51 research outputs found
A reappraisal of attitudes to the 'People of the Book' in the Qur'an and hadith, with particular reference to Muslim fiscal policy and the covenant of 'Umar
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Financial Crises and Key Economic Sectors of China and India: A Comparative Review of 1991-2010
No full textEconomic growth of emerging Asian economies like China and India has been a topic of interest for researchers. However, most of the existing studies have focused on economic growth trends of China and India. The aim of this paper is to identify the core sectors of both economies and analyse the impact of the Asian financial crisis of 1997 and the global financial crisis of 2008 on the performance of those sectors. We also intend to explore the impact of the aforementioned financial crises on the overall economic growth of both nations. Our review consists of five years’ average and critical analysis of the existing studies to identify the key sectors of economy and to analyse the impact of financial crises. The results indicate that industry and service sectors are the highest contributors in the GDP of China and India respectively. We also found heterogeneous impact of financial crises on the key sectors of both nations’ economy
Teaching accounting to engineering students and the use of concept mapping: a preliminary review
No full textContinuing Professional Development and Accounting Academics: A Literature Review
No full textContinuing professional development (CPD) plays an important role in maintaining professional competency of the accounting academics. The main aim of undertaking CPD is to acquire new technical knowledge pertaining to a certain profession. This study intends to investigate the existing literature on CPD of accounting academics. In reviewing the relevant literature, we have particularly concentrated on these journals: 1) Accounting Education; 2) Journal of Accounting Education; 3) Teachers and Teaching; and 4) Teaching and Teacher Education. The available studies have been classified into three categories and recommendations for the future research work are provided.</jats:p
Accounting Reforms and Foreign Portfolio Investment in China: An Empirical Investigation
No full text The relationship between foreign portfolio investment (FPI) and various macroeconomic variables of China has been discussed in the existing literature. However, the link between China’s accounting reforms and FPI is yet to be explored. This study intends to discover the impact of changes in China’s accounting system and convergence of its domestic accounting standards (henceforth referred to as accounting reforms) on FPI. We have used Binary Choice Model in Eviews for two decades’ data. In our analyses, FPI has been taken as dependent variable, whereas accounting reforms, annual increase in listed companies, GDP growth of China and financial crises are taken as explanatory variables. The results of our model reveal a significant relationship between accounting reforms and FPI; moreover, Granger causality test shows a significant causal relationship between yearly increase in listed companies and FPI. Our findings are theoretically rational and can be useful for both investors and the policymakers.</jats:p
The shifting world of South African madrasahs, 1973-2008
No full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 92-101).This essay seeks to unearth the historical development of madrasah education in South Africa from 1973 to 2008. It identifies transformations that have taken place in the madrasah education landscape in the last thirty to forty years. This work may be seen as largely an exercise in contemporary historical excavation. In addition to determining whether the transformations have changed or sustained the central function of madrasahs as spaces for religious socialization and sectarian identity formation, the essay is an attempt to underline the link between these changes and the broader shifts and developments that have taken place in Muslim communities and the country. The conclusion suggests that while major transformations have taken place at South African madrasahs, the changes - in a broader sense - still fall very much within the central function of madrasahs historically and globally. There has been no radical shift, or even a conception thereof, beyond often sectarian religious orthodoxy
Macroeconomic fundamentals and exchange rates in South Asian economies
No full textInternational audienceThis study aims to examine the impact of macroeconomic fundamentals on exchange rates of selected South Asian economies during 1981-2013
Waste Management and Prediction of Air Pollutants Using IoT and Machine Learning Approach
No full text[EN] Increasing waste generation has become a significant issue over the globe due to the rapid increase in urbanization and industrialization. In the literature, many issues that have a direct impact on the increase of waste and the improper disposal of waste have been investigated. Most of the existing work in the literature has focused on providing a cost-efficient solution for the monitoring of garbage collection system using the Internet of Things (IoT). Though an IoT-based solution provides the real-time monitoring of a garbage collection system, it is limited to control the spreading of overspill and bad odor blowout gasses. The poor and inadequate disposal of waste produces toxic gases, and radiation in the environment has adverse effects on human health, the greenhouse system, and global warming. While considering the importance of air pollutants, it is imperative to monitor and forecast the concentration of air pollutants in addition to the management of the waste. In this paper, we present and IoT-based smart bin using a machine and deep learning model to manage the disposal of garbage and to forecast the air pollutant present in the surrounding bin environment. The smart bin is connected to an IoT-based server, the Google Cloud Server (GCP), which performs the computation necessary for predicting the status of the bin and for forecasting air quality based on real-time data. We experimented with a traditional model (k-nearest neighbors algorithm (k-NN) and logistic reg) and a non-traditional (long short term memory (LSTM) network-based deep learning) algorithm for the creation of alert messages regarding bin status and forecasting the amount of air pollutant carbon monoxide (CO) present in the air at a specific instance. The recalls of logistic regression and k-NN algorithm is 79% and 83%, respectively, in a real-time testing environment for predicting the status of the bin. The accuracy of modified LSTM and simple LSTM models is 90% and 88%, respectively, to predict the future concentration of gases present in the air. The system resulted in a delay of 4 s in the creation and transmission of the alert message to a sanitary worker. The system provided the real-time monitoring of garbage levels along with notifications from the alert mechanism. The proposed works provide improved accuracy by utilizing machine learning as compared to existing solutions based on simple approaches.This research work was funded by the Ministry of Education and the Deanship of Scientific Research, Najran University. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, under code number NU/ESCI/19/001.Hussain, A.; Draz, U.; Ali, T.; Tariq, S.; Glowacz, A.; Irfan, M.; Antonino Daviu, JA.... (2020). Waste Management and Prediction of Air Pollutants Using IoT and Machine Learning Approach. Energies. 13(15):1-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13153930S1221315Lionetto, M. G., Guascito, M. R., Caricato, R., Giordano, M. E., De Bartolomeo, A. R., Romano, M. P., … Contini, D. (2019). Correlation of Oxidative Potential with Ecotoxicological and Cytotoxicological Potential of PM10 at an Urban Background Site in Italy. Atmosphere, 10(12), 733. doi:10.3390/atmos10120733Wiedinmyer, C., Yokelson, R. J., & Gullett, B. K. (2014). Global Emissions of Trace Gases, Particulate Matter, and Hazardous Air Pollutants from Open Burning of Domestic Waste. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(16), 9523-9530. doi:10.1021/es502250zYan, F., Zhu, F., Wang, Q., & Xiong, Y. (2016). Preliminary Study of PM2.5 Formation During Municipal Solid Waste Incineration. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 31, 475-481. doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2016.02.054Curtis, L., Rea, W., Smith-Willis, P., Fenyves, E., & Pan, Y. (2006). Adverse health effects of outdoor air pollutants. Environment International, 32(6), 815-830. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2006.03.012Gollakota, A. R. K., Gautam, S., & Shu, C.-M. (2020). Inconsistencies of e-waste management in developing nations – Facts and plausible solutions. Journal of Environmental Management, 261, 110234. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110234Anitha, A. (2017). Garbage monitoring system using IoT. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 263, 042027. doi:10.1088/1757-899x/263/4/042027Sirsikar, S., & Karemore, P. (2015). Review Paper on Air Pollution Monitoring system. IJARCCE, 218-220. doi:10.17148/ijarcce.2015.4147Tavares Neto, R. F., & Godinho Filho, M. (2013). Literature review regarding Ant Colony Optimization applied to scheduling problems: Guidelines for implementation and directions for future research. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 26(1), 150-161. doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2012.03.011Ali, T., Irfan, M., Alwadie, A. S., & Glowacz, A. (2020). IoT-Based Smart Waste Bin Monitoring and Municipal Solid Waste Management System for Smart Cities. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 45(12), 10185-10198. doi:10.1007/s13369-020-04637-wSilva, B. N., Khan, M., & Han, K. (2018). Towards sustainable smart cities: A review of trends, architectures, components, and open challenges in smart cities. Sustainable Cities and Society, 38, 697-713. doi:10.1016/j.scs.2018.01.053Gutierrez, J. M., Jensen, M., Henius, M., & Riaz, T. (2015). Smart Waste Collection System Based on Location Intelligence. Procedia Computer Science, 61, 120-127. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2015.09.170Carbon Monoxide Dangers in the Boiler Room www.pmmag.com/articles/97528-carbonmonoxide-danger-in-the-boiler-roomDe Vito, S., Massera, E., Piga, M., Martinotto, L., & Di Francia, G. (2008). On field calibration of an electronic nose for benzene estimation in an urban pollution monitoring scenario. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 129(2), 750-757. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2007.09.060Guiry, J., van de Ven, P., & Nelson, J. (2014). Multi-Sensor Fusion for Enhanced Contextual Awareness of Everyday Activities with Ubiquitous Devices. Sensors, 14(3), 5687-5701. doi:10.3390/s140305687Ali, T., Draz, U., Yasin, S., Noureen, J., shaf, A., & Zardari, M. (2018). An Efficient Participant’s Selection Algorithm for Crowdsensing. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 9(1). doi:10.14569/ijacsa.2018.090154Ali, T., Noureen, J., Draz, U., Shaf, A., Yasin, S., & Ayaz, M. (2018). Participants Ranking Algorithm for Crowdsensing in Mobile Communication. ICST Transactions on Scalable Information Systems, 5(16), 154476. doi:10.4108/eai.13-4-2018.15447
Savior: A Reliable Fault Resilient Router Architecture for Network-on-Chip
No full text[EN] The router plays an important role in communication among different processing cores in on-chip networks. Technology scaling on one hand has enabled the designers to integrate multiple processing components on a single chip; on the other hand, it becomes the reason for faults. A generic router consists of the buffers and pipeline stages. A single fault may result in an undesirable situation of degraded performance or a whole chip may stop working. Therefore, it is necessary to provide permanent fault tolerance to all the components of the router. In this paper, we propose a mechanism that can tolerate permanent faults that occur in the router. We exploit the fault-tolerant techniques of resource sharing and paring between components for the input port unit and routing computation (RC) unit, the resource borrowing for virtual channel allocator (VA) and multiple paths for switch allocator (SA) and crossbar (XB). The experimental results and analysis show that the proposed mechanism enhances the reliability of the router architecture towards permanent faults at the cost of 29% area overhead. The proposed router architecture achieves the highest Silicon Protection Factor (SPF) metric, which is 24.4 as compared to the state-of-the-art fault-tolerant architectures. It incurs an increase in latency for SPLASH2 and PARSEC benchmark traffics, which is minimal as compared to the baseline router.This work was supported by the Spanish 'Ministerio de Ciencia Innovacion y Universidades' and FEDER program in the framework of the 'Proyectos de I+D d Generacion de Conocimiento del Programa Estatal de Generacion de Conocimiento y Fortalecimiento Cientifico y Tecnologico del Sistema de I+D+i, Subprograma Estatal de Generacion de Conocimiento' (ref: PGC2018-095747-B-I00).Hussain, A.; Irfan, M.; Baloch, NK.; Draz, U.; Ali, T.; Glowacz, A.; Dunai, L.... (2020). Savior: A Reliable Fault Resilient Router Architecture for Network-on-Chip. Electronics. 9(11):1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9111783S118911Borkar, S. (1999). Design challenges of technology scaling. IEEE Micro, 19(4), 23-29. doi:10.1109/40.782564Latif, K., Rahmani, A.-M., Nigussie, E., Seceleanu, T., Radetzki, M., & Tenhunen, H. (2013). Partial Virtual Channel Sharing: A Generic Methodology to Enhance Resource Management and Fault Tolerance in Networks-on-Chip. Journal of Electronic Testing, 29(3), 431-452. doi:10.1007/s10836-013-5389-5Borkar, S. (2005). Designing Reliable Systems from Unreliable Components: The Challenges of Transistor Variability and Degradation. IEEE Micro, 25(6), 10-16. doi:10.1109/mm.2005.110Ali, T., Noureen, J., Draz, U., Shaf, A., Yasin, S., & Ayaz, M. (2018). Participants Ranking Algorithm for Crowdsensing in Mobile Communication. ICST Transactions on Scalable Information Systems, 5(16), 154476. doi:10.4108/eai.13-4-2018.154476Ali, T., Draz, U., Yasin, S., Noureen, J., shaf, A., & Zardari, M. (2018). An Efficient Participant’s Selection Algorithm for Crowdsensing. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 9(1). doi:10.14569/ijacsa.2018.090154Poluri, P., & Louri, A. (2016). Shield: A Reliable Network-on-Chip Router Architecture for Chip Multiprocessors. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 27(10), 3058-3070. doi:10.1109/tpds.2016.2521641Valinataj, M., & Shahiri, M. (2016). A low-cost, fault-tolerant and high-performance router architecture for on-chip networks. Microprocessors and Microsystems, 45, 151-163. doi:10.1016/j.micpro.2016.04.009Kim, J., Nicopoulos, C., Park, D., Narayanan, V., Yousif, M. S., & Das, C. R. (2006). A Gracefully Degrading and Energy-Efficient Modular Router Architecture for On-Chip Networks. ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News, 34(2), 4-15. doi:10.1145/1150019.1136487Polian, I., & Hayes, J. P. (2011). Selective Hardening: Toward Cost-Effective Error Tolerance. IEEE Design & Test of Computers, 28(3), 54-63. doi:10.1109/mdt.2010.120Mohammed, H., Flayyih, W., & Rokhani, F. (2019). Tolerating Permanent Faults in the Input Port of the Network on Chip Router. Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications, 9(1), 11. doi:10.3390/jlpea9010011Wang, L., Ma, S., Li, C., Chen, W., & Wang, Z. (2017). A high performance reliable NoC router. Integration, 58, 583-592. doi:10.1016/j.vlsi.2016.10.016Shafique, M. A., Baloch, N. K., Baig, M. I., Hussain, F., Zikria, Y. B., & Kim, S. W. (2020). NoCGuard: A Reliable Network-on-Chip Router Architecture. Electronics, 9(2), 342. doi:10.3390/electronics9020342Poluri, P., & Louri, A. (2015). A Soft Error Tolerant Network-on-Chip Router Pipeline for Multi-Core Systems. IEEE Computer Architecture Letters, 14(2), 107-110. doi:10.1109/lca.2014.2360686Feng, C., Lu, Z., Jantsch, A., Zhang, M., & Xing, Z. (2013). Addressing Transient and Permanent Faults in NoC With Efficient Fault-Tolerant Deflection Router. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, 21(6), 1053-1066. doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2012.2204909Liu, J., Harkin, J., Li, Y., & Maguire, L. P. (2016). Fault-Tolerant Networks-on-Chip Routing With Coarse and Fine-Grained Look-Ahead. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 35(2), 260-273. doi:10.1109/tcad.2015.2459050Runge, A. (2015). FaFNoC: A Fault-tolerant and Bufferless Network-on-chip. Procedia Computer Science, 56, 397-402. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2015.07.226Binkert, N., Beckmann, B., Black, G., Reinhardt, S. K., Saidi, A., Basu, A., … Wood, D. A. (2011). The gem5 simulator. ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News, 39(2), 1-7. doi:10.1145/2024716.202471
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