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Polimorfisme -173 G Ke C Gen Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor dengan Kadar Angiotensin II dan Macrophage Inhibitory Factor sebagai Faktor Risiko Sindrom Nefrotik Resisten Steroid
No full textBackground: Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) patients tend to progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The MIF high producer -173 C allele has been associated with alterations in balance between MIF and glucocorticoids; resulting in NS patients resistant to steroid therapy. In vitro studies demonstrate cytokine MIF is regulated by angiotensin II. Induction of MIF by angiotensin II affects the development of hypertension.
Aim:
Relationship MIF gene -173 C allele with the presence of serum MIF and plasma angiotensin II regulation for the individual SRNS is unknown.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 120 consecutive children consisting of three groups (steroid-resistant, steroid-sensitive, and well children) between November 2011 and September 2012. Data were collected consist of physical examinations, blood pressure, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio, allele of -173 gene MIF, serum MIF and plasma angiotensin II.
Results: The C allele was three times more frequent in SRNS than SSNS and well children (OR 2.79 95% CI 1.13 to 6.89). Group SRNS had significantly higher serum MIF (median 31.9 (14.3 to 117.2) ng/mL) compared to the levels in other groups (p=0.04). Marked increases in median plasma angiotensin II was observed in group SRNS (median 22.7 (3.1 to 153.4) pg/mL) compared with other groups (p=0.01). Plasma angiotensin II concentrations were very weak positive correlated with serum MIF (rho= 0.27; p=0.003). Although multivariate analysis found that the C allele, systolic and diastolic hypertension,as significant variables on the risk of SRNS, but variable levels plasma angiotensin II and serum MIF significantly affect variable hypertension, if not incorporated into this models.
Conclusions: C allele polymorphism of the -173 MIF gene, plasma angiotensin II and serum MIF concentrations, are higher in SRNS. The C allele, systolic and diastolic hypertension, levels of plasma angiotensin II and serum MIF are the best fit model for steroid-resistant analysis models.Latar belakang: Penderita sindroma nefrotik resisten steroid (SNRS) cenderung berlanjut ke penyakit ginjal tahap akhir. Alel C -173 gen MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor) berkaitan dengan gangguan keseimbangan sitokin MIF dengan glukokortikoid, sehingga penderita SN resisten terhadap terapi steroid. Studi in vitro menunjukkan sitokin MIF diatur oleh angiotensin II. Induksi regulasi MIF oleh angiotensin II memengaruhi perkembangan hipertensi.
Tujuan: Hubungan alel C -173 gen MIF dengan keberadaan MIF serum dan pengaturan oleh angiotensin II plasma pada individu SNRS belum diketahui.
Metode: Studi sekat lintang dilakukan pada 120 anak (steroid resisten, steroid sensitif dan anak sehat) sejak November 2011 hingga September 2012. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi pemeriksaan fisis, tekanan darah, rasio albumin kreatinin urin, alel G atau C -173 gen MIF, MIF serum, dan angiotensin II plasma.
Hasil: Frekuensi alel C tiga kali lebih tinggi pada SNRS dibandingkan dengan SNSS dan anak sehat (OR 2,79;IK 95% 1,13 sampai 6,89). Kadar MIF serum lebih tinggi pada SNRS (median 31,9 kisaran 14,3 sampai 117,2 ng/mL) dibandingkan dengan kedua grup lain (p=0,04). Kelompok SNRS menunjukkan kadar angiotensin II plasma (median 22,7 kisaran 3,1 sampai 153,4 pg/mL) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan grup lain (p=0,01). Korelasi angiotensin II plasma dengan MIF serum adalah korelasi positif yang sangat lemah (rho = 0,27; p=0.003). Pada analisis multivariat ditemukan bahwa alel C, hipertensi sistolik, dan diastolik sebagai variabel yang bermakna terhadap risiko SNRS. Variabel angiotensin II plasma dan MIF serum memengaruhi secara nyata terhadap variabel hipertensi, apabila tidak dimasukkan ke dalam model, sehingga tetap dipakai sebagai model terbaik.
Simpulan: Frekuensi alel C, kadar angiotensin II plasma, dan MIF serum lebih tinggi pada SNRS. Alel C, hipertensi sistolik, hipertensi diastolik, kadar angiotensin II plasma dan MIF serum merupakan model terbaik untuk analisis model keberadaan resisten steroid.140 HalamanDisertasi Dokto
Polimorfisme -173 G Ke C Gen Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor dengan Kadar Angiotensin II dan Macrophage Inhibitory Factor sebagai Faktor Risiko Sindrom Nefrotik Resisten Steroid
No full textBackground: Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) patients tend to progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The MIF high producer -173 C allele has been associated with alterations in balance between MIF and glucocorticoids; resulting in NS patients resistant to steroid therapy. In vitro studies demonstrate cytokine MIF is regulated by angiotensin II. Induction of MIF by angiotensin II affects the development of hypertension.
Aim:
Relationship MIF gene -173 C allele with the presence of serum MIF and plasma angiotensin II regulation for the individual SRNS is unknown.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 120 consecutive children consisting of three groups (steroid-resistant, steroid-sensitive, and well children) between November 2011 and September 2012. Data were collected consist of physical examinations, blood pressure, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio, allele of -173 gene MIF, serum MIF and plasma angiotensin II.
Results: The C allele was three times more frequent in SRNS than SSNS and well children (OR 2.79 95% CI 1.13 to 6.89). Group SRNS had significantly higher serum MIF (median 31.9 (14.3 to 117.2) ng/mL) compared to the levels in other groups (p=0.04). Marked increases in median plasma angiotensin II was observed in group SRNS (median 22.7 (3.1 to 153.4) pg/mL) compared with other groups (p=0.01). Plasma angiotensin II concentrations were very weak positive correlated with serum MIF (rho= 0.27; p=0.003). Although multivariate analysis found that the C allele, systolic and diastolic hypertension,as significant variables on the risk of SRNS, but variable levels plasma angiotensin II and serum MIF significantly affect variable hypertension, if not incorporated into this models.
Conclusions: C allele polymorphism of the -173 MIF gene, plasma angiotensin II and serum MIF concentrations, are higher in SRNS. The C allele, systolic and diastolic hypertension, levels of plasma angiotensin II and serum MIF are the best fit model for steroid-resistant analysis models.Latar belakang: Penderita sindroma nefrotik resisten steroid (SNRS) cenderung berlanjut ke penyakit ginjal tahap akhir. Alel C -173 gen MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor) berkaitan dengan gangguan keseimbangan sitokin MIF dengan glukokortikoid, sehingga penderita SN resisten terhadap terapi steroid. Studi in vitro menunjukkan sitokin MIF diatur oleh angiotensin II. Induksi regulasi MIF oleh angiotensin II memengaruhi perkembangan hipertensi.
Tujuan: Hubungan alel C -173 gen MIF dengan keberadaan MIF serum dan pengaturan oleh angiotensin II plasma pada individu SNRS belum diketahui.
Metode: Studi sekat lintang dilakukan pada 120 anak (steroid resisten, steroid sensitif dan anak sehat) sejak November 2011 hingga September 2012. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi pemeriksaan fisis, tekanan darah, rasio albumin kreatinin urin, alel G atau C -173 gen MIF, MIF serum, dan angiotensin II plasma.
Hasil: Frekuensi alel C tiga kali lebih tinggi pada SNRS dibandingkan dengan SNSS dan anak sehat (OR 2,79;IK 95% 1,13 sampai 6,89). Kadar MIF serum lebih tinggi pada SNRS (median 31,9 kisaran 14,3 sampai 117,2 ng/mL) dibandingkan dengan kedua grup lain (p=0,04). Kelompok SNRS menunjukkan kadar angiotensin II plasma (median 22,7 kisaran 3,1 sampai 153,4 pg/mL) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan grup lain (p=0,01). Korelasi angiotensin II plasma dengan MIF serum adalah korelasi positif yang sangat lemah (rho = 0,27; p=0.003). Pada analisis multivariat ditemukan bahwa alel C, hipertensi sistolik, dan diastolik sebagai variabel yang bermakna terhadap risiko SNRS. Variabel angiotensin II plasma dan MIF serum memengaruhi secara nyata terhadap variabel hipertensi, apabila tidak dimasukkan ke dalam model, sehingga tetap dipakai sebagai model terbaik.
Simpulan: Frekuensi alel C, kadar angiotensin II plasma, dan MIF serum lebih tinggi pada SNRS. Alel C, hipertensi sistolik, hipertensi diastolik, kadar angiotensin II plasma dan MIF serum merupakan model terbaik untuk analisis model keberadaan resisten steroid.140 HalamanDisertasi Dokto
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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