798 research outputs found
NanoSIMS observations of mouse retinal cells reveal strict metabolic controls on nitrogen turnover
Get PDFBackground Most of the cells of the mammalian retina are terminally differentiated, and do not regenerate once fully developed. This implies that these cells have strict controls over their metabolic processes, including protein turnover. We report the use of metabolic labelling procedures and secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging to examine nitrogen turnover in retinal cells, with a focus on the outer nuclear layer, inner nuclear layer, and outer plexiform layer. Results We find that turnover can be observed in all cells imaged using NanoSIMS. However, the rate of turnover is not constant, but varies between different cellular types and cell regions. In the inner and outer nuclear layers, turnover rate is higher in the cytosol than in the nucleus of each cell. Turnover rates are also higher in the outer plexiform layer. An examination of retinal cells from mice that were isotopically labeled very early in embryonic development shows that proteins produced during this period can be found in all cells and cell regions up to 2 months after birth, even in regions of high turnover. Conclusions Our results indicate that turnover in retinal cells is a highly regulated process, with strict metabolic controls. We also observe that turnover is several-fold higher in the synaptic layer than in cell layers. Nevertheless, embryonic proteins can still be found in this layer 2 months after birth, suggesting that stable structures persist within the synapses, which remain to be determined
Shotgun mass spectrometry analysis of the human thalamus proteome
No full textThe thalamus plays pivotal roles in the central nervous system as relay center for organizing information, such as auditory and visual senses front diverse brain regions and their re-distribution to the cerebral cortex. Brain diseases including schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and bipolar disorder have been associated with the thalamus, We performed a shotgun proteome analysis of iTRAQ-labeled tryptic peptides of human mediodorsal thalamus protein extracts coming from two healthy male and two healthy female subjects. The shotgun workflow consisted of IEF fractionation, RP LC and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometric analysis. We were able to identify 542 proteins that are involved in different biological processes and from diverse cellular localizations. A considerable fraction of these proteins had not been identified by traditional proteomics methods such as 2-DE. The thalamus proteome contributes to the knowledge of the human brain proteome and future applications in basic and clinical research.Max Planck Societ
Differential expression of HINT1 in schizophrenia brain tissue
No full textRecent findings in the literature suggest a relation between histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein-1 (HINT1) and psychiatric disorders such as major depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia, although its physiological roles are not completely comprehended. Using Western blot, we compared HINT1 protein expression in the postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and thalamus of schizophrenia patients and healthy controls for contributing to elucidate the role of HINT1 in schizophrenia pathophysiology. HINT1 was found to be downregulated in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and upregulated in the thalamus. Our results combined to previous studies in human samples and preclinical models support the notion that HINT1 must be more explored as a potential target for psychiatric disorders
Kraje bałtyckie w okresie Reformacji. Publikacja jako wynik realizacji międzynarodowego projektu badawczego
No full textThe article describes the process of formation an international project concerning a development of the Reformations faith in the Baltic States and its result. The Project started in some academic centres around the Baltic Sea in the year 2004. The publication which contents 4 large books (volumes) was ready in the end of 2012. The Author shows the scientific and cultural value of the finished project. There is a variety of meaning and misunderstanding of the very popular in the scientific debate term “Balticum” – refer to the analysis of Aleksandr Loit shown in the publi-cation.
The article discusses deeply 3 from plenty theoretical outcomes printed in the Project-Book: The issues presented by Enn Tarvel, Julian Kreem and Valda Klava concerned on the Reformation in the present territory of Latvia. The article emphasizes the very high scientific value of the whole project especially a big content of source materials.Artykuł omawia wyniki realizacji szeroko zakrojonego, międzynarodowego projektu badawczego poświęconego historii Reformacji w krajach Bałtyckich. Wynikiem badań, trwających od roku 2004, jest czterotomowa publikacja, którą wydano drukiem w końcu 2012 roku. W tekście ukazano wartość naukową, poznawczą i kulturotwórczą zrealizowanego projektu.
Autor odwołuje się do analiz Aleksandra Loit, który wskazuje na wieloznaczność, kompleksowość i problematyczność terminu „Balticum“, który jest stosowany w literaturze przedmiotu.
W swoim omówieniu Autor, w sposób szczególny odniósł się do wyników badań historycznych przedstawionych przez Enna Tarvela, Juliana Kreema i Valda Klava nad problematyką wprowadzenia Reformacji na terenie obecnej Łotwy. Autor podkreślił znaczenie czterotomowej publikacji dla przyszłych badań, także w kontekście zawartości tekstów źródłowych
Biomarkers for Psychiatry: The Journey from Fantasy to Fact, a Report of the 2013 CINP Think Tank
Get PDFA think tank sponsored by the Collegium Internationale Neuropsychopharmacologium (CINP) debated the status and prospects of biological markers for psychiatric disorders, focusing on schizophrenia and major depressive disorder
Prefrontal cortex shotgun proteome analysis reveals altered calcium homeostasis and immune system imbalance in schizophrenia
No full textSchizophrenia is a complex disease, likely to be caused by a combination of serial alterations in a number of genes and environmental factors. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann's Area 46) is involved in schizophrenia and executes high-level functions such as working memory, differentiation of conflicting thoughts, determination of right and wrong concepts and attitudes, correct social behavior and personality expression. Global proteomic analysis of post-mortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex samples from schizophrenia patients and non-schizophrenic individuals was performed using stable isotope labeling and shotgun proteomics. The analysis resulted in the identification of 1,261 proteins, 84 of which showed statistically significant differential expression, reinforcing previous data supporting the involvement of the immune system, calcium homeostasis, cytoskeleton assembly, and energy metabolism in schizophrenia. In addition a number of new potential markers were found that may contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of this complex disease
PROTEOME ANALYSES OF POST-MORTEMBRAIN TISSUE FROM PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA SUGGEST DYSFUNCTION OF OLIGODENDROCYTES AND ASTROCYTES AND POTENTIAL BIOMARKER CANDIDATES?
No full text- …
