101 research outputs found
Diaphragmatic injuries after blunt trauma: are they still a challenge? Reviewing CT findings and integrated imaging
No full textCorrection: Six minute walk distance and reference values in healthy Italian children: A cross-sectional study (PLoS ONE (2018) 13, 10 (e0205792) DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0205792)
No full textThe affiliation for the fifth author is incorrect. Roberto Codella is not affiliated with #4–8 but with #4 and #8: School of Exercise Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy and Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
Renal angiomyolipoma as a sign of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). Case report and review of literature
No full text
Exercise in an islet-transplanted non pro marathon runner : effects on training, autoimmunity and metabolic profile
No full textType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronically progressive autoimmune disease in which the adverse immune response is induced and promoted by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Recent studies have suggested that physical exercise may interfere with immune system function even at low intensity and duration. Here, an islet-transplanted T1DM patient (M, 44yrs) has been longitudinally monitored for autoimmunity markers, metabolic profile and physical performance, being himself a nonpro marathon runner, over a 7-year period from the islet allograft. Given his discontinuous story of training (because of injuries, medical issues etc), we identified 4 phases throughout this period, lasting ca 2 years each, characterized by rest and training, alternatively. Administration of an ad hoc regime of training (supervised interval training) showed an improvement in glycolsylated hemoglobin (HbA1c -9.2%, p<.05), C-reactive protein (-16.6%, p<.05) and a decrease of insulin treatment (from 4-8 to 4-6 U/die) during the 2nd phase with respect to the 1st phase of rest (recovery after allograft). In the 3rd phase (post-injury resting), Hb1Ac increased by 13.3% (p<.05 vs 2nd phase).
In the 4th phase, exercise training was accompanied by an amelioration of Hb1Ac of 22% respect to the 3rd phase. Insulin units diminished dramatically with respect to the 1st phase (2-3 U twice a week), and so did the autoimmunity markers (antiGAD Ab from 0.5 to 0.0 AU; antiINS Ab from 6.6 to 1.6 AU). Race time during competition improved by 10.5% as compared with the 2nd phase of training (p<.05). Also in the 4th phase, aerobic-, anaerobic thresholds and heart rates resulted significantly higher than the previous phases (p<.05).
Altogether, these data suggest that the alternation of detrimental metabolic and autoimmunity profiles may be associated with the interleaving of training/resting periods, evoking a potential role for exercise in a positive immunomodulation of system functions against T1DM progression and inflammation
Validation of the intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test for the measurement of insulin sensitivity in mice
No full textMouse models are helpful in clarifying the pathophysiological mechanisms by which insulin resistance
contributes to the development of obesity and diabetes. Thus, the ability to accurately and easily quantify insulin resistance in mice is of interest. The reference standard for measuring insulin sensitivity is the glucose clamp, but simpler methods previously developed in humans are frequently adopted in mouse studies. Here, we focused on the intraperitoneal insulin sensitivity test (IPIST). The domain of validity of the insulin sensitivity index derived from IPIST is unknown since no direct validation against the clamp is available in mice. Aim of this study was to compare the indeces of insulin sensitivity derived from IPIST and the clamp in a group of wild-type mice. Six CB57BL6 12-week old mice underwent the IPIST first, and the euglycemic clamp two weeks later. In the IPIST, after a 30-min stabilization period, a bolus of human insulin (0.5 U/kg) was administered by an intraperitoneal injection at t=0. Blood samples (~5μl) for the determination of glucose concentration were collected at 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 min. The IPIST-based index of insulin sensitivity, SI(IPIST), was calculated as the slope of the regression line between the logarithm of glucose concentration vs. time in the interval 0-15 min (i.e., when the linearity hypothesis was tenable).
In the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, after a 30-min stabilization period, a primed-continuos infusion of human insulin (2.5 mU/kg/min) was begun at t=0 and maintained constant for 120 min. Concurrently, 20% glucose was infused at a variable rate to maintain glucose at basal concentration. The clamp-based index of insulin sensitivity, ISI(clamp), was calculated as the ratio between the levels of the glucose infusion rate and insulin concentration measured at the end of the clamp.
The relationship ISI(IPIST) vs. ISI(clamp) was investigated by linear regression and the coefficient of
determination, R2, was evaluated to assess the goodness of the fit. Results were expressed as Mean±SD and the level of statistical significance was 0.05.
During IPIST, the glucose decay curve achieved a nadir (69.2±14.4 mg/dl) at 60 min (Figure, left panel). At the end of the clamp, insulin concentration was 50.3±2.0 μU/ml. ISI(IPIST) was 3.36±0.95 10-2 mg/dl per min. ISI(clamp) was 10.41±1.20 10-1 mg/kg min per μU/ml. The association between the two indices was excellent and R2 was 0.96, p=0.001 (Figure, right panel).
IPIST is simple and calculation of ISI(IPIST) from glucose data collected during the initial 15 min of the
test is straightforward. The findings of this preliminary report are encouraging since ISI(IPIST) resulted
extremely well correlated with ISI(clamp). If confirmed in a larger sample of mice, IPIST may constitute a cost-effective and validated approach to measure insulin sensitivity in mice
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