323,809 research outputs found
THE 1910’s: THE LITTLE-KNOWN TURKMEN JADIT AUTHOR AND HIS ARTICLES
No full textMuhammetkulu Atabayev (Atabayogly, 1885-1916) is the notable representative of the jatit period of the Turkmen literature. The jadid period is the period between classic and soviet periods of the literature development. His publicisic articles, published in “Zakaspiyskaya tuzemnaya gazeta” newspaper in 1914-1915 are the bedt specimens of the jadit Turkmen literature. In his articles the author put on the agenda the burning questions of the Turkmen society of that period, such as: the backwardness of the Turkmen peoble in compare with other nations, because of imperfection of the methods of learning children to read and write, entering into the sisytem of education the new, modern methods of teaching, the compulsory education of the Turkmen girls equelly with the boys at schools, the removal from the life of the Turkmen people the ranson for the brides, wearing the modern, fashionable clothes from the best materials by Turkmen people, the role and importance of periodicals in the libe of society and the other matters. All the articles of Muhammetkuli Atabayev in uncut form after their first publication in 1914-1915 in Turkmen origin, for the first time are published into Turkish language.</p
Factors contributing to nass consumption among iranian Turkmen: A qualitative study
No full textINTRODUCTION Nass is a smokeless tobacco product. Iranian Turkmen have a long history of nass consumption. However, the factors contributing to nass consumption among Iranian Turkmen are not known. The purpose of the present study is to examine the factors contributing to nass consumption among Iranian Turkmen. METHODS This qualitative study was conducted between January and March 2016 in four Turkmen cities of Golestan province in Iran. Participants included 34 male Turkmen nass consumers. Data were collected through individual and group interviews and were analyzed by content analysis. Data management was done by qualitative data analysis software MAXQDA, Version 10. RESULTS The results of data analysis revealed the following as the main reasons for nass consumption by the study population: 1) cultural, social, and environmental facilitators, 2) nass was considered as an alternative to cigarette smoking, 3) nass was believed to intensify the effects of opium and other drugs, 4) specific occupations and circumstances, and 5) beliefs related to nass. CONCLUSIONS Cultural and historical backgrounds, convenient access to nass at a very low price, curiosity, emulation, and peer pressure were the main factors driving nass consumption among Iranian Turkmen. Various beliefs, such as the idea that nass intensifies the effects of opium and alcohol, calms the nerves, and helps individuals quit smoking were also found to contribute to this phenomenon. Finally, individuals in certain lines of work, such as fishing, driving combines, and military service, were more likely to consume nass. © 2018 Sighaldeh S. S
In-plane quasi-static crushing finite element analysis of auxetic lattices
No full textImpact phenomenon is significant for our lives. It can be encountered in many fields. The critical areas are debris impact in space, bird striking on aircraft, ballistic and traffic accidents. For preventing the effect of impacts, some engineering structures are improved and used recently. These structures are used to absorb impact energy by avoiding the transfer of the high magnitude of the load which risks human life and essential part of vehicles that stems from the impact. For road vehicles, crush tubes are used for this purpose. However, they are not efficient, so that tube filling materials are used. Integration of filling materials to tubular systems shows a positive effect on the performance. However, in the case of impact, the impact load crushes the filling material, and filling materials expand laterally. This expansion pushes the boundary of tubular systems and causes bending moment in addition to the uniaxial compressive load at the tubular systems. Auxetic materials which expand laterally under tensile loads and shrink under compressive loads can prevent this incident. Auxetic materials exist in two forms. One of them is a foam form, and the other of them are lattices form. In this study, auxetic lattices are crushed with quasi-dynamic loads to determine their crush efficiencies. Re-entrant, anti-tetrachiral, chiral circular, chiral hexagonal auxetic structures are crushed with 10 mm/min velocity. Specific energy absorption (SEA)values are calculated for each other and compared
The tales of Turkmen
No full textThe subject of this thesis is The Tales of Turkmen. Tales are taken from the book of Türkmen Halk Ertekileri (Turkmen Folk Tales). There are fifty tales in this book. It was prepared and published by Türkmenistan İlimler Akademisi in 1986 in Aşkabat. Redactors of this book are B. Mämmetyazov and Ş. Halmuhammebov. The compiler of tales is B. Veliyev. It contains 213 pages. Researchers like A. Baymıradov and S. Atanıyazov made important contribution to collect, research and document tales. However, no information about collecting tales was given.The purpose of this study is to bring these folk tales prepared and published in Turkmenistan to Turkish literature in the most correct way.This thesis consists of introduction, language study, transcription, translation, dictionary and bibliography.The introduction part is about a research of Turkmen folk tales in Turkmenistan.The first chapter is language study of these twelve Turkmen folk tales relevant to the phonology and morphology.The second chapter is the transcription of these twelve Turkmen folk tales written in Turkmen-Turkish language. They were transcribed in the best approach.The third chapter is the translation of these twelve Turkmen folk tales. They were translated in the most correct way.The Turkmen-Turkish dictionary of these twelve Turkmen tales is provided at the dictionary part.Photocopies of Türkmen Halk Ertekileri written in Cyrillic alphabet are placed at the end of this thesis.Tezimin konusu Türkmen masalları. Eldeki çalışmada yer alan masallar, Türkmen Halk Ertekileri adlı çalışmadan alınmıştır. Bu kitapta elli tane masal bulunmaktadır. Türkmenistan İlimler Akademisi tarafından hazırlanmış ve 1986'da Aşkabat'ta yayınlanmıştır. Eserin redaktörlüğünü B. Mämmetyazov ve Ş. Halmuhammebov yapmıştır. Masalların derleyicisi, B. Veliyev'dir. Eser 213 sayfalıktır. Masalların toplanması, araştırılması ve yazı hâline getirilmesinde, A. Baymıradov ve S. Atanıyazov gibi araştırmacılar büyük katkıda bulunmuşlardır. Ancak masalların derlenmesi konusunda bilgi verilmemiştir.Eldeki çalışmanın amacı, Türkmenistan sahasında derlenmiş ve yayınlanmış olan bu halk masallarının Türkiye literatürüne en doğru şekliyle kazandırmaktır.Eldeki çalışma, giriş, dil incelemesi, transkripsiyonu, tercüme, sözlük ve kaynakça kısımlarından oluşmaktadır.Eldeki çalışmanın Giriş kısmında Türkmenlerdeki masal araştırmaları üzerinde kısaca durulmuştur.Eldeki çalışmanın 1. bölümünde eldeki çalışmada yer alan masalların ses ve şekil bilgisi incelemesi yapılmıştır.Eldeki çalışmanın 2. bölümünde, Türkmen Türkçesinde yazıya geçirilmiş olan 12 masalın transkripsiyonu en doğru şekliyle yapılmıştır.Eldeki çalışmanın 3. bölümünde, çalışmada yer alan masalların en doğru şekliyle tercümesi yapılmaya çalışılmıştır.Çalışmanın sonunda, metinlerde yer alan ve Türkiye Türkçesinden farklılık gösteren sözler, metinde geçen anlamları ile sözlük kısmında yer almıştır.Çalışmanın en sonunda da Kiril harfli metnin fotokopisi sayfa numaraları görünecek şekilde verilmiştir
On Special Verbs of Motion in Turkmen and Their Possible Etymological Connection with the Marker tas in Turkmen
No full textTurkmen, when expressing the avertive meaning “an event almost realized”, applies an obligatory
marker tas. Turkmen grammars traditionally describe it as a word that gives a negative connotation to the meaning . However, in Turkic
linguistics and in Turkmen in particular, the status of tas as a modal word or a grammatical
particle has not yet been studied. Moreover, there are no studies in Turcological linguistics,
offering classifications of modal words and particles which are shaped on the basis of their
meanings as well as grammatical and pragmatic functions. Nevertheless, the marker tas is of
interest for the following two reasons. First, the narrow scope of use in Turkmen, i.e. only to
express the avertive meaning. Second, the issue of the etymology of the roots tas-/daz-/tis- in
Turkic languages is still one of the discussed matters. Moreover, there are various suggestions
about their etymology, including the hypothesis of their Mongolian origin. In this context, the
following paper aims to discuss a possible lexical origin of the marker tas in Turkmen, focusing
on a special group of verbs of motion with the roots tas-/daz-/tis-. These verbs are of interest
since they contain information not only about direction of motion but also: a) information
about a manner of movement, b) judgment of the manner of movement, and c) information
about emotional state, such as fear
The effects of dictatorship on health: the case of Turkmenistan.
No full textBACKGROUND: There is a health crisis in Turkmenistan similar to, but more severe than, in other Central Asian countries. This paper asks whether the health crisis in Turkmenistan is attributable to the consequences of the dictatorship under president Niyazov, who died in 2006. METHODS: The basis for this paper was a series of semi-structured in-depth interviews with key informants complemented by an iterative search of internet sites, initially published as a report in April 2005, and subsequently updated with feedback on the report as well as a comprehensive search of secondary information sources and databases. RESULTS: This paper describes in depth three areas in which the dictatorship in Turkmenistan had a negative impact on population health: the regime's policy of secrecy and denial, which sees the "solution" to health care problems in concealment rather than prevention; its complicity in the trafficking of drugs from Afghanistan; and the neglect of its health care system. CONCLUSION: The paper concludes that dictatorship has contributed to the health crisis facing Turkmenistan. One of the first tests of the new regime will be whether it can address this crisis
Prevalence of esophageal cancer risk factors among Turkmen and non-Turkmen ethnic groups in a high incidence area in Iran
No full textBackground: Golestan Province in north-eastern Iran has one of the highest incidence rates for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) worldwide. Earlier studies have reported higher incidence rates in the areas of Golestan which are mainly inhabited by individuals of the Turkmen ethnic group. However, it is not clear whether in those areas the incidence among Turkmens is higher in comparison to non-Turkmens. Some previous studies have suggested that environmental factors might play a more essential role in ESCC carcinogenesis in Golestan than a genetic background. If environmental factors instead of a genetic background are the major risk factors, therefore the prevalence of known environmental risk factors would not significantly differ among ESCC cases of different ethnic groups. To investigate the role of environmental factors versus genetic background by using the above concept, we have compared the prevalence of known risk factors for ESCC among Turkmen and non-Turkmen ESCC cases. Methods: Study participants were histopathologically proven ESCC cases from Golestan Province. They were recruited in the study from December 2003 to June 2007. The prevalence of the most important known risk factors for ESCC in Turkmen and non-Turkmen ESCC cases was compared using Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests. Results: Of 300 ESCC cases recruited in the study, 171 (57.0%) and 129 (43.0%) cases were Turkmen and non-Turkmen, respectively. In the majority of the investigated risk factors which included tobacco, nass, and opium use, hot and extremely hot tea consumption, as well as decreased levels of education; there was no significant difference between Turkmen and nonTurkmen ESCC cases in the prevalence of exposure. Conclusion: Our findings support the suggestion that a substantial difference between Turkmens and non-Turkmens in terms of genetic susceptibility to ESCC is unlikely. Nevertheless, the moderate effect of genetic factors cannot be ruled out. Further studies to investigate potential environmental and genetic risk factors of ESCC in Golestan and the interaction between environmental and genetic factors are warranted
Turkmen exodus to the Anatolia and establishing their pricipalities
No full textThe Turkmen exodus to the Anatolia is considered one of the important historical periods in the history of the Turks. After the tenth century, a number of the Turkish tribes had converted to Islam in the central Asia. Gradually they headed toward western of the central Asia, they migrated from Iran to Anatolia especially after the foundation of the Sajuq`s state in (1037). Afterwards, under the authority of the Saljuqs, the Turkmen started to migrate to Anatolia. At the same time, the Byzantine dynasty had internal conflicts that paved the way for the Seljuqs to take action and to head toward Anatolia.
the first half of the 11th century, the Turkmen tribes attempted to settle down in Anatolia, but their attempts failed. While, in the second half of the 11th century, and after they defeated the Byzantins in the battle of Malazgirt, they could eventually make Anatolia their own home in (1071). Their victory in the battle led to the foundation the state of the Saljuq`s Rum in Anatolia. Consequently, some leader emerged from among the Turkmen tribes could build some emirates such as; Danishmandi, Saltuk, Mankochk, and Zackac
Iraq-Turkmen women's poes and its impacts on society
No full textIrak Türkmen edebiyatı 1918 yılından önce dünya Türk edebiyatının önemli bir parçası olmuştur. Nesimi ile başlayan yazılı Türkmen edebiyatı, Fuzuli ile devam etmiştir. 1918'den sonra Irak Türkmen edebiyatının dönüm noktası başlamıştır. Irak, Osmanlı İmparatorluğundan sonra İngiliz hâkimiyetinde kendi edebiyatını oluşturmuştur. Son yüz yılda (1918-2018), Irak'ta yüzlerce Türkmen şair, yazar ve edebiyatçı yetişmiş ve Divan edebiyatı, manzum şiir, hikâye ve düz yazı alanlarında bir çok eser kaleme almışlardır. 1 Şubat 1959 tarihinde açılan Bağdat Radyosu Türkmence Bölümünde yapılan edebi programlar, Türkmen edebiyatının tanıtılması ve yayılmasına büyük katkı sağlamıştır. Şairler, şiirlerini radyo yoluyla halka ulaştırmışlardır. 1961 yılında Bağdat Türkmen Kardaşlık Ocağının açılışıyla birlikte yayınlanan "Kardaşlık" dergisinin de Türkmen edebiyatına ciddi katkısı olmuştur. 1970 yılında Bağdat'ta Türkçe yayın hayatına başlayan "Yurt" gazetesi de Türkmen edebiyatını ve şairleri tanıtmakta büyük rol oynamıştır. Erkek şair ve edebiyatçıların yanında kadın edebiyatçılar da bu bağlamda gün yüzüne çıkmışlardır. "Ben de Varım" sloganıyla Irak Türkmen edebiyatına katkıda bulunmuşlardır.Iraqi Turkmen literature was an important part of the world Turkish literature before 1918. Written Turkmen literature, which started with Nesimi, continued with Fuzuli. After 1918, the turning point of Iraqi Turkmen literature began. Iraq formed its own literature under British rule after the Ottoman Empire. In the last century (1918-2018), hundreds of poets, writers and writers have grown up in Iraq; Divan literature, verse poetry, stories and prose has been a great distance. The literary programs of the Turkmen Department of Baghdad Radio opened on February 1, 1959, contributed greatly to the promotion and dissemination of Turkmen literature. Poets brought their poems to the public via radio. The journal "Kardaşlık", which was published with the opening of the Baghdad Turkmen brotherhood society in 1961, also made a significant contribution to the Turkmen literature. The "Yurt" newspaper, which started its Turkish broadcasting in Baghdad in 1970, played a major role in introducing Turkmen literature and poets. In addition to male poets and literati, young women and female literati have emerged in this context. They tried to keep up with the Iraqi Turkmen literature with the slogan "I exist"
Kirkuk Turkmen poet Sabir Demirci's poems and short dictionary
No full textIrak Türkmen Türkçesi, Türkçenin Doğu Oğuzca grubuna dahil edilmektedir. Irak Türkmen Türkçesi, şekil ve ses yapısı açısından Türkiye Türkçesi ve Azerbaycan Türkçesi ile benzerlik göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, Irak Türkmen şairi tarafından yazılan ve Kerkük Türkmen Türkçesini yansıtan halk şiirlerinden örnekler seçip kısa sözlük incelemesi yapılmıştır. Çalışmada 5 farklı eser ele alınmıştır. Eserlerin beşi de Arap harfleriyle yazılmıştır. Eserlerden seçilen halk şiirleri ağız araştırmalarında kullanılan çeviri yazı alfabesiyle Latin harflerine aktarılmıştır. Çalışma, üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde Irak Türkmenleri hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. İkinci bölümde şiirlerin çeviri yazısı yer almaktadır. Üçüncü bölümde ise şiirlerde geçen Irak Türkmen Türkçesi kelimelerin kısa sözlüğü yer almaktadır.Iraqi Turkmen Turkish is included in the Eastern Oghuz group of Turkish. Iraqi Turkmen Turkish is similar to Turkey Turkish and Azerbaijan Turkish in terms of monphologic and phonetic structure. In this study, samples of folk poems written by Iraqi Turkmen poet and reflecting Kirkuk Turkmen Turkish were selected and a short dictionary analysis was made. In the study, 5 different works were discussed. All five of the works are written in Arabic letters. Folk poems selected from the works were transferred to Latin letters with the translation alphabet used in dialect research. The study consists of three parts. In the first part, informations about Iraqi Turkmens are given. In the second part, there is the translation of the poems. In the third part, there is a short dictionary of Iraqi Turkmen Turkish words in the poems
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