernandes emphasizes analytical developments in the course of the therapeutic process, focusing the body on its complex concept, thus involving possible unconscious frames. The author reports on the importance of psychoanalytic listening, differentiating it from medical listening, and the function of the psychotherapist is much more than listening to interpret what is being said by the client. Of particular note is the number of clients who are referred to the psychoanalytical office by physicians, patients who, for the most part, have psychosomatic diseases, which, for the author, is a necessity for the patient.Thus, the disease or organ attained, are places of deposits, be it of anguish, fear, insecurity, rancor or unconscious desires, and what matters to the individual is to maintain a certain amount of suffering. Thus, the book of Maria Helena Fernandes, consists of the result of a work of experience not only teaching but, and mainly, clinical. This is an engaging reading, which at the very least raises questions about practice in a psychoanalytic practice. To the reader, it makes possible the perception that the body, besides being a means of expression, be it gestures, movements or looks, is the invested element of several desires, conscious or unconscious, permeating the sensations. Thus, it is up to the analyst to invest in the client's body, welcoming it and transforming it into a "spoken body", open to the psychoanalytic approach. Reading this book becomes essential for psychoanalytic students, psychologists, and practitioners who, in order to perform a psychoanalytic review of the body, seek and value professional enhancement.De que maneira é a escuta psicoterapêutica, quando o foco de análise é o corpo? Essa é uma das questões, que está presente no cotidiano de psicoterapeutas, quando a psicoterapia é realizada por intermédio de análise do corpo, e com ela, seus significados inconscientes e/ou não. Cada cliente utiliza o corpo, como forma de expressão particular, e devido à necessidade de uma interpretação mais detalhada, a psicanálise, muitas vezes, é o instrumento para auxiliar no processo analítico. Temas envolvendo o corpo estão presentes nas mais diversas conversas do dia-a-dia, tornando-se um assunto cotidiano e popular. Esse corpo vem ganhando cada vez mais espaço, principalmente na mídia, que considera a beleza física como sinônima de saúde, e, é esse corpo, ou essa noção popular de corpo, que chega às clínicas e consultórios psicoterapêuticos. Esse corpo que é investido de prazeres e alegrias, dores e angústias, que podem ocasionar frustrações quando não são atingidos os padrões de beleza desejados e/ou idealizados. É com essa visão de corpo e mais especificamente com a intenção de repensar a análise psicanalítica realizada nos settings, que Maria Helena Fernandes, em seu livro “Corpo”, reproduz na íntegra seu trabalho de pós-doutorado, realizado pela UNIFESP (Departamento de Psiquiatria da Escola Paulista de Medicina). A autora questiona o processo analítico realizado na maioria dos consultórios psicoterapêuticos, defrontando-se com os mais variados corpos: o corpo biológico, filosófico, histórico, estético, religioso, social, antropológico e o psicanalítico. O livro trata, portanto, de um fenômeno difícil de ser reduzido a um único determinante, sendo que, a compreensão sobre o corpo psicanalítico requer a revisão de expectativas da sociedade sobre beleza e saúde, bem como, o questionamento de psicólogos sobre suas atuações e práticas profissionais. A escrita do livro, assim, é moldada pela intersecção entre história, cultura, sociedade, corpo, ideais de beleza, psicanálise e clínica, tornando-se de real ou imaginária importância a psicoterapeutas que se preocupam com a sua atividade clínica, a fim de oferecer ao seu cliente uma escuta diferenciada. De acordo com a autora, percebe-se que no emprego cotidiano do termo corpo, o mesmo é estudado e tratado no âmbito do adoecimento somático do corpo doente. Fernandes enfatiza ao leitor sobre a psicopatologia do corpo na vida cotidiana e, considera que o corpo é depositório de conflitos internos. A autora utiliza como referência o eixo psicanalítico de Freud, e argumenta que, segundo essa teoria, o corpo não se confunde com o organismo biológico, objeto de estudo e intervenções médicas, mas sim, é o lugar no qual se desenrola o complexo jogo das relações entre o psíquico e o somático, tal concepção do corpo, permite colocar em evidência o somático, como sendo também, um lugar de realização de desejos inconscientes. A autora parte da hipótese de que, o discurso freudiano se desenvolve a partir da histeria e do sonho, que constitui assim, o eixo condutor de exploração da abordagem do corpo. A inovação freudiana foi precisamente a de possibilitar a compreensão de como esse corpo que, ao mesmo tempo nos identifica, também vai sendo construído com e a partir do contato com o outro. No livro são destacados os avanços teóricos, especialmente após 1920, que vão progressivamente ampliar as possibilidades de compreensão do corpo para além da lógica da representação, havendo assim, principalmente, implicações clínicas, passando a produzir um conhecimento do ponto de vista metapsicológico, colocando em evidência a eficácia da escuta analítica sobre o registro do corpo. Fernandes enfatiza que na teoria freudiana o corpo possui dois significados: o corpo real, objeto material e visível, que ocupa um espaço e pode ser designado por uma certa coesão anatômica, e outro corpo, princípio de vida e individualização, com significados peculiares. Ainda relata a importância da pulsão quando se trata do corpo, sendo que o corpo é habitado pelas pulsões, e dessa maneira, o corpo é pulsional, autoerôgeno e narcísico, conceitos esses, de relevância à questão do corpo em psicanálise. Após a construção teórica do corpo psicanalítico, Fernandes enfatiza os desdobramentos analíticos no transcorrer do processo terapêutico, focalizando o corpo em seu conceito complexo, envolvendo assim, as possíveis tramas inconscientes. A autora relata da importância da escuta psicanalítica, diferenciando-a da escuta médica, sendo que, a função do psicoterapeuta muito mais do que escutar é interpretar o que está sendo dito pelo cliente. Destaca, especialmente, os clientes que vêm encaminhados ao consultório psicanalítico por médicos, pacientes que, em sua maioria, possuem doenças psicossomáticas, o que, para a autora é uma necessidade para o paciente. Assim, a doença ou o órgão atingido, são lugares de depósitos, seja de angústia, medo, insegurança, rancor ou desejos inconscientes, sendo que, o que importa ao indivíduo é manter certa dose de sofrimento. Desse modo, o livro de Maria Helena Fernandes, consiste no resultado de um trabalho de experiência não só de docência mas, e principalmente, de clínica. Trata-se de uma leitura envolvente, a qual no mínimo desperta questionamentos em relação à prática em consultório psicanalítico. Ao leitor, possibilita a percepção de que o corpo, além de ser um meio de expressão, seja de gestos, movimentos ou olhares, é o elemento investido de vários desejos, conscientes ou inconscientes, perpassando as sensações. Assim, cabe ao analista investir no corpo do cliente, acolhendo-o e transformando-o assim, em um “corpo falado”, aberto à abordagem psicanalítica. A leitura desse livro torna-se essencial a estudantes, psicólogos e profissionais psicanalíticos que, a fim de realizar uma revisão psicanalítica em relação ao corpo, buscam e valorizam o aprimoramento profissional
Da perseguição nazista ao exílio brasileiro: o ideal humanista de Stefan Zweig
No full textThe persecution imposed on him by the Nazi dictatorship led Stefan Zweig into exile, initially in other countries, then in Brazil. With his eyes focused on events in Europe, the author publishes Brasilien – Ein Land der Zukunft, in which he points to Brazil as a model opposed to the national-socialist ideology existing in Germany, which led to self-destruction.A perseguição que lhe foi imposta pela ditadura nazista levou Stefan Zweig ao exílio, inicialmente em outros países, depois no Brasil. Com os olhos voltados aos acontecimentos na Europa, o autor publica Brasilien – Ein Land der Zukunft em que aponta o Brasil como um modelo oposto à ideologia nacional-socialista existente na Alemanha, que a levava à autodestruição
