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Prof. Th. W. Adorno and the author Hans Erich Nossack.
No full textProf. Th. W. Adorno and the author Hans Erich Nossack at a reception of Insel Verlag, Buchmesse Frankfurt 1966LB
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Molecular-level Design of Heterogeneous Chiral Catalysts
No full textIt has been shown previously that the adsorption of a chiral 2-butanol template on Pd(111) leads to enantioselective adsorption of chiral propylene oxide probe molecules. Enantioselectivity is expressed over a narrow coverage range where the maximum value of enantioselectivity ratio (ER defined as Θ(R-propylene oxide)/Θ(S-propylene oxide), where Θ is the coverage) reaches ~2. Probe coverages in this case were measured using either reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) or temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) [1,2]. The enantioselectivity disappears when the 2-butanol-covered surface was heated to ~200 K since the adsorbed butoxy species decomposes by a β-hydride elimination reaction to yield a non-chiral ketone. Monte Carlo calculations of the effect of chiral modifiers have yielded results that are consistent with these experimental observations [3,4]. Similar experiments using 2-methyl butanoic acid as a template, where the chiral center is identical to that in 2-butanol but is now anchored by a carboxylate group rather than by an alkoxide, shows no enantioselectivity. In this case, propylene oxide coverages were measured using the King and Wells method. RAIRS experiments and density functional calculations suggest that the 2-butyl group of the 2-butoxy species is oriented parallel to the surface. A possible origin for the lack of enantioselectivity of a 2-methyl butanoic acid-covered surface may be that the 2-butyl group is farther from the surface, allowing it to rotate more freely, averaging out any asymmetry, resulting in a loss of chirality. In order to test this idea, the alkyl group on the carboxylic acid was functionalized with an amine to anchor the chiral center to the surface. Using the amino-acids alanine and 2-amino butanoic acid as templates restored the enantioselectivity and yielded ER values of 2.0 ± 0.2 and 1.75 ± 0.15 respectively. These results suggest that a two-point attachment of the chiral template is required, one for surface adsorption and the other to allow the enantioselectivity to be expressed. Low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) intensity versus energy (I/E) measurements are used to measure the structure of templates and probes on the Pd(111) surface, where these results will be compared with calculations carried out by the Sholl group. Since the aminoacids are relatively large, initial experiments were carried out to determine the structure of carboxylates on the surface to determine the carboxylate group anchoring site. Since carboxylates do not form ordered structures on Pd(111), we have exploited a method recently developed in collaboration with Professor Saldin to measure structures of disordered overlayers [5]. Results show that the formate OCO plane is oriented perpendicular to the surface with the oxygen atoms located across a short bridge on the (111) surface. The effect of the size of the functional group on the amino acid template (RCH(NH2)COOH) was also investigated where the maximum ER values obtained using propylene oxide were 2.0 ± 0.2 (R=CH3), 1.75 ± 0.15 (R=C2H5), 1.65 ± 0.15 (R=C3H6) and 1.30 ± 0.15 (R=CH2CH(CH3)2) thus showing a decreasing trend with increasing size of the side chain. The enantioselectivity of S-(1-naphthyl) ethylamine-covered surfaces have been explored using propylene oxide as a probe, but these systems showed no enantioselectivity. However, using 2-butanol as a probe lead to enantioselective chemisorption implying that one-to-one modification requires a direct hydrogen-bonding interaction between the probe and modifier. 1. Enantioselective Chemisorption on a Chirally Patterned Surface in Ultrahigh Vacuum: Adsorption of Propylene Oxide on 2-butoxy-Covered Pd(111), D. Stacchiola, L. Burkholder and W.T. Tysoe, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, 8984 (2002) 2. Enantioselective Chemisorption on a Chirally Modified Surface in Ultrahigh Vacuum: Adsorption of Propylene Oxide on 2-butoxide-Covered Pd(111), Darío Stacchiola, Luke Burkholder and Wilfred T. Tysoe, J. Mol. Catal A: Chemical, 216, 215 (2004) 3. Theoretical Analysis of the Coverage Dependence of Enantioselective Chemisorption on a Chirally Patterned Surface, F. Roma, D. Stacchiola, G. Zgrablich and W. T. Tysoe, Journal of Chemical Physics, 118, 6030 (2003) 4. Lattice-gas Modeling of Enantioselective Adsorption by Template Chiral Substrates, F. Romá, D. Stacchiola, W.T. Tysoe and G. Zgrablich, Physica A., 338, 493 (2004) 5. Structure Determination of Disordered Organic Molecules on Surfaces from the Bragg Spots of Low Energy Electron Diffraction and Total Energy Calculations, H. C. Poon, M. Weinert, D. K. Saldin, D. Stacchiola, T. Zheng and W. T. Tysoe, Phys. Rev. B., 69, 35401 (2004
Probing the outermost layer of thin gold films by XPS and density functional theory
No full textThis work examines gold thin films of various thicknesses varying from 5 to over 100 nm along a 7 cm distance to investigate the effect on the surface sensitivity of the XPS Au4f signal. Increasing the relative intensity of the surface XPS signal can be useful for studying properties of the surface atoms in case of functionalized gold, and for shedding light on reactions occurring at the interface with the metal surface as well as adsorption geometry. The surface-to-bulk signal ratio increased with decreasing thickness for thicknesses greater than 15 nm. Below this value, the intensity of the surface signal decreased. The binding-energy shift of the surface component with respect to the bulk component was found to be in agreement with that calculated by density functional theory (DFT). The calculated shift was found to be essentially unaffected, whether or not final-state effects were included. KPFM was also performed to investigate correlations between the measured work function and the surface/bulk BE shift, revealing that the contact potential difference changes with thickness because of the influence of the substrate. Gradients were prepared by a novel evaporation method, by template stripping, and by photolithography, yielding stripes of increasing thickness in the same sample
Nowe spojrzenie na planowanie architektury mieszkaniowej w afryce subsaharyjskiej
No full textThe author shares his reflections on state of art in housing and urban planning, deficiencies, expectations and possibilities in the Sahel region of Africa. He notices, that the housing problem in Africa is one of the challenges, which should be solved in order to recover life dignity of African people and secure their rights to traditional family life in acceptable conditions. The paper describes the studies on the typical dispersed urban structures and the need to foster this type of settlement structure and proposals of introduction of new on light steel frame housing system in the area of Sahel, combining the traditional way of building houses with modern technology. The particularly analysed case, is the housing problem in the Republic of Chad. The author presents the basic discussion on this topic and his architectural proposals. Unfortunately, the gap between the needs and the financial feasibility of housing construction in this area, makes this project already at the starting point extremely difficult to be realized without external subventions.Problem mieszkaniowy w Afryce jest jednym z wyzwań, które należy rozwiązać, aby Afrykanie mogli odzyskać godność życiową i zabezpieczyć swoje prawa do tradycyjnego życia rodzinnego w akceptowalnych warunkach. W artykule opisano badania nad typowymi rozproszonymi strukturami miejskimi i potrzebą wspierania tego typu struktur osadniczych oraz propozycji wprowadzenia nowego systemu konstrukcji domów, opartym na lekkim szkielecie stalowym, łączącym tradycyjny sposób budowania domów z nowoczesną technologią. Przypadkiem szczególnie analizowanym jest problem mieszkaniowy w Republice Czadu. Autor przedstawia podstawową dyskusję na ten temat i swoje propozycje architektoniczne. Niestety luka między potrzebami mieszkaniowymi w Czadzie a finansową wykonalnością budownictwa mieszkaniowego w tym obszarze sprawia, że projekt ten, już w punkcie wyjścia, jest niezwykle trudny do realizacji bez uzyskania zewnętrznych dotacji
Ethene adsorption and decomposition on the Cu(410) surface
No full textThe influence of open steps on the surface properties is shown by investigating the interaction of molecular ethene with Cu(410). We find a surprisingly low-temperature, site-selective chemistry at the strongly under-coordinated step sites. Ethene bonds either in a pi-bonded or in a di-sigma-bonded state or undergoes complete dehydrogenation. All pathways involve the low-coordination sites at the step, since the first species is partially stabilized with respect to low-Miller-index Surfaces, while the other two are observed only on Cu(410). When annealing the surface, dehydrogenation and transformation into the di-sigma-bonded moiety proceed, both processes being favored by faster heating rates. The so-generated carbon (presumably C(2) admolecules) decorates the step edges, thereby blocking the active sites for subsequent dissociation and permitting only pi-bonding of ethene. The dip de loss of carbon disappears ill high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy when annealing to room temperature, indicating that carbon moves to more coplanar or even to subsurface sites where it still influences the sin-face chemistry. The surface reactivity is recovered when heating the crystal to 900 K since C dissolves then deep enough into the bulk
Seeing the world anew : the radical vision of Martin Waldseemüller's 1507 & 1516 world maps /
No full text9781929154470 (ISBN). 192915447X (ISBN). First edition 2012. Accompanied by 2 foldeds map in front and back pockets: 1507 map -- 1516 map.; Includes bibliographical references: pages 98-107.; Maps from pockets also available online http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-vn6254227; Original version of the 1507 map: Universalis cosmographiae secundum Ptholomaei traditionem et Americi Vespucii alioru que lustrationes. [St. Dié, France? : s.n., 1507]; Original version of the 1516 map: Carta marina, navigatoria Portugallen, navigationes atque tocius cogniti orbis terre marisque formam naturamq[u]e situs et terminos nostris temporibus recognitos et ab antiquorum traditione differentes eciam quor[um] vetusti non meminerunt auctores hec generaliter indicat / consumatum est in oppido S. Deodati compositione et digestione Martini Waldseemuller Ilacomili. [St. Dié, France? : s.n., 1516]. Prologue: In a Renaissance Vision, a Glimpse of the Modern / John W. Hessler -- "An island surrounded on all sides by sea" : The World Map, 1507 / John W. Hessler -- "Land of Cuba, part of Asia" : The Carta marina, 1516 / Chet Van Duzer -- Epilogue: A Renaissance That Resonates Still / John W. Hessler -- Notes -- Afterword / Ralph E. Ehrenberg -- About the authors -- Acknowledgments -- The Maps: The 1507 World Map, 12 sheets, with commentary -- Composite: front pocket -- The 1516 Carta marina, 13 sheets, with commentary -- Composite: back pocket
Klimat społeczny w szkole inkluzyjnej
No full textAuthor presented in this paper theoretical approach to the building of social climate in an inclusive school. The publication indicatessome tendencies and directions of changes to improve the functioning of these institutions and to implement the idea of inclusive education.Autorka przedstawiła w artykule teoretyczne ujęcie zagadnienia związanego z budowaniem klimatu społecznego w szkole inkluzyjnej. W publikacji ukazano pewne dążenia i kierunki zmian, jakich należy dokonywać w masowych szkołach, aby poprawić jakość funkcjonowania tych placówek, tak by kierowały się one ideą edukacji włączającej
Ewolucja programowa FDP w polityce wschodniej w latach 1949-1969 w świetle nowych zasobów Archiwum Niemieckiego Liberalizmu
No full textZasadniczym celem artykułu jest analiza działalności programowej FDP w polityce wschodniej Republiki Federalnej Niemiec w latach 1949-1969. Autor wykorzystał nowe zasoby Archiwum Niemieckiego Liberalizmu w Gummersbach, co umożliwiło przedstawienie nowej oceny wpływu FDP na politykę wschodnią Republiki Federalnej Niemiec.The main goal of the article is to analyze the FDP's program activities in the eastern policy of the Federal Republic of Germany in the years 1949-1969. Of great importance here is the fact that the author used in this work new archives from the Archives of German Liberalism in Gummersbach. This enabled him to present a new assessment of the FDP's impact on the eastern policy of the Federal Republic of Germany
Zasady szacowania gruntów w postępowaniach scaleniowych w Polsce
No full textThe subject of the study was the principles of land estimation used for the purpose of consolidation
proceedings, as they are applied in Poland.
The work examines the legal conditions relating to the estimation of land for the purposes of
consolidation. Documents prepared in the years 2005–2017 concerning land estimation (resolutions
of the consolidation participants, and protocols from the value estimates) have been
collected for 41 consolidated sites, located in 28 districts of 11 voivodships (regions). A survey
was conducted among the surveyors-designers of the consolidation proceedings, consisting of
19 questions. In the current year, the co-author of the present article was present at meetings of
consolidation proceedings’ participants, convened in order to determine the rules for estimating
land value on two sites located in different regions, and the material she collected during those
meetings was used in the article.
The collected data were subjected to an analysis, which showed that within Poland there is no
homogeneity in the method of estimating land value for the purpose of consolidation proceedings,
and that the method used to determine the value of land, taking into account the 1-hectare
estimated rate, and the price of 1dt of rye grain, according to the provisions of the agricultural
tax, is incompatible with the principles for the valuation of agricultural real estate, as specified in
the law on real estate management.Przedmiotem badań były zasady szacowania gruntów stosowane w postępowaniach scaleniowych w Polsce.
W ramach pracy przeanalizowano uwarunkowania prawne odnoszące się do szacunku gruntów na potrzeby scaleń. Zebrano dokumentację sporządzoną w latach 2005-2017 dotyczącą szacunku gruntów (uchwały uczestników scalenia i protokoły z przeprowadzonego szacunku) dla 41 obiektów scaleniowych, położonych na terenie 28 powiatów z 11 województw. Przeprowadzono ankietę wśród geodetów-projektantów scaleń, składającą się
z 19 pytań. Współautorka artykułu w bieżącym roku była obecna na spotkaniach uczestników scalenia, zwołanych w celu ustalenia zasad szacowania gruntów na dwóch obiektach, zlokalizowanych w różnych województwach i zebrane materiały dotyczące tych spotkań wykorzystane zostały w artykule.
Zgromadzone dane poddano analizie, która wykazała, że w Polsce nie ma jednolitości
w sposobie szacowania gruntów na potrzeby postępowań scaleniowych oraz że stosowany sposób określania wartości gruntów z uwzględnieniem stawek szacunkowych 1 ha oraz ceny 1dt żyta wg przepisów o podatku rolnym jest niezgodny z zasadami wyceny nieruchomości rolnych określonymi w ustawie o gospodarce nieruchomościami
Ograniczenia wolności słowa w Internecie
No full textThe development of Internet services lead to many changes in forms of expression of our opinions and ideas. The author shall discuss whether the term “freedom of speech” is still suitable for modern times, regarding the conversations in the social media. As we all know, the freedom of speech and the freedom of expression were never absolute and certain limitations of them are completely legal and necessary. However, as the author will try to prove, there are some serious concerns about executing such limitations online as well as effectively proving if someone’s rights have been violated due to excess of freedom of expression. The possible ideas of fighting the hate speech and other acts of trespassing the right to free expression shall also be presented.Rozwój usług Internetowych spowodował wiele zmian w sposobach wyrażania naszych opinii i pomysłów. Autor przeprowadzi rozważania odnośnie tego czy określenie “wolność słowa” jest wciąż adekwatne do współczesnych czasów, odnosząc się do rozmów w przestrzeni mediów społecznościowych. Powszechnie wiadomo, że wolność słowa i wolność wypowiedzi nigdy nie były absolutne i pewne ich ograniczenia są całkowicie legalne oraz konieczne. Jednakże, jak autor spróbuje wykazać, istnieją poważne wątpliwości odnośnie wykonalności takich ograniczeń w sieci, a także efektywnego dowodzenia, że cudze prawa zostały naruszone w związku z przekroczeniem granic wolności wypowiedzi. Propozycje możliwych rozwiązań w walce z mową nienawiści i innymi przejawami przekraczania prawa do wolności wypowiedzi także zostaną zaprezentowane
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