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Kazimierz Twardowski
No full textKazimierz Twardowski (1866–1938) was an Austrian-born Polish philosopher. He was a student of Franz Brentano and the founder of the Lvov-Warsaw School. His main work, On the Content and Object of Presentations (1894), established the need for the distinction between the content and the object of a presentation within Brentanian theories of the intentionality of mental acts. The distinction is a psychological, non-platonistic counterpart of Frege's distinction between sense and reference. Other students of Brentano, notably Edmund Husserl and Alexius Meinong, integrated the distinction between content and object in their works after the appearance of Twardowski's book. Twardowski spoke of contradictory objects before Meinong: he was the first philosopher to hold a theory of intentionality, truth, and predication in which thinking and speaking about non-existents, including contradictions, involves presenting and naming non-existents, including contradictory objects. Like Meinong, Twardowski belonged to a tradition of non-idealistic German-language philosophy that originated with Bernard Bolzano, and that influenced, via G. F. Stout, Moore and Russell's transition from idealism to analytic philosophy. After moving to Lvov in 1895, Twardowski devoted himself to establishing a tradition of scientific, i.e. rigorous and exact philosophy in Poland inspired by Brentano's views rather than to publishing his own ideas. As a result, his published oeuvre, written in Polish and German, is relatively small. Twardowski's unpublished manuscripts, often complete sets of lecture notes, constitute a considerable part of his philosophical corpus. According to Roman Ingarden, assessments of Twardowski's achievements and his role in history should be considered incomplete and hypothetical as long as they are based only on his published writings (Ingarden 1948, 18). Important projects for the edition and dissemination of Twardowski's manuscript material have been recently completed or are currently ongoing in Austria, France, Poland, Italy, and the Netherlands.[1] Twardowski was a sharp thinker and a writer of exemplary clarity. He wrote on signs, on meaning and reference, and on indexicality and truth, defending a non-platonistic view of time-independent truth; he wrote on the metaphysics of parts and wholes, on ethics, on the history of philosophy, on the relation between philosophy and psychology, and, importantly, on metaphilosophy. In Twardowski's times psychology was divided roughly in two camps: ‘Wundtian’ experimental psychology and ‘Brentanian’ descriptive pyschology (see the entries on Wundt and Brentano); although Twardowski sided mainly with Brentano's way of looking at psychology, he lectured on themes from experimental psychology such as optical illusion and established the first laboratory of empirical psychology in Poland. He developed a judgment-based theory of knowledge, and he valued analysis as a fruitful method in philosophy. This notwithstanding, it is a widespread convinction that Twardowski's most tangible success remains his extraordinary work as educator and initiator of philosophical activities in Poland. Indeed, Twardowski was a talented teacher, like Brentano, and he exerted, through his teaching, a powerful influence on generations of young Polish philosophers, such as Jan Łukasiewicz, Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz, Stanisław Leśniewski (who, in turn, taught Alfred Tarski) and Tadeusz Kotarbiński. This influence regarded first of all matters of method: Twardowski laid emphasis on ‘small philosophy’, namely on the detailed, systematic analysis of specific problems—including problems from the history of philosophy—characterised by rigor and clarity, rather than on the edification of whole philosophical systems and comprehensive world-views
Jan Twardowski, Poesie
No full textTraduzione di 6 poesie del poeta polacco Jan Twardowski (1915-2006
A companion to Kazimierz Twardowski
No full textThere have been many significant publications on Kazimierz Twardowski. Jacek Jadacki intends to add to this list another book Rozum i wola. Kazimierz Twardowski i jego wpływ na kształt kultury polskiej XX wieku. In the review it is appraised whether it can be called “a companion to...”. It provides introductory information that can help readers better understand the role of Twardowski in Polish philosophy and culture. Updated findings by contemporary scholars are also included. The quality of the articles is guaranteed by such authors as J. Woleński, R. Kleszcz, A. Brożek and J. Jadacki. However, new authors are also present as well as less common topics like Twardowski’s influence on the Polish School of Philosophy of Medicine and his roles as political scientist, educational theorist, and historian of Ancient philosophy. The authors manage to convince the reader that Twardowski is “a classic” worth knowing, in consequence the book can be treated as a “companion to Twardowski”. It also inspires readers to further investigate the works and accomplishments of the Lvov philosopher
Propositions et états de choses chez Twardowski
Full text linkInternational audienceTwardowski's On the Content and Object of Presentations (1894) is one of the most influential works that Austrian philosophy has left to posterity. The manuscript Logik (1894-1895) supplements that work and allows us to reconstruct Twardowski's theory of judgement. These texts raise several issues, in particular whether Twardowski accepts propositions and states of affairs in his theory of judgement and whether his theory is acceptable. This article presents Twardowski's theory, shows that he accepts states of affairs, that he has a notion of proposition, and that his theory is interesting and sophisticated."Sur le contenu et l'objet des représentations" (1894), de Kazimierz Twardowski, est un des textes les plus influents de la tradition autrichienne. Le manuscrit Logik (1894-1895) complète ce dernier et nous permet entre autres de reconstruire la théorie du jugement de Twardowski. Ces textes soulèvent plusieurs questions, en particulier si Twardowski acceptait les notions de propositions et d'états de choses, et si sa théorie est acceptable. Cet article présente la théorie de Twardowski, montre qu'il acceptait les états de choses, qu'il avait une notion de proposition et qu'il s'agit d'une théorie intéressante et raffinée
Ontologia e semântica em twardowski
No full textO conceito de objeto intencional de Twardowski em Zur Lehre vom Inhalt und Gegenstand der Vorstellung, é analisado com o fim de explicitar suas concepções ontológicas e semânticas. O duplo papel desse conceito, como correlato do conteúdo dos atos intencionais e como correlato dos nomes, desdobra-se na sua dupla função teórica, ontológica e semântica. Em especial, a análise da teoria dos objetos de Twardowski estará aqui em estrita conexão com o conceito de objeto intencional de Brentano, sendo a transição de um para o outro o efeito da leitura semântica que Twardowski realiza acerca do objeto intencional. O conceito de objeto intencional de Twardowski em Zur Lehre vom Inhalt und Gegenstand der Vorstellung, é analisado com o fim de explicitar suas concepções ontológicas e semânticas. O duplo papel desse conceito, como correlato do conteúdo dos atos intencionais e como correlato dos nomes, desdobra-se na sua dupla função teórica, ontológica e semântica. Em especial, a análise da teoria dos objetos de Twardowski estará aqui em estrita conexão com o conceito de objeto intencional de Brentano, sendo a transição de um para o outro o efeito da leitura semântica que Twardowski realiza acerca do objeto intencional.
Pan Twardowski
No full textThis poster for the stage adaptation of Polish folk tale "Pan Twardowski" features a devil-like creature with a pointy moustache going through the figure's eyes and out its forehead.abstract face/animal
Metodología híbrida online y presencial a favor del aprendizaje cooperativo
Full text link[ES] Estos últimos años y principalmente tras el periodo pandémico, la extendida utilización de las herramientas digitales ha motivado un incremento de su uso para el desarrollo de actividades docentes. Estas herramientas tienen un especial interés con técnicas como los COIL o Collaborative Online International Learning que, aún con innumerables beneficios, también presentan ciertas limitaciones que de acuerdo con el proyecto que se quiera desarrollar, pueden ser determinantes perdiendo parte de su potencial.En este sentido, tres universidades europeas de diferentes países promovieron bajo el amparo de un programa Erasmus+, volver tras el periodo pandémico a realizar actividades presenciales con alumnos alineado con el formato COIL. Este proyecto tiene por objetico promover la activación de los espacios públicos en los centros de las ciudades, por lo que se hace necesario la presencialidad de los participantes, más allá del análisis a través de documentación o fotografías que podamos obtener o compartir digitalmente.La comunicación propuesta trata de exponer el proyecto realizado por tres escuelas de arquitectura, desarrollado bajo una metodología que ha tratado de entrelazar la actividad presencial y online, aprovechan las ventajas de cada una de ellas[EN] In recent years and mainly after the pandemic period, the use of digital tools has led to an increase in their use for the development of teaching activities. These tools are of particular interest with techniques such as COIL or Collaborative Online International Learning which, although they have innumerable benefits, also have certain limitations which, depending on the project to be developed, can be decisive in losing part of their potential. In this sense, three European universities from different countries promoted, under the umbrella of an Erasmus+ programme, to return after the pandemic period to carry out face-to-face activities with students aligned with the COIL format. The aim of this project is to promote the activation of public spaces in city centres, which makes it necessary for the participants to be present, beyond the analysis through documentation or photographs that we can obtain or share digitally. The proposed communication tries to expose the project carried out by three schools of architecture, developed under a methodology that has tried to intertwine face-to-face and online activity, taking advantage of the benefits of each one of them.Verdejo, P.; Ros Campos, A.; Twardowski, M.; Fabris, LM.; Balzarottie, R. (2023). Metodología híbrida online y presencial a favor del aprendizaje cooperativo. En Proceedings INNODOCT/22. International Conference on Innovation, Documentation and Education. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 235-243. https://doi.org/10.4995/INN2022.2022.15730OCS23524
Twardowski / Básen Jaroslava Vrchlického.
Full text linkTWARDOWSKI / BÁSEN JAROSLAVA VRCHLICKÉHO.
Twardowski / Básen Jaroslava Vrchlického. (1)
Cover (1)
Titelseite (3)
Misto predmluvy (5)
I. Starý obraz (11)
II. Studentská láska (30)
III. Vzpominky z mládi (43)
IV. Otec a syn (59)
V. Ballada o pavouku (71)
VI. Nocni zabavy (77)
VII. Slza (105)
VIII. Banda Januszova (111)
IX. Donna Lukrecie (131)
X. Shnile duse (155)
XI. Posledni dni Twardowského (169)
XII. In excelsis (198)
Obsah (211
Affrettiamoci ad amare
No full textPrima antologia del poeta polacco Jan Twardowski (1915-2006) pubblicata in Italia. Comprende 60 poesie
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