1,720,968 research outputs found
Considerations on user identity within metaverse environments
No full textThe metaverse concept presents an immersive three-dimensional
space for interpersonal connections, where people can socialize,
learn, do business, and complete other activities. It is a digital system
with its own economy, technological properties, and sensory and
behavioral domains. While discourses often focus on the technological
and economic feasibility of the metaverse, less is said about the
implications for human identity. Identity in the metaverse is an
amalgam of self-representation, branding, and behaviors, but is also
dependent on technological features. This paper analyzes user
identity in terms of behaviors and personal data collection and
possible misuse. As such, it highlights technological, ethical, and
psychological dilemmas and potential solutions before the realization
of the metaverse or similar interoperable virtual networks. Specifically,
we discuss questions regarding the representation of human
identities, the collection and reuse of personal data, and the use of AI
models for customizing user experiences. Based on our assessment of
these, we propose a legal and ethical foundation for users and
developers of the metaverse. Rather than averting future
developments in technologies and use practices, our objective is to
highlight elements where the protection of users and their
experiences requires particular attention
The Art of Failure in Robotics: Queering the (Un)Making of Success and Failure in the Companion Robot Laboratory
No full textThis article investigates an emerging class of contemporary machines: the robot companion. It is introduced as a robot that will accompany ‘us’ in ‘our’ human everyday lives. This article analyzes one example of how robot companionship is realized while querying how this realization might imply a change in how ‘we’ conceive of human/machine relations. Drawing on central insights into the making of the humanoid Armar, the author develops an approach to emerging human/machine relations through affects, more precisely through the affective strategies and affective labors taking place in the robotics laboratory. She furthermore suggests taking a posthumanist perspective on the analysis, which entails becoming attentive to the intra-active co-production between human and machine. Importantly, this also allows her to tweak the powerful differentiation between success and failure at work in this specific setting, the robotics laboratory. How can ‘we’ rethink human/machine relations of humanlike interaction through queering success and failure at the robot/human interface? Finally, the author suggests establishing an understanding of laboratory work on the project of the humanlike companion that takes into account the queering potential of failure – centrally by emphasizing the interweaving of knowing and affects, rather than neglecting their connection. At stake seems to be the possibility to develop visions of how to turn the capitalist endeavor of increasing rationalizations of ‘human everyday lives’ into a more responsible and accountable practice of technologization that takes into account the largely neglected dimensions of human/machine relations beyond the success/failure binary.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Review of: Eva Sänger, Malaika Rödel (Hg.): Biopolitik und Geschlecht. Zur Regulierung des Lebendigen. Münster: Verlag Westfälisches Dampfboot 2012.
No full textDas Konzept der Biopolitik als Machtmechanik politischer Techniken des Regiert-Werdens und des Sich-Selbst-Regierens erscheint prädestiniert, um das gesellschaftliche Potential lebenswissenschaftlicher Innovationen und Möglichkeiten auszuloten. Dementsprechend wird in dem Band die Gouvernementalität von Biopolitiken aus geschlechtertheoretischer Perspektive entlang gesellschaftlich aktueller Themen, anhand derer sich biopolitische Machttechniken artikulieren, analysiert. Damit werden nicht nur zentrale gesellschaftliche Themen aufgegriffen, sondern ebenso die queere und feministische Theoriebildung konzeptuell bereichert.The concept of biopolitics as mechanics of power for political techniques of being governed and of governing oneself seems predestined for exploring the social potential of life scientific innovations and possibilities. Consequently, this volume analyzes the governmentality of biopolitics from a gendertheoretical perspective along current societal topics, which express biopolitical techniques of power. In doing so, it not only addresses central societal topics, but also conceptually enhances queer and feminist theorizing
Robotic Knitting
Full text linkAs a reaction to typically dead-end debates on future human and robot collaboration that tend to be either dismissive or overly welcoming towards »cobot« technologies, this book provides a technofeminist intervention. Pat Treusch not only shows how both the fields of technofeminism and robotics can engage in a practical exchange through knitting, but also contributes a tangible example of coboting dynamics. Robotic Knitting re-negotiates the boundaries between formalisation and embodiment, craft and high-tech as well as useful and dysfunctional machines. It re-crafts the nature of collaboration between human and robot. This finally entails an alternative mode of relating - a mode that enables an account of careful coboting
Human/machine Learning: Becoming Responsible for Learning Cultures of Digital Technologies
Full text linkThis paper centrally asks for the ways in which ubiquitous, ever new digital technologies of 'our' everyday lives transform learning at the digital human-machine interface from the perspective of feminist science and technology studies. How to account for emerging forms of interwoven human and machine learning? Suggesting the term of learning cultures in approaching this question, the paper emphasizes an understanding of learning not as a proficiency of an entity embodying either natural or artificial intelligence, but rather as a culturally situated and materially enacted process. In so doing, the paper brings together recent impulses that suggest a re-conceptualization of learning, e.g. through the notion of "machine learners" (Mackenzie 2017) or that of "posthuman learning (Hasse 2018)". Reading these insights together, I will finally suggest an account of becoming responsible for learning cultures of digital technologies through a reconsidered notion of interwoven human/machine learning
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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