1,720,955 research outputs found
Pendekatan soft systems methodology (SSM) dalam menyelesaikan masalah / Nor Hasbiah Ubaidullah and Mazidah Puteh
Full text linkSSM adalah berasaskan kepada teori sistem (systems theory), di mana ianya merupakan satu pelengkap kepada sistem-sistem yang dikategorikan ke dalam Hard Systems Thinking seperti penyelidikan operasi (operational research), analisis sistem (systems analysis), dan kejuruteraan sistem (systems engineering). SSM merupakan satu kaedah penyelesaian masalah (problem solving approach) yang dibangunkan hasil dari kegagalan kejuruteraan sistem. Di dalam beberapa sistem seperti yang dinyatakan di atas, tumpuan sistem adalah terhadap pencapaian objektif. Di dalam keadaan di mana wujudnya penglibatan manusia, unsur-unsur yang berkaitan dengan tingkah laku manusia seperti tawar menawar, perbahasan pendapat, interaksi sosial dan sebagainya, perlu diambil kira. Sistem-sistem ini tidak dapat menyelesaikan masalah masalah yang ada hubung kait dengan manusia sejagat seperti yang dinyatakan di atas. SSM dikategorikan ke dalam Soft Systems Thinking. SSM berbeza dengan sistem-sistem yang dikategorikan ke dalam Hard Systems Thinking kerana di dalam sistem ini objektif bukanlah merupakan satu perkara yang penting kerana ia adalah sistem pembelajaran (learning systems). SSM mengkaji tentang masalah manusia sejagat yang komplek dan mendorong kepada tindakan yang sewajarnya untuk penambahbaikan. Sekian lama kita telah menggunakan sistem yang berasaskan kepada pendekatan keras (hard approach), sedarkah kita tentang kewujudan sistem yang berasaskan pendekatan lembut (soft approach). Sistem yang berasaskan pendekatan lembut ini adalah Soft Systems Methodology yang dibangunkan oleh Peter Checkland dari University of Lancaster, United Kingdom. Sistem ini mampu menyelesaikan masalah yang berkait dengan manusia sejagat seperti hubungan sosial, perbalahan dan sebagainya. Kertas kerja ini bertujuan untuk mendedahkan pendekatan SSM di dalam menyelesaikan masalah
Tingkatkan pengetahuan komputer anda: ketahui apa yang dimaksudkan dengan pengautomatan sumber data (source data automation) / Nor Hasbiah Ubaidullah and Zulkifley Mohamed
Full text linkDunia hari ini telah beralih kepada dunia computer yang mana rata-rata orang mengatakan tentang kecanggihan dan kemajuannya dalam menghasilkan maklumat. Perkataan komputer seolah-olah suatu perkataan yang sering diperkatakan dan diperbual oleh banyak pihak. Semua golongan tidak kira tua remaja dan kanak-kanak ingin mengetahui apa itu komputer dan seterusnya boleh menggunakannya dengan baik. Dan persoalan apa itu komputer? Sememangnya menarik perhatian setiap orang terutama bagi mereka yang baru saja mula berdampingan dengan komputer. Secara amnya komputer ialah sejenis mesin elektronik yang boleh menerima input (data yang kita masukkan) memproses input tersebut dan akhirnya boleh menghasilkan output (maklumat). Data yang belum diproses oleh komputer dikenali sebagai data mentah dan setelah diproses ianya disebut sebagai maklumat. Ekoran dari ini bagi membolehkan data-data diproses di dalam komputer ianya perlu dimasukkan ke dalam komputer melalui peranti (peralatan) yang disediakan. Bagi memasukkan data ke dalam komputer cara yang paling lazim digunakan dan yang diketahui oleh ramai orang ialah melalui papankekunci. Walaubagaimanapun selain dari menggunakan papankekunci terdapat satu lagi kaedah yang penting untuk memasukkan data ke dalam komputer iaitu melalui kaedah Pengautomatan Sumber Data. Pengautomatan Sumber Data adalah satu kaedah di mana suatu peranti khas digunakan untuk mengumpul data dan menghantarnya terus ke komputer untuk diproses. Peranti-peranti yang digunakan selalunya mudah digunakan dan mempunyai kebolehpercayaan yang tinggi. Ini disebabkan ianya selalu digunakan oleh mereka yang kurang mahir dalam penggunaan komputer atau mereka yang tidak menerima latihan komputer yang maksimum. Terdapat tiga peranti yang penting yang dikategorikan di bawah Pengautomatan Sumber Data
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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