1,721,061 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Potencial alelopático da cultura do girassol (Helianthus annuus L.)
Get PDFThe sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is a vegetal species of great commercial interest and it's known for presenting elevated allelochemical production, being itself a source of sesquiterpens and other compounds of recognized biological activity.This project proposes to evaluate the allelopathic effect of the sunflower culture. The first experiment evaluated, through the relay seeding technique, the allelopathic effect of the sunflower culture upon different species of both weed and cultivated plants.The second experiment sought to evaluate the differential capacity of 23 sunflower genotypes in the development of Bidens spp. plants, using the relay seeding technique. The third experiment carried out at a greenhouse evaluated the allelopathical potential of the mulching in different levels: 0, 1.649, 3.298, 6.596 e 13.192 Kg.ha-1 of fodder upon the soil. The fourth experiment (3x5x2) made use of three sunflower genotypes, distributed in five time intervals of mulching upon the soil (60, 30, 15, 10 and 5 days before the seeding of the receptive species, Bidens spp., being two of the mulching levels upon the soil: 3.298 e 13.192 Kg.ha-1. It has also counted with an untreated, soil that didn't receive any mulching. The first experiment, conducted in the laboratory, points out to the relay seeding technique, which uses sunflower plants as a donating species, as an adequate technique to detect stimulating or inhibitory effects. In the second experiment, it was seen a great variability as to the germination, root and shoot growth of the species Bidens spp., because of the allelopathical potential of 23 sunflower genotypes. Through a pondered average, it was identified the Aguará 4 genotype as being of the greatest allelopathical potential and the AG 972 genotype, as of smallest potential. In the third experiment, it was seen that the increasing of sunflower mulching on the soil surface, despite of the genotype used, until 13.192 Kg.ha-1provoked a significant reduction in the percentage of emergence, rate of emergence speed, length of the aerial part and root of the Bidens spp. plant. However, there have not been found any significant differences between sunflower genotypes for these standards. In the fourth experiment, using mulching residues, the data didn't allow us to determine the allelopathical differences between the three tested genotypes. Mostly, the combination of time intervals between 15 days and 13.192 Kg.ha-1 of mulching was responsible for the greatest inhibitory effects upon the Bidens spp. plants. The analysis of nitrogen levels in the soil indicate that probably the imobilization of nitrogen is not the cause of inhibitory effects of sunflower straw upon Bidens spp.O girassol é uma espécie conhecida por apresentar elevada produção de aleloquímicos, sendo fonte de sequisterpenóides e de outros compostos com atividade biológica conhecida. Quatro experimentos, em delineamento completamente casualizado e arranjados em fatorial, tiveram o objetivo principal de avaliar a capacidade alelopática da cultura do girassol. O primeiro experimento, em laboratório, utilizou a técnica de semeadura em substituição, para identificar espécies daninhas e cultivadas que pudessem ser utilizadas como alvo dos efeitos alelopáticos do girassol. O segundo experimento, também em laboratório, utilizando a mesma técnica, avaliou a capacidade diferencial de 23 genótipos de girassol em interferir no desenvolvimento de plântulas de Bidens spp. O terceiro experimento, em casa-de-vegetação, avaliou o potencial de supressão da germinação e crescimento de Bidens spp. através do uso de cinco níveis de palha de três genótipos de girassol sobre o solo. O quarto experimento, também em casa-de-vegetação, avaliou o efeito de cinco intervalos de permanência (60, 30, 15, 10 e 5 dias antes da semeadura) de dois níveis de palha (3.298 e 13.192 Kg.ha-1) produzidos por três genótipos de girassol, sobre a germinação e crescimento de Bidens spp. Contou também com a testemunha sem palha sobre o solo. O primeiro experimento demonstrou que a técnica de semeadura em substituição é adequada para detectar efeitos estimulatórios ou inibitórios de girassol e identificou espécies alvo com potencial para testar efeitos alelopáticos. No segundo experimento, constatou-se grande variabilidade entre os 23 genótipos de girassol quanto à interferência sobre a germinação e o crescimento de Bidens spp. Através de média ponderada, classificou-se os genótipos Aguará 4 e AG 972 como sendo, respectivamente, o mais e menos inibitório para Bidens spp. O terceiro experimento constatou que o incremento dos níveis de palha de girassol na superfície do solo, independentemente do genótipo utilizado, até o nível de 13.192 Kg.ha-1, provoca redução significativa no percentual de emergência e índice de velocidade de emergência Bidens spp.. O quarto experimento não identificou, para a maioria das variáveis, diferenças entre os três genótipos testados. Em geral, a combinação de período de deposição de 15 dias e 13.192 Kg.ha-1 de palha foi responsável pelos maiores efeitos inibitórios sobre as plantas de Bidens spp. A análise dos níveis de nitrato e amônio no solo indicam que provavelmente a imobilização do N do solo não é a causa dos efeitos inibitórios da palha de girassol sobre Bidens spp
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Eficiência agronômica e comportamento de formulações de atrazina com taxas distintas de liberação em latossolo vermelho distroférrico
No full textA atrazina (2-cloro-4-etilamino-6-isopropilamino-striazina) é um herbicida
mundialmente utilizado no controle de plantas daninhas, com potencial para
contaminar águas subterrâneas e prejudicar culturas sensíveis em sucessão. O uso de formulações de liberação lenta de atrazina poderia se constituir estratégia mitigadora do impacto ambiental e contribuir para a melhoria da eficiência de controle de plantas daninhas. Com o objetivo de determinar o comportamento ambiental e a eficiência agronômica de formulação de atrazina com liberação lenta (xerogel), comparando-a com formulação comercial, foram realizados um experimento a campo e três bioensaios em casa de vegetação. O experimento a campo foi implantado com a cultura do milho, utilizando-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas, em um esquema (2 x 6) + 4. Nas
parcelas principais foram locadas as formulações (atrazina WG e atrazina xerogel),
e nas subparcelas as concentrações de atrazina (0, 3200, 3600, 4200, 5400 e 8000
g ha-1), com acréscimo de quatro parcelas testemunha capinadas. Amostras de solo
foram coletadas nas parcelas com 8000 g ha-1 para realização de bioensaios em casa de vegetação para avaliação da persistência e lixiviação das formulações. Nos bioensaios, o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado. No experimento a campo, avaliou-se a densidade e o controle visual de plantas daninhas e o rendimento de grãos de milho. Nos bioensaios, as principais variáveis avaliadas foram estatura, fitotoxicidade, massas de planta verde e seca. No primeiro bioensaio, selecionou-se a espécie cultivada mais adequada para utilização em testes para determinação da lixiviação e persistência das formulações de atrazina. No experimento a campo, a formulação WG exerceu maior controle de B.
plantaginea que xerogel nas avaliações de mais precoces, mas nas avaliações mais
tardias a atrazina xerogel foi mais eficiente. Não ocorreram diferenças de
rendimento de grãos de milho entre as formulações e doses testadas. O grau de
sensibilidade à atrazina variou de acordo com a espécie: quiabo e ervilha apresentaram pequena sensibilidade; aveia e trigo apresentaram nível intermediário e tomate e rabanete o mais alto nível de sensibilidade à presença de atrazina no solo. A biodisponibilização de atrazina ao solo variou em função do tempo e da formulação: até 5 dias após a aplicação, a disponibilização com a formulação
xerogel foi maior; no período entre 14 e 28 dias, a biodisponibilização por atrazina
WG foi superior à por xerogel; aos 35 dias após a aplicação, xerogel proporcionou
maior atrazina ao solo do que WG. A meia vida foi de 30 e 38 dias, para atrazina
WG e atrazina xerogel, respectivamente. Maior concentração de atrazina foi encontrada na superfície do solo (0 a 4 cm), nas duas formulações. Porém, a quantificação de atrazina por bioensaio indicou maior concentração da formulação WG entre 2 e 4 cm, em contraste com o resultado da análise cromatográfica, que indicou maior concentração da formulação xerogel.Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamine-6-isopropylamine-striazina) is an herbicide used worldwide to control weeds with potential to contaminate groundwater and harm sensitive crops in succession. The use of controlled release formulations of atrazine could be a strategy to mitigate environmental impact and contribute to improving the efficiency of weed control with atrazine. Aiming to determine the environmental performance and agronomic efficiency of atrazine formulation of controlled release (xerogel), compared with the commercial formulation were conducted one experiment in the field and three bioassays in greenhouse. The field experiment was implemented with the corn, using randomized blocks design, with split plots in a scheme (2 x 6) + 4. In the main plots were located formulations (atrazine xerogel and WG), and in sub-plots the atrazine concentrations (0, 3200, 3600, 4200, 5400 and 8000 g ha-1), with four additional control plots weeded. Soil samples were collected from each plot with 8000 g ha-1 for bioassays in the greenhouse to evaluate the persistence and leaching of the formulations. The experimental designs of bioassays were completely randomized. In the field experiment, we evaluated the density and visual control of weeds and yield of maize. In bioassays, the main variables were height, phytotoxicity, green and dry plant mass. In the first bioassay was selected cultivated species most suitable for use in tests to determine the persistence and leaching of atrazine formulations. In the field experiment, the formulation WG produced greater control of B. plantaginea than xerogel in earlier assessments, but in later assessments atrazine xerogel was more effective. There were no differences in grain yield of maize between the formulations and doses tested. The degree of sensitivity to atrazine varied according to species: okra and peas showed little sensitivity; oats and wheat had an intermediate; radish and tomato had the highest level of sensitivity to the presence of atrazine in soil. The bioavailability of atrazine to soil varied depending on the time and formulation: until 5 days after application, atrazine disponibility by xerogel formulation was higher and in period between 14 and 28 days, the bioavailability of atrazine by WG was higher than by xerogel; 35 days after application, atrazine xerogel showed higher disponibility than the WG. The half-life was 30 and 38 days for atrazine WG and xerogel, respectively. Higher concentrations of atrazine were found in surface soil (0-4 cm) in two formulations. However, the quantification of atrazine by bioassay indicated a greater concentration of WG formulation between 2 and 4 cm, in contrast with the results of chromatographic analysis, which indicated a greater concentration of the xerogel formulation
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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