1,720,959 research outputs found
Evaluation of environmental impacts in PVC sector: the case of Turkey
No full textThis study aims to evaluate the environmental impacts of PVC and provide recommendations to the industry to increase sustainability. The analysis first takes into account the effects at the product level, then moves on to the national level. According to the findings, total global warming potential (GWP) is estimated at 3 kg CO2 eq./kg PVC. The raw material supply stage is the most significant hotspot for all environmental impacts. The emissions and energy consumption associated with the production of PVC have been significantly reduced by increasing the recycling rate. The total annual GWP of the PVC profile sector in Turkey is estimated at around 1294 kt CO2 eq., which corresponds to nearly 0.3% of the country's total greenhouse gas emissions. Policymakers, construction companies, PVC manufacturers, and users will be interested in the findings of this paper, which will allow them to make more informed decisions about the plastic industry.Scientific Research Projects Commission of Bilecik Seyh Edebali University [2020-02.BSEU.03-06]This work was supported by Scientific Research Projects Commission of Bilecik Seyh Edebali University [grant number 2020-02.BSEU.03-06]
Nannochloropsis for the bioremediation of brewery side streams and co-production of aquaculture feed and bio-Fertiliser: A comprehensive review
No full textThe brewing industry produces a large amount nutrient-rich wastewater. This review proposes a framework that
harnesses autotrophic microalgae to establish a circular brewing industry. The study focuses on Nannochloropsis
due to their high omega-3 polyunsaturated lipids and protein content, enabling the upcycling of brewery
wastewater into aquaculture feed and biofertiliser. In the proposed system, Nannochloropsis is cultivated on
brewery wastewater under mixotrophic conditions, and the resultant biomass is used as a fishmeal replacement
or biofertiliser. This approach reduces chemical and energy demands for brewery wastewater treatment, while
also alleviating aquaculture’s reliance on fishmeal derived from unsustainable wild-caught fishing and agriculture’s
dependence on carbon-intensive mineral fertilisers. A summary of the research to-date on the cultivation of
microalgae on brewery wastewater, the use of brewer’s spent grain as widely available and inexpensive carbon
for microalgal fermentation, the application of Nannochloropsis in aquaculture and bio-fertiliser, and technoeconomic
and life-cycle assessments of the proposed system are provided. A mass balance of the system suggests
that for every 1000 L of brewery wastewater that is treated, 1.0–1.4 kg of Nannochloropsis biomass can be
produced, enabling the removal of 95–100 % of N and P and 60–90 % COD reduction from the wastewater and
the direct capture of 0.7–1.3 kg of CO2, while producing 0.4–0.8 kg of lipids for aquafeed formulations and
0.6–1.0 kg of biomass residue for biofertilisers. An integrated approach that combines laboratory research with
pilot-scale validation and iterative techno-economic assessments is needed to inform optimisation and guide
scale-up
Impact of COVID-19 restrictive precautions on air quality: case of Zonguldak, Turkey
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to investigate and assess how restrictive COVID-19 precautions affect air quality in Zonguldak, as well as to determine the relationship between air quality and meteorological variables under these conditions. Daily PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NOx concentrations and meteorological data, from 1 March to 31 May 2018, 2019, and 2020 were collected for this research. During the 2020 restrictive COVID-19 precautions, it was determined that concentrations of air pollutants were different and low based on the 95% confidence interval by using paired t-test samples. Meteorological variables were found to be similar to previous years, and the correlation between them and air pollutants was found to be significant (P < 0.01) but low according to Pearson correlations. As a result, meteorological variables were determined to have no direct effect on the low concentrations of air quality emissions during the 2020 pandemic. The overall findings revealed that anthropogenic impact has a negative impact on air quality and the air quality had improved during the COVID pandemic. Furthermore, the restriction on the region's coalmines during the COVID-19 pandemic has significant impact on the improvement of air quality
Environmental impact assessment of ceramic tile manufacturing: a case study in Turkey
No full textThe purpose of this study is to analyse the manufacturing of glazed ceramic tiles, from the extraction of raw materials to the packaged product including waste management with the aims of assessing the life cycle environmental impacts and identifying the hotspots. Real and detailed data from a main ceramic tile supplier in Turkey are used in the analysis of the environmental impacts of glazed ceramic tile. Two functional units are considered: 1 m(2) ceramic tile and total annual production of the facility. The environmental impacts have been estimated by conducting Life cycle assessment using GaBi v9.5 software and Ecoinvent database v3.5 with CML 2001 impact assessment method. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to test the robustness of the environmental impacts. The results show that among all environmental impact categories except abiotic depletion potential elements and terrestrial ecotoxicity potential, ceramic tiles production is generating the highest impact on the environment (45.9% for human toxicity potential-73.9% for global warming potential) mainly due to high energy consumption for firing, pressing and forming and drying steps. For abiotic depletion potential elements, raw material supply stage (82.5%) is the biggest contributor while for terrestrial ecotoxicity potential, most of the impact is from raw material transportation stage (31.4%). Annually, 106,195 tonnes or around 5.1 million m(2) of glazed ceramic tiles production from the selected facility emits 74 kt CO2 eq. on a life cycle basis. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first attempt at such an academic study for the ceramic sector in Turkey. The results of this work demonstrate the importance of the life cycle assessment to improve the sustainability of the ceramic sector
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Environmental impacts arising from the production of two surface coating formulations
No full textThe objective of this study is to comparatively appraise the environmental impacts of formulating two metal surface coating chemicals (Product A and B) that can substitute each other via life cycle assessment methodology. The effect of using various energy sources during manufacturing is investigated. The functional unit is defined as 1000 kg product. A cradle-to-gate approach is adopted as system boundaries. The explored environmental impact categories are as follows: global warming (GWP), abiotic depletion (ADP fossils and elements), acidification (AP), eutrophication (EP), freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity (FAETP), human toxicity (HTP), ozone depletion (ODP), photochemical ozone creation (POCP) and terrestrial ecotoxicity (TETP) potentials. GWP of Product A is 7% higher than that of Product B. For all the other impact categories apart from GWP, Product A yields lower results. FAETP, ADP elements, ODP, EP, HTP, POCP, AP, ADP fossil and TETP of Product B are 116%, 72%, 55%, 49%, 38%, 33%, 26%, 26% and 18% higher than Product A, respectively. Noteworthy reductions on environmental impacts generated by energy consumption are obtained for almost all of the impact categories apart from ADP elements, when photovoltaic cells are used instead of grid electricity. Similarly, reductions in all environmental impact categories except for ADP elements are found in the case of using wind turbines instead of the grid. More than 95% decreases are observed for ADP fossil, AP, EP, GWP, ODP and POCP by getting energy from wind instead of grid. The most environmentally friendly energy alternative is addressed as wind energy except for ADP elements. It is recommended to perform LCA studies related to zinc phosphating chemicals, as very limited studies can be found. These results can be used to guide the environmental policies related to the chemical, metal and coating sectors. [GRAPHICS]
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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