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    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Propagazione e vivai

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    In Toscana sono presenti condizioni pedoclimatiche adatte al vivaismo viticolo. L'uso della pacciamatura, la meccanizzazione di alcune operazioni di campo, la conservazione e la forzatura dei materiali in appositi ambienti termoregolati, la coltivazione in vasetto, sono solo alcuni esempi delle innovazioni introdotte. Le attività avviate con la costituzione di TOS.CO.VIT (Associazione Toscana Costitutori Viticoli) mirano quindi alla valorizzazione del germoplasma selezionato in Toscana dalle Università di Pisa e Firenze e dai Consorzi di Tutela che operano sul territorio

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    In vivo inhibition of trans-plasma membrane electron transport by antiviral drugs in grapevine

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    Electrophysiological techniques were applied to investigate the action of antiviral drugs during trans-plasma events in in vivo grapevine cells infected by GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-3. Carbon fiber microelectrodes and redox-sensitive dyes were used to measure trans-plasma membrane electron transport (t-PMET) activity in healthy and infected samples treated with ribavirin, tiazofurin and oseltamivir. Each drug caused a reduction in oxidation current (expressed as Δ[Fe(2+)]) in healthy samples, indicating t-PMET inhibition. In almost all infected samples, the effect of drugs on t-PMET activity was significantly lower, suggesting that higher content of NADH in infected plants can interfere with t-PMET inhibition caused by drugs. Moreover, virus-infected samples exhibited elevated t-PMET activity compared to healthy samples. Analogous effects were observed by dye tests. Considering the effects of drugs on trans-plasma membrane potential, tests showed the activity of a proton pump during drug treatments with no significant difference with regard to health status

    Control of soil-borne diseases in tomato by use of steam and an exthermic reaction

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    In 2005-2006 we tested pre-planting treatments applied using a self-propelled soil steaming machine designed for the release of steam after incorporation in the soil of a substance that causes an exothermic reaction able to heat it to a mild but effective temperature x time product. Experiments were conducted in open-field conditions by assessing the effectiveness of steam and potassium hydroxide (KOH) against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici and Sclerotium rolfsii on tomato plants. The combination of steam and exothermic reaction chemicals reduced the incidence of Fusarium wilt (93.4-94.8%) better than steam only (77.8-81.2%); control of Sclerotium rolfsii was likewise better with KOH (86.7-87.7%) than with steam only (65.0-71.0%). The effects of treatments on microbial density, plant growth and weed control were evaluated. Treatments caused significant reductions in the number of Fusarium oxysporum colonies compared to the untreated control, an increase in Trichoderma spp. and no significant effects on total fungus and actinomycete density. Significant reduction in weeds (above 82.5%) and drastic increase in plant growth was recorded with the use of steam/exothermic reaction. With a milder steam application, the exothermic reaction acts for a slight increase in Tmax and, most of all, on time in temperature x time product, obtaining a disease control similar to drastic steam treatments
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