122,614 research outputs found
On the cellular mechanisms underlying working memory capacity in humans
No full textThe cellular processes underlying individual differences in the Working Memory Capacity (WMC) of humans are essentially unknown. Psychological experiments suggest that subjects with lower working memory capacity (LWMC), with respect to subjects with higher capacity (HWMC), take more time to recall items from a list because they search through a larger set of items and are much more susceptible to interference during retrieval. However, a more precise link between psychological experiments and cellular properties is lacking and very difficult to investigate experimentally. In this paper, we investigate the possible underlying mechanisms at the single neuron level by using a computational model of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, which have been suggested to be deeply involved in the recognition of specific items. The model makes a few experimentally testable predictions on the cellular processes underlying the cumulative latency in delayed free recall experimentally observed in humans under different testing conditions. The results suggest, for the first time, a physiologically plausible explanation for individual performances, and establish a proof of principle for the hypothesis that HWMC individuals use a larger portion of the apical tree with a correlated higher level of synaptic background noise
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Using the Australian therapy outcome measures for occupational therapy (AusTOMs-OT) to measure outcomes for clients following stroke
No full textUnsworth, CA ORCiD: 0000-0001-6430-2823Purpose: To examine a range of measures used to document client outcomes following stroke, describe the Australian Therapy Outcome Measure for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMs-OT) as a tool suitable to measure multiple outcomes, and provide an overview of three outcomes research programs using this measure. The AusTOMs-OT was developed to measure global therapy outcomes and offers therapists a choice of 12 function-focused scales (including self-care, domestic life, community life, upper limb function). Therapists evaluate the client’s status globally in relation to four domains: the underlying impairment, activity limitation, participation restriction, and distress/well-being. Method: The first study presents a comparison of outcomes for clients at two Australian acute care facilities on the self-care scale (n = 82). Similarly, the second study presented is a comparison of stroke rehabilitation outcomes using the self-care scale for clients in Sweden and Australia (n = 70). The final study is an Australian benchmarking study using the upper limb scale (n = 40). Results: All three studies demonstrated that clients improved during therapy as measured on the four domains of AusTOMs-OT. Study 3 examined client outcomes at one facility against an agreed benchmark using the AusTOMs-OT upper limb scale and found that clients attained benchmark outcomes. Conclusions: A variety of outcome measures are available for clinicians to document the progress clients make during stroke rehabilitation. However, the AusTOMs-OT can measure global outcomes across multiple domains in just a few moments. Three studies reporting outcomes for clients with stroke using the AusTOMs-OT demonstrate its utility in documenting client change during therapy and for comparing or benchmarking services
Innovating methodology through international collaboration: Expanding the use of video analysis for understanding Learning designs
No full textL’articolo descrive e approfondisce le nuove
direzioni di ricerca in ambito educativo attraverso
l’uso della videoanalisi per migliorare
la progettazione dei processi di
insegnamento-apprendimento della matematica.
Le direzioni di ricerca sono state sviluppate
attraverso una collaborazione
in ter nazionale che ha coinvolto ricercatori
italiani e australiani. L’articolo illustra una
panoramica dei diversi contesti di ricerca e
delinea un’ampia trattazione della letteratura
di ambito come quadro teorico d riferimento
della proposta metodologica
innovativa.The purpose of this paper is to propose
new directions for research in the use of
video analysis to improve teaching and
learning design in mathematics. The research
directions have been developed
through an international collaboration involving
researchers from Italy and Australia.
The paper includes an outline of
these context and the different drivers for
research before presenting providing a literature
review to support future methodological
innovation
Revision of the competency standards for occupational therapy driver assessors: An overview of the evidence for the inclusion of cognitive and perceptual assessments within fitness-to-drive evaluations
No full textUnsworth, CA ORCiD: 0000-0001-6430-2823© 2017 Occupational Therapy Australia occupational therapy driver assessors (Victoria, Australia) define the requirements for performance of a comprehensive driving a ssessment, and we are currently revising these. Assessment of cognitive and perceptual skills forms an important part of the off-road assessment. The aim of this systematic review of systematic reviews (known as an overview) is to identify what evidence exists for including assessment of cognitive and perceptual skills within fitness-to-drive evaluations to inform revision of the competency standards. Methods: Five electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, The Cochrane Library, OT Seeker) were systematically searched. Systematic review articles were appraised by two authors for eligibility. Methodological quality was independently assessed using the AMSTAR tool. Narrative analysis was conducted to summarise the content of eligible reviews. Results: A total of 1228 results were retrieved. Fourteen reviews met the inclusion criteria. Reviews indicated that the components of cognition and perception most frequently identified as being predictive of fitness-to-drive were executive function (n = 13), processing speed (n = 12), visuospatial skills, attention, memory and mental flexibility (n = 11). Components less indicative were perception, concentration (n = 10), praxis (n = 9), language (n = 7) and neglect (n = 6). Conclusion: This overview of systematic reviews supports the inclusion of assessment of a range of cognitive and perceptual skills as key elements in a comprehensive driver assessment and therefore should be included in the revised competency standards for occupational therapy driver assessors. Background/aim: Determination of fitness-to-drive after illness or injury is a complex process typically requiring a comprehensive driving assessment, including off-road and on-road assessment components. The competency standards fo
Teams : the challenges of cooperative work
No full textTeamworking is seen by many organizations as an effective strategy for organising work. Eighty-two percent of companies with 100 employees or more reported that they used teams (Gordon, 1992). Of the top flight Fortune 1000 companies, 28% used self-managing teams in 1987; this figure rose to 68% in 1993. What makes teamworking effective? How can people work most successfully in teams? In this chapter we examine research evidence which suggests ways to maximise team effectiveness
Dissipative Range Scaling of Higher Order Structure Functions for Velocity and Passive Scalars
No full textDifferently to Kolmogorov's second similarity hypothesis, we find that the 2n-th order velocity and scalar structure functions scale with n-th order moment of the energy dissipation and the scalar dissipation, respectively. The origins of this scaling are analyzed by the transport equations of the fourth order velocity and scalar increment moments and by direct numerical simulations
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