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INTERFERENSI FONETIK BAHASA SUNDA TERHADAP PELAFALAN KATA DALAM BAHASA JERMAN
Full text linkPenelitian ini didasari fenomena yang terjadi pada mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa Jerman FPBS UPI yang melafalkan beberapa kata dalam bahasa Jerman dengan menyamakan beberapa unsur pelafalan dalam bahasa Sunda. Hal tersebut menyebabkan terjadinya interferensi pada pelafalan kata dalam bahasa Jerman. Interferensi merupakan proses penyerapan kaidah kebahasaan yang disebabkan karena penutur menggap sama beberapa unsur yang terdapat pada bahasa pertama dan bahasa kedua. Bentuk interferensi yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah interferensi fonetik, yaitu interferensi yang tidak membedakan makna dari kata yang dilafalkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan hal-hal berikut: 1) kesalahan pelafalan yang dilakukan mahasiswa, 2) kesalahan pelafalan yang disebabkan oleh interferensi bahasa Sunda, 3) bentuk kesalahan pelafalan yang disebabkan oleh interferensi bahasa Sunda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif, sedangkan instrumennya adalah kuesioner dan kalimat-kalimat sederhana yang diambil dari bahan ajar Studio d A1, A2, B1 dan Aspekte Mittelstufe B1. Teknik pengambilan data yang digunakan terdiri dari teknik rekam dan catat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa melakukan kesalahan dalam melafalkan fonem-fonem berikut: /f/, /v/, /pf/, /ʃ/, /ʏ/, /œ/, /a/, /’v/, /o:/, /ɐ/ /z/, /y/. Pada fonem-fonem tertentu, penutur bahasa Sunda cenderung melakukan bentuk interferensi dengan mentransfer sistem bunyi bahasa Sunda ke dalam bahasa Jerman pada saat melafalkan fonem /f/, /v/, /ʃ/, dan /‘v/. Bentuk interferensi lainnya berupa pengintegrasian fonem seperti pada kata /klopfendes/ bunyi /pf/ dileburkan menjadi satu bentuk bunyi yakni bunyi /p/; penghilangan fonem /k/ pada kata /Knie/ yang menjadi /ni:/ dan penghilangan fonem /p/ pada /Psyche/ menjadi /syche/. Interferensi kebanyakan terjadi pada bunyi konsonan. Dari temuan penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa banyak mahasiswa yang melakukan kesalahan pelafalan kata bahasa Jerman sebagai bentuk interferensi fonetik bahasa Sunda.---------- This study is based on the phenomenon of German Education Students in UPI who recite a few words in German by equating some elements of pronunciation in Sundanese. This causes the results in interference with pronunciation of German Words. Interference is the process of transfer of linguistic rules caused by speakers who consider that some of the elements contained in the native language the same one with the element of target language. The interference form, that meaned in this study is the interference in phonetic level. This study aims to describe the following: 1) the mispronunciation of words by students, 2) the mispronunciation caused by the interference of Sundanese, and 3) the form of pronunciation error caused by the interference of Sundanese. This study used descriptive analysis Method, and the instrument that used in this study were questionnaire and simple sentences taken from teaching materials Studio d A1, A2, B1 and Aspekte Mittelstufe B1. The data collection technique used in this study consisted of record technique and note. The results showed that students made a mistake in reciting the following phonemes: /f/, /v/, /pf/, /ʃ/, /ʏ/, /œ/, /a/, /'v/, /o:/, /ɐ/ /z/, /y/. Sundanese speakers tend to transfer the Sundanese sound system into German in reciting the phoneme as in the phoneme composed of the following phonemes which are the Sundanese phonemes from other foreign language: /f/, /v/, /ʃ/, and /’v/. Other forms of interference are: 1) the integration of phonemes such as on the word /klopfendes/, sound /pf/ merged into one form, that’s sound of /p/ 2) phonems removal such as consonant of ‘k’ on the word /Knie/ that’s not pronounced. The speaker just prounounced sound of /ni:/. Consonant sound changes were found to be more numerous than other forms of interference. From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that many students make mistakes pronunciation of the German language as a form of Sundanese phonetic interference
PHONETIC INTERFERENCE OF SUNDANESE TO PRONUNCIATION OF GERMAN WORDS
No full textThis study is based on the phenomenon of Students who recite a few words in German by equating some elements of pronunciation in Sundanese. This causes the results in interference with pronunciation of German Words. The interference form in this study is the interference in phonetic level. This study aims to describe the following: 1) the mispronunciation of words by students, 2) the mispronunciation caused by the interference of Sundanese, and 3) the form of pronunciation error caused by the interference of Sundanese. This study used descriptive analysis method, and the instrument that used in this study were questionnaire and simple sentences taken from teaching materials Studio d A1, A2, B1 and Aspekte Mittelstufe B1. The data collection technique used in this study consisted of record technique and note. The results showed that students made a mistake in reciting the following phonemes: /f/, /v/, /pf/, /ʃ/, /ʏ/, /œ/, /a/, /'v/, /o:/, /ɐ/ /z/, /y/. Sundanese speakers tend to transfer the Sundanese sound system into German in reciting the phoneme as in the phoneme composed of the following phonemes which are the Sundanese phonemes from other foreign language: /f/, /v/, /ʃ/, and /’v/. Consonant sound changes were found to be more numerous than other forms of interference. From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that many students make mistakes pronunciation of the German language as a form of Sundanese phonetic interference
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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