1,720,970 research outputs found
USING FORAGING DYNAMICS TO ANSWER LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT QUESTIONS: THE NUTRITIONAL ECOLOGY OF BLACK-TAILED DEER
Get PDFThesis (Ph.D.), School of the Environment, Washington State UniversityBlack-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) and other forest herbivores depend on abundant and nutritious understory vegetation found in open-canopy and young, early-seral forests. Forage management activities such as logging, thinning and using silvicultural herbicides have the potential to alter the quality and quantity of forage available to herbivores. Therefore, I compared nutrient intake and estimated nutritional carrying capacity of black-tailed deer between stands that received herbicide treatments paired with those that did not in Douglas-fir/western hemlock forests of western Washington, and investigated how these responses change as forests age from early seral stages to canopy closure (2 – 20 years post-harvest). I measured understory vegetation biomass, plant species nutritional quality, and overstory characteristics of each forest stand. Additionally, I measured diet composition, diet quality and nutrient intake of tractable black-tailed deer within each paired stand. I found that herbicide use decreased the amount of understory biomass useable for foraging deer and decreased their daily digestible energy intake, especially in the first 3 years of stand establishment. Even so, early seral habitat, regardless of herbicide use, provided more forage and higher daily energy intake for deer than closed canopy stands (14 yrs +) or mid-seral stands. Using data from these experiments, I also investigated how the resolution of data collection (e.g., plants vs. plant parts) influences estimates of plant selection and nutritional carrying capacity, and how well measures of forage abundance and quality predict nutrient intake of black-tailed deer. I found that treating plant parts (i.e., stems and leaves) as separate food items did not influence how plant species were categorized as selected, neutral or avoided, but increased estimates of nutritional carrying capacity. In addition, measures of forage resources that included both biomass and quality or selection status by deer better predicted daily digestible energy intake of tractable black-tailed deer.School of the Environment, Washington State Universit
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Nutritional and Chemical Factors Shaping Diet Selection for Two Sagebrush Specialists: Pygmy Rabbits and Sage-Grouse
No full textFor herbivores, maximizing energy intake is limited by the relatively low nutritional quality of plants and high concentrations of potentially toxic plant secondary metabolites (PSMs). Although several studies have demonstrated that herbivores prefer diets with the highest nutrient and lowest PSM constituents, these studies are primarily confined to laboratory feeding trials due to the difficulty of observing diet selection in free ranging herbivores. Field observations have demonstrated that pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis) and greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), both facultative specialists on sagebrush (Artemisia spp.), forage on specific sagebrush plants more than others within a foraging patch. I used these species to test the hypothesis that sagebrush plants heavily browsed (browsed) by pygmy rabbits and sage-grouse are higher in crude protein and lower in PSMs and are preferred to rarely browsed plants (unbrowsed). To test the hypothesis, I analyzed crude protein, digestibility, monoterpene concentration, and total phenolic concentration of leaves from paired browsed and unbrowsed plants. I used model selection to identify which combination of nutritional and chemical variables best describe diet selection by pygmy rabbits and sage-grouse. In general, crude protein content of the plant and several monoterpenes were indentified as variables that explained foraging by pygmy rabbits while only monoterpenes explained selection by sage-grouse. Amounts of total and digestible crude protein were higher and several monoterpenes were lower in browsed sagebrush compared to unbrowsed plants for pygmy rabbits. I also offered captive pygmy rabbits a choice of leaves from browsed and unbrowsed plants. Pygmy rabbits ate 2.5 times more of the leaves from browsed plants than leaves from unbrowsed plants. These results indicate that pygmy rabbits are making foraging decisions based on relative plant quality. Plants browsed and unbrowsed by sage-grouse had similar amounts of crude protein and browsed plants had higher concentrations of several PSMs. The cues pygmy rabbits and sage-grouse use to determine high quality plants may be different between species and are important for understanding how they perceive food quality across a landscape. Defining characteristics that determine higher quality plants among available plants will help guide management and conservation of specialist herbivores such as the pygmy rabbits and sage-grouse
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