811 research outputs found
Spaudos inžinerijos studijų programos metodikos nurodymų rinkinys
No full textLeidinį sudaro šie laboratorinių darbų metodikos nurodymai: J. Sidaravičius „Spausdinimo medžiagos“,
J. Sidaravičius „Spausdinimo procesų technologija“, J. Sidaravičius „Spausdinimo ir apdailos įrenginiai“, J. Sidaravičius „Spaustuvė: kompleksinio projekto rengimo metodikos nurodymai“, V. Turla „Brošiūravimo ir įrišimo įranga bei technologija“,
V. K. Augustaitis „Ruošimo spausdinti įranga“, V. K. Augustaitis „Ruošimo spausdinti technologija“
Historical past in the novels „Negęsta žvaigždė paukščio pėdoje“, „Žemaičio Garlėkys“ by Vytautas Martinkus.
No full textThis paper investigates the historical representations of the past of Lithuania in XIX th century, in which the writer V. Martinkus is guided by: a) interpretation of history through historical facts and the free choice of their interpretation; b) the historiographical metafiction as artistic approach to the opportunities offered by the implementation. Vytautas Martinkus novels „Negęsta žvaigždė paukščio pėdoje“ and its subsequent reconstruction, or remake, „Žemaičio garlėkys“ are based on some historical facts: there were used events of Aleksandras Griškevičius biography, some certifying letters and documents. This choice was not bound by the obligations of ideologization and traditional treatment of the past (Dukes cult). By analogy to the quasi documents the author arranged a fiction choosing the artistic fabric of the novel according to his creative will and values. intentions and reasons. During the prism of the historical events and individual relationship with their living period, the problems of human freedom, of the spirit of autonomy are challenged and examined by the value point of view (thei are emphasised in the first novel), the problems of truth and justice, conscience and personal responsibility (emphasised in the second). The fiction features of those novels are: the complex multi narratives conveys the dramatic moments of the main character biography; felicitous details reveal the historical features of the time (through the the apparatus of the officials and the clergy the tracking, complaints and bans are organized), colorful characterizations. The novel is full of artistic tissue of metafiction poetic means by which the story is conveyed: complex construct of characters developed metaphors, images, which are linked with associative links, with the elements of the grotesque (the hearing process) and irony (extracted through the narrator chosen distance)
Vytautas Vardys - creator of political science in emigration
No full textRemiantis literatūros šaltinių lyginamąja analize, asmenine patirtimi, tiesiogiai bendraujant su mokslininku, Lietuvos visuomenei pristatoma žymaus lietuvių išeivijoje Oklahomos universiteto profesoriaus Vytauto S. (Stanley) Vardžio-Žvirzdžio asmenybė, jo mokslinė veikla ir indėlis į politologijos mokslą išeivijoje. Aptariami pagrindiniai V. Vardžio teiginiai apie sovietinio kolonializmo prigimtį ir paslėptus jo skirtumus nuo tradicinės kolonializmo sampratos. Straipsnyje siekiama akcentuoti, kaip V. Vardys Vakarų pasauliui stengėsi demaskuoti Sovietų Sąjungos skelbtą „tautų draugystės“ principą ir jo skirtumus nuo JAV „tautų katilo“ principo. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Išeivija; Kolonializmas; Lietuvybė; Politikos mokslai; Politiniai mokslai; Sovietizacija; V. Vardys; Vytautas Stanley Vardys; Vytautas Vardys; Colonialism; Colonialism, Sovietization; Colonialism: Sovietization; Emigration; Lithuanian emigration; Lithuanianism; Political science; Sovietization; V. Vardys; Vytautas Stanley VardysLithuanian people are introduced to the famous among Lithuanian emigrants Vytautas S. (Stanley) Vardys-Žvirzdys, Professor of University of Oklahoma, to his scientific activities and contribution to the political science. The article gives main Vardys’ statements about the nature of Soviet colonialism and its hidden differences from the traditional concept of colonialism. The author seeks to highlight Vytautas Vardys’ attempts to debunk to the Western world the proclaimed by the Soviet Union “friendship of nations” principle and its differences from the USA “melting pot” principle. Describing the loss of independence of the Baltic States for a 25- year (1940-1965) period, which according to the author was probably the bloodiest in the history of Lithuania, and at the time was a radical destruction of the nation’s community union, economic system, and crossed-out cultural and ideological beliefs, Vardys identified it as a modern-day colonialism. Vardys’ published ideas about the existence of the state in the structures of other countries are still relevant. Vytautas Vardys’ works show that he was a far-sighted political scientist, stating that in the future all three Baltic countries having gained independence for their benefit reasons should enter into greater economic organization, which would link independence of the political sovereignty to economic cooperation, providing a better life. Vardys as if saw Lithuania’s place in the future European Union
Multisensory legal machines and legal act production
No full textThis paper expands on the concept of legal machine which was presented first at IRIS 2011 in Salzburg. The research subjects are (1) the creation of institutional facts by machines, and (2)
multimodal communication of legal content to humans. Simple examples are traffic lights and vending machines. Complicated examples are computer-based information systems in organisations, form proceedings workflows, and machines which replace officials in organisations. The actions performed by machines have legal importance and draw legal consequences. Machines similarly as humans can be imposed status-functions of legal actors. The analogy of machines with humans is in the focus of this paper. Legal content can be communicated by machines and can be perceived by all of our senses. The content can be expressed in multimodal languages: textual, visual, acoustic, gestures, aircraft manoeuvres, etc. The concept of encapsulatation of human into machine is proposed. Herein humanintended actions are communicated through the machine’s output channel. Encapsulations can be compared with deities and mythical creatures that can send gods’ messages to people through the human mouth. This paper also aims to identify law production patterns by machines
National symbols of Lithuania: the inherited or "invented” traditions?
No full textStraipsnyje yra analizuojama Lietuvos Respublikos valstybinė simbolika. Analizuodamas valstybės simbolių įteisinimo praktiką Lietuvos Respublikoje nuo 1987 m. iki visuomeninių diskusijų dėl istorinės Lietuvos valstybės vėliavos statuso pakeitimo į valstybės vėliavą 2007 m. (Sąjūdžio laikų dokumentiką, teisės aktus, įtvirtinančius valstybės simbolikos paskirtį bei naudojimo tvarką ir publicistiką), autorius kelia klausimą, ar valstybinės simbolikos tradicijos yra paveldėtos, ar „išrastos“. Atlikus analizę, straipsnyje daroma išvada, kad dabar egzistuojanti Lietuvos valstybės simbolika oficialiojoje erdvėje deklaruojama kaip LDK bei tarpukario Lietuvos valstybingumo tradicijų tęsinys. Vis dėlto Vytautas Jarutis pastebi tendenciją, jog Lietuvos heraldikos komisija ir kai kurie politikai labiau propaguoja dabartinės Lietuvos Respublikos valstybės simbolikos traktavimą kaip LDK valstybingumo tradicijos tęstinumo ženklą, nors dauguma tokių simbolių yra šių laikų rekonstrukcijos padarinys. Dėl to jie negali būti laikomi LDK tradicijų paveldėjimo ar tąsos išraiška, o tik tradicijų rekonstravimas ar „išradimas“. Straipsnyje kritikuojama Lietuvos Respublikos valstybės simbolių įteisinimo praktika nuo 1990 m., kurią koordinuoja siauras Lietuvos heraldikos komisijos specialistų ratas. Autorius pastebi atotrūkį tarp valstybės įteisintų ir visuomenės kolektyvinėje atmintyje „gyvuojančių“ simbolių. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Herbas; Kultūrinė atmintis; Tradicijos; Valstybės simboliai; Valstybės simbolika; Vytautas Každailis; Coat of Arms; Cultural memory; Lithuania; National symbols; State symbols; Traditions; Vytautas KaždailisThe paper analyses the state symbols of the Republic of Lithuania. When analysing the practice of legitimation of state symbols in the Republic of Lithuania from 1987 to public discussions regarding the change of the status of the historical flag of the State of Lithuania to the state flag in 2007 (the documents of the Sąjūdis period, legal acts establishing the purpose of state symbols as well as the procedure for their use and publicist material), the author asks whether state symbol traditions have been inherited or “invented”. Having carried out the analysis, the paper concludes that the existing state symbols of Lithuania are declared to be the continuation of statehood traditions of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) and interwar Lithuania in the official domain. Yet Vytautas Jarutis notes a tendency that the Lithuanian Heraldry Commission and some politicians more advocate the treatment of the state symbols of the current Republic of Lithuania as the sign of continuity of the GDL statehood tradition, although the majority of these symbols are the outcome of contemporary reconstruction. Thus, they cannot be considered to be the expression of inheritance or continuation of GDL traditions, but instead reconstruction or “invention” of traditions. The paper criticises the practice of legitimation of the state symbols of the Republic of Lithuania from 1990, coordinated by the narrow circle of specialists from the Lithuanian Heraldry Commission. The author notes a gap between the symbols that have been legitimated by the state and the symbols that “live” in the collective memory of society
The civil war of Vytautas against Skirgiello in Wigand of Marburg’s “The new chronicle of Prussia”
No full textThe present article is devoted to the description of the war between Vytautas and Skirgiello (1390 – 1392) in Wigand of Marburg’s chronicle. The author made conclusion, that this source is one of the most valuable for research mentioned events. There is translated by author fragment of chronic, where describes the events of civil war in the attachment
The Church - institution that legaly obligates to the holiness
No full textStraipsnyje rašoma, kad Bažnyčia yra ne vien šventumo siekianti, bet ir teisiškai jam įpareigojanti institucija. Patelkiama trumpa Bažnyčios santykių su jos narių šventumo formomis raida ir prieinama išvada, kad kiekvienu momentu Bažnyčia šventumui įpareigojo, nustatydavo šventumo formas, šventumo administravimui panaudodavo teisines priemones. Tai liudija, kad Bažnyčia visada labai rimtai tvarkė šventu mo reikalą, o šventumas Bažnyčioje buvo ne vien asmeninis kiekvieno jos nario, bet visos Bažnyčios reikalas.The aim of this article is to show the Church not only as a reaching for holiness but also as an institution, which legally obliges to do so. In a brief historical way it is surveyed the Church’s relations to forms of holiness. Author draws a conclusion that Church obliges for holiness in every moment, that Church has instituted forms for holiness, that for the administration of holiness Church used to use juridical agents. This point gives evidence that Church regulated the mater of holiness soundly all the time and at the same time it points that the holiness never has been personal business only but the concern of all ChurchVytauto Didžiojo universitetas / Vytautas Magnus Universit
"Visions" of Vytautas Mačernis: views of the land and soul
No full textVytauto Mačernio šimtmetis - turiningas, įkvepiantis. Traukia iš naujo perskaityti, išgirsti. Pamatyti Sarnelę, Žemaičių Kalvariją, Sedą, ypatingą poeto krašto geografiją. Patirti nuostabą - Vytauto Mačernio gyvenimo, kūrybos, tragiškos žūties ženklai bei jų kultūriniai ženklinimai įaugo į kraštovaizdį, virto jo savastimi. Kapas Žvyrynėlio kalvoje. „Vizijų“ akmenys, kurių sumanytojai ir vykdytojai - kraštotyrininkas Konstantinas Bružas, mokytoja Genoveita Gricienė, — sunkių akmenų ridentojai ir tiesiogine, ir perkeltine prasme. Akmenys priklauso šio krašto kalbai. 1989 m. gegužės pradžioje Algimanto Kunčiaus nufotografuotas kelias iš Žemaičių Kalvarijos į Sarnelę — kaip Vytauto Mačernio kelias. Keliai, ypač pirminiai, yra svarbios kraštovaizdžio linijos, atskirai tirtinos, aprašytinos. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Lietuvių literatūra (XX a.); Poezija; Vytautas Mačernis; Vizijos. Keywords: Lithuanian literature (c. XX); Poetry; Vytautas Mačernis; VisionsA phenomenological essay dedicated to the centenary of Vytautas Mačernis (1921-1944), the youngest Lithuanian literary classic, who died tragically. The Poetic Landscape, which is important in his work, is discussed, particularly in the series of poems “Vizijos” [Visions]. The natural environment is the foundation of the living world, culture develops, also permeating into nature. But the natural landscape in the poetic text appears as if seen with the eyes of the spirit, like a soul. Natural dominants provide an opportunity to link V. Mačernis’ works to the highest points of Lithuanian poetic tradition in the 19th c. The author of the article has published a monograph dedicated to this author’s work (the second edition of the article is supplemented by a discussion of the entire generation and poetic school)
Vytautas Ambrazas. Lietuvių kalbos istorinė sintaksė : recenzija
No full textStraipsnyje recenzuojama Vytautas Ambrazo monografija "Lietuvių kalbos istorinė sintaksė" (2006). V. Ambrazo knygos yra pirmas tokio pobūdžio darbas, kurio tikslas - sistemiškai aprašyti bei istoriškai išaiškinti visas lietuvių kalbai būdingas sintaksines struktūras. Autorius, kiekvienam aptariamam faktui pateikia gausių pavyzdžių, - tiek iš senosios literatūros, tiek iš tarminių šaltinių. Senosios lietuvių (daugiausia verstinės) raštijos pavyzdžiai visada pamatuotai gretinami su jų šaltiniais. Toks gretinimas leidžia nustatyti vienos ar kitos sintaksinės struktūros autentiškumą ir ją atskirti nuo kitoms kalboms būdingų raiškos priemonių. Panašiai operuojama ir kitų kalbų duomenimis. Greta lietuvių kalbos pavyzdžių autorius tolydžiai duoda ne tik latvių bei prūsų, bet ir kitų indoeuropiečių kalbų paralelių. Autorius kreipia didelį dėmesį į sintaksinės tipologijos metodus. Nors autoriaus tikslas iš esmės sintaksinio, ne morfosintaksinio pobūdžio, jis nemažai dėmesio skiria ir pačioms formoms, jeigu tik jos vaidina vaidmenį sintaksinių struktūrų raidoje. Autoriaus pozicija niekada nekyla iš kategoriškai suformuluotų principų, bet paprastai plaukia iš pačių kalbos duomenų. Knyga laikosi gana tradicinių sintaksės aprašymo metodų ir nepasiduoda jokioms lingvistinėms madoms: joje nevaidina jokio vaidmens nei daugelyje dabartinių sintaksės darbų aklai vartojami generatyviniai modeliai, nei jiems būdinga formalizacija. Recenzuojamoji knyga susideda iš dvylikos įvairios apimties skyrių. Knygos pradžioje plačiai aptariami istorinės sintaksės principai, kuriais remiamasi kituose skyriuose. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Istorinė sintaksė; Sintaksinis modelis; Sintaksinė struktūra; žodžių tvarka; Sakinys; Konstrukcija; Historic syntax; Syntactic model; Syntactic structure; word order; Sentence; ConstructionThe article reviews the monograph “Historical syntax of the Lithuanian anguage” (2006) by Vytautas Ambrazas. The books by V. Ambrazas are the first works of such type that aim to systematically describe and historically explain all syntactic structures characteristic to Lithuanian language. The author delivers numerous examples from both, ancient literature and dialectal sources, to each fact discussed. Examples of old Lithuanian (mostly translated) writings are always reasonably compared to their sources. Such comparison enables identifying the authenticity of one or another syntactic structure and distinguishing it from expression means of the other languages. Data of other languages are operated similarly. In addition to the examples from Lithuanian language, the author provides continuous parallels with Latvian, Prussian, and other Indo-European languages. The author pays attention to syntactic typology methods. Although the objective of the author is more syntactic than morphosyntactic issues, he pays a lot of attention on forms themselves, if they play a role in the development of syntactic structures. Author's position never originates from emphatically formulated principles, but it does from speech data themselves. The book follows fairly conventional syntax description methods and is free from any linguistic fashions: neither generative models widely used in many contemporary syntax works, nor formalisation characteristic to them are use in the book. The book reviewed consists of twelve chapters of all sizes. In the beginning, the book explicitly discusses principles of historical syntax used in other chapters
Vytautas Soblys :
No full textThe present study of Vytautas Soblys's (1903-1968) biography reveals some details of his personal life and highlights an array of his research, pedagogical, and social activities. He was a prominent scholarly figure of Lithuania in the first half of the 20th century, doctor in philosophy, director of the first Institute of Education in Lithuania, which was established in Klaipeda in 1935. The very fact that there is not much information available about V. Soblys's many-faceted activity, especially about his significant pedagogical work, alongside the upcoming 80th anniversary of the Institute (now named Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences), served as the main reason for writing this book. The first part of the book discusses V. Soblys's path of life, his pedagogical activities and the problems he faced while trying to bring the Lithuanian educational system closer to the academic quality standards of Western Europe. A group of contemporary scholars came together for the cooperative effort with the aim of revealing the most important educational, psychological and philosophical ideas studied by V. Soblys and found in his works on the matters of primary education reform, teacher training, and issues of general education and upbringing. One of the authors, Algirdas Gaizutis, in his article 'Pedagogical Ambitions, Dreams and Merits of Doctor Soblys', reveals that V. Soblys's pedagogical activity was largely based on in-depth reflection and the experience, accumulated in the schools of Germany, France and Austria of that time. The author of the article convincingly demonstrates that V. Soblys's published works asserted a direct relation between pedagogical studies and philosophy, psychology, sociology as well as other social sciences, which speaks for V. Soblys's sound reasoning of the value of educational ideas, education reform patterns and achievements in education of the respective countries. In this study, Jonas Dautaras presents some new biographical facts of V. Soblys's family background, his childhood, school years, professional aspirations and attitude towards the teaching profession, foreign language learning, and research activity. V. Soblys studied the science of education, psychology and philosophy at the universities of Toulouse, Sorbonne and Paris. On coming back to Lithuania, he mostly focused on educational activities at Kaunas Higher Physical Education Course Programme, director of the Institute of Education of Lithuania, and later on - as director for Culture of the Ministry of Education. In the Soviet period, V. Soblys underwent unduly restrictions and experienced unfair treatment of his professional activities. Marijona Barkauskaite, in her article 'Issues of Teacher Personality and Problems in Education as Viewed by Soblys', on the grounds of articles published by V. Soblys in the period between WW1 and WW2 at the time of Lithuania's independent statehood, reveals his ideas on the significance of teacher personality and some characteristic teacher professional features, which are essentially needed for the sustainable development of the young generation. The author highlights the value of experimental pedagogy and emphasizes the need for constant and on-going relationship between the would-be teacher and actual school reality 'in terms of getting into contact with school life, lesson activities, school learners, school staff and administrative requirements, school documentation and education policy documents coming from the Ministry of Education'. Ona Tijūnėlienė, in her article „The Staff of the Institute of Education and Their Activities\", highlights V. Soblys's role in recruiting research and academic staff of the institution for preparing highly qualified teachers and trying to share and spread the progressive western experience. The author notes that the criteria for becoming a staff member included a number of requirements: general professional education, pedagogical work experience, and ability and inclination to do research and publish ideas. Violeta Rimkeviciene, in the article \"Vytautas Soblys on Jean Piaget's Research in Psychology', outlines the major issues and trends in Piaget's psychological research up to the year 1935, namely, the research on child speech and thinking, peculiarities of child reasoning and mental development, psychological dynamism and behavioral volatility in children. Another important question was the application of quantitative methods in psychological research of children. Regina Rinkauskiene, in her article 'On the Language of Vytautas Soblys Writing', examines V. Soblys's written language, which might have been influenced by the forming processes of standard Lithuanian, taking place in the first half of the 20th century. Jonas Jablonskis, Kazimieras Jaunius, Antanas Salys and other linguists worked very hard on language standardization in those days. V. Soblys's written works also appeared at that time, and the linguistic situation and dialect peculiarities might have also had impact on V. Soblys's works. The second part of the book is made of V. Soblys's authentic pedagogical scripts (articles, reports, lecture notes, interviews, public speeches, etc.) that had mainly been published in the periodical press of Lithuania. The original language and style have not been changed. This publication, side by side with the studies V. Soblys's heritage, also presents a bibliographic index, literature review, key dates and activities of his lifetime, explanation of the abbreviations, and an index of personal names
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