261 research outputs found
“Non canis, sed homo”: Menschenwürde und Ehre in der Naturrechtslehre Samuel Pufendorfs
No full textThe aim of the author, in this essay, is to analyze the concept of hu¬man dignity and its difference from that of honour in Samuel Pufendorf’s Natural Law theory.
Human dignity is - according to this philosopher - the moral basis of sociality as the fundamental proposition of his Natural Law. More precisely, the concept of dignitas individui is based on the comparison between man and animal. And what distinguishes the former from the latter within this comparison is the disposition of man to be ethically hound, i.e. to do one’s own duly ori condition of reciprocity. Moreover, from the subjective point of view human dignity is characterized by the feeling of self-esteem.
On the contrary Pufendorf defines the honour as a moral entity, and more exactly as the “moral quantity” (quantitas moralis), through which individuals are compared and valued in social life
Problem of expressing meaning in the prose of Vanda Juknaitė
No full textStraipsnyje bandoma išryškinti Vandos Juknaitės siekį savo proza formuoti atsvarą griaunančios, neigiančios jėgos kupinai šiuolaikinei lietuvių literatūrai. Pagrindinis šios autorės kūriniuose besiveriantis klausimas – kas gali padėti gniuždantį tuštumos jausmą išgyvenančiam žmogui, už ko jis gali laikytis, kai šis tuštumos jausmas atsigręžia prieš jį patį savo destruktyvia jėga? Straipsniu taip pat bandoma nusakyti pagrindines Juknaitės prozos kategorijas – žmogaus ryšį su kitu žmogumi, dialogą ir šias kategorijas apimančią kalbą, jos kaitą, tikrovės ir fikcijos santykį. Svarbi ir autorės intencija, tikrovės fragmentą paverčianti grožine literatūra Reikšminiai žodžiai: Dialogas; Egzistencija; Intencija; Kalba; Kalbos ribos; Tikrovė ir fikcija; Dialogue; Dialoque; Existence; Intention; Language; Limits of language; Reality and fictionThe article seeks to highlight the striving of Vanda Juknaitės prose fiction to shape a counterbalance to modern Lithuanian literature which is full of destructive and negating power. The most significant questions posed in the works of the author are the following: who can help a person experiencing an excruciating feeling of emptiness? What can he or she hold on to, when this feeling of emptiness hits with all its destructive force? Also, the article attempts to outline the main prose categories of Vanda Juknaitė, i.e. the relation of a human with another human being, the dialogue and the language, which embraces those categories; constant quests for a new language, the relationship between reality and fiction. Great attention is paid to the most recent works of Vanda Juknaitė that are based on the reality of life, which, thanks to the intentions of the author, turn into fictio
Author’s intentions or the essays by Vanda Juknaitė
No full textStraipsnyje analizuojama Vandos Juknaitės Nepriklausomybės pirmojo dešimtmečio publicistika. Laikomasi nuostatos, kad publicistikos faktiškasis ir aksiologinis lygmenys, jų suponuojama prasmė tiesiogiai susiję su autoriaus intencijomis, kurias paneigė formaliosiomis teorijomis paženklinta XX amžiaus antroji pusė. Juknaitės publicistinių straipsnių interpretacija nesiekia rekonstruoti nei pirminės intencijos, nei pirminių prasmių. Tokia rekonstrukcija, pasak Hanso Georgo Gadamerio, būtų sterili reikšmės komunikacija. Teksto prasmė neapsiriboja autoriaus intencijomis, ji remiasi pokalbio, klausimo ir atsakymo dialektika, leidžiančia iš dabarties laiko užklausti istorinį laiką, arba praeitį. Tokiam pokalbiui kalba besiverianti autoriaus intencija tampa nuoroda. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Hermeneutika; Intencija; Kontekstas; Lietuvių publicistika; Prasmė; Publicistika, autorius, intencija, hermeneutika, prasmė, kontekstas; Rašytoja Vanda Juknaitė; 20 amžius; 20th century the end; Essay, the Author, Intentions, Hermeneutics, the Meaning, Context; Hermeneutics; Lithuanian journalism; The context; The intention; The meaning; Writer Vanda JuknaitėThe article discusses the essays by Vanda Juknaitė written during the first decade of independence. The analysis is based on the premise that the factual and axiological levels of an essay and the meaning it creates are directly related to author’s intentions which were refuted by the second half of the 20th century marked by theories of formalism. The interpretation of Juknaitės’ essays does not seek to reconstruct the original intention of the author nor primary meanings. According to Hans Georg Gadamer, such a reconstruction would communicate a sterile meaning. The meaning of the text is not limited to author’s intentions; it rests on the conversation, the dialectics of a question and an answer that enables us from today’s perspective to ask about historical time or the past. In such conversation author’s intentions seen through the language becomes a reference
Profesorė Vanda Zaborskaitė: kodėl klasika?
No full textVanda Zaborskaitė (1922–2010) was a famous literary critic and the author of a fundamental monograph about the prominent Lithuanian poet Jonas Mačiulis-Maironis (Maironis, 1968, 1987). Vanda Zaborskaitė wrote during the period of Soviet occupation, when Marxist criticism was obligatory. She used the sociological method as interpreted by Marxism, but she never accepted its philosophical determinism. She considered it important to put a literary work in the contextual frame of the literary history; however, she did not accept the view according to which literature is ruled by the laws of the social and cultural history. The philosophical position of Vanda Zaborskaitė was modernisation of the classical literary criticism, which is a tradition of the literary study sourced from the times of Aristotle’s Poetics. A characteristic of this tradition is reliance on the deep ordered structures observed in literary works. Vanda Zaborskaitė investigated such deep literary structures (images and their constellations) as codes of individual artistic self-awareness. In the opinion of the researcher, the pinnacles of literary art are those works which, by employing aesthetic persuasion, interpret the classical ideas of the Western world: the ideas of the absolute value of the personality, freedom, and the primate of the spirit. Professor Vanda Zaborskaitė researched the Lithuanian classic authors during the years of Soviet occupation, and did this in such a way that her works promoted the classical literature along with the classical values.Vanda Zaborskaitė (1922–2010) – iškili literatūrologė, habilituota humanitarinių mokslų daktarė ir literatūros profesorė, paskelbusi fundamentalų veikalą apie Joną Mačiulį-Maironį (Maironis, 1968, 1987), poezijos interpretacijų knygą Eilėraščio menas (1965, 2002), vadovėlių vidurinėms ir aukštosioms mokykloms, sudariusi svarią verstinę estetikos ir literatūros teorijos antologiją Poetika ir literatūros estetika (I d. 1978, II d. 1989), išleidusi straipsnių rinkinį Tarp praeities ir dabarties (2002) ir kt. Zaborskaitė rinkosi tirti lietuvių literatūros klasikos kūrinius. Šiuo straipsniu aiškinamasi tyrėjos filosofinės prielaidos ir klasikos pasirinkimo motyvacija. Atsakymų ieškoma pirmiausia Zaborskaitės tekstuose. Daroma išvada, kad Zaborskaitės pasirinkimą tirti klasiką didele dalimi motyvuoja jos kaip tyrėjos vertybinė pozicija ir literatūros samprata. Literatūrą mokslininkė suvokė kaip meninę žmogaus ir pasaulio apmąstymo formą ir moderniai (atsižvelgdama į naujosios kritikos, fenomenologinės hermeneutikos principus) saugojo meno kūrinio autonomiją. Dėmesio centre laikydama literatūros kūrinį, Zaborskaitė siekė tirti kūrinio ir jo prasmę aiškinančių kontekstų visumą; tyrinėdama literatūros kontekstus, žvelgė ne tik į jų poveikį literatūrai, bet ir priešinga kryptimi – kaip literatūra veikia neliteratūrinę tikrovę. Literatūros meno viršūnėmis tyrėja laikė kūrinius, kurie su estetine įtaiga interpretuoja klasikines Vakarų pasaulio idėjas: asmenybės absoliutaus vertingumo, laisvės, dvasios primato suvokimą. Klasikines laiko patikrintas vertybes Zaborskaitė suvokė kaip likimiškai svarbias individo dvasios ir tautos kultūros būčiai. Šias vertybes interpretuojančią literatūrą ji savo tyrinėjimais propagavo sovietmečiu ir saugojo nuo nuvertinimo Lietuvai atkūrus Nepriklausomybę
Picture of MOTHER Based on Selected Writings of Vanda Juknaitė
No full textThe article provides the analysis of the linguistic picture of mother in contemporary Lithuanian literature. The analysis is based on the writings of contemporary Lithuanian writer Vanda Juknaitė, namely on her novella Stiklo šalis (‘Land of Glass’) and novel Šermenys (‘Funeral’). The research is carried out using cognitive linguistics methodology and the description of linguistic worldview in texts. Through multiple aspects and meanings, fragility, the author shows the real view of mother, with all her weaknesses and dark sides. mother is called using a very general word woman , which probably highlights the importance of maternity in each woman’s life. mother takes no care of her appearance: looks tired, dark, and sad. Her psychological world is full of contrasts; she is strong and weak, decisive and reluctant, brave and timid at the same time. However, she features very strong relations (both physical and psychological) with her child. The analysis of Juknaitė’s idiolect has shown that the author provides no idealised picture of mother
Psychomotor and speech development physically handicapped persons
No full textTITLE: Psychomotor and speech development physically handicapped persons AUTHOR: Markéta Dvořáková DEPARTMENT: Department of special education SUPERVISOR: doc. PaedDr. Vanda Hájková, Ph.D. ABSTRACT: In my bachelor's thesis I focus on the issue of cerebral palsy and deviations of psychomotoric and speech developement associated with this condition. First, I'll describe in theory psychomotoric and speech developement of intact children aged from newborns to school age. In the second part I'll focus on psychomotoric deviations and particular forms of speech disorders compared with the children's peer group. In my practical part I focus on assessing the influence of the condition on the acceptance of the children to a school facility, whether the symptomatic speech disorders associated with cerebral palsy affect learning abilities, and finding out parent's opinions on thein childrern's employment and future career. KEYWORDS: Cerebral palsy, psychomotoric development, speech developmen
Crimp in socialization of people with cerebral palsy
No full textTITLE: Crimp in socialization of people with cerebral palsy AUTHOR: Lucie Falcníková DEPARTMENT: Department of Special Education SUPERVISOR: doc. PaedDr. Vanda Hájková, Ph.D. ABSTRACT: The work is aimed at integration of people with disabilities into society. The aimis to capture and describe one of the most important parts in everyone's lives -integration not only in the class group but also approximation to the socialization into a whole society. The thesis is dividend into two parts.There are theoretical and practical parts. In the theoretical part we can find definitiv of cerebral palsy, its causes, incidence and forms. We also deal with socialization in different areas, whitch most affect the lives of respondents. The last komponent of the theoretical part is the isme of communication of children with cerebral palsy. The practical part describes the methods and results of research which captures socialization of respondents, especially thein perception of socialization. There search methodis a structured interview with open questions. KEYWORDS: Cerebralpalsy, dysarthria, socializationofthechildwithdisabilities, disabiliti, barrier
Availability of Critical Drugs in Czech Republic - Supply Chain Resilience and Dependence
No full textNázev práce: Dostupnost kritických léků v ČR - závislost a odolnost dodavatelských řetězců Řešitel: Bc. Jakub Linhart Vedoucí práce: prof. RNDr. Vanda Boštíková, Ph.D. Diplomová práce Fakulta sociálních věd Univerzity Karlovy, Katedra bezpečnostních studií Praha 2023 Abstrakt Pandemie SARS-Cov-2 poukázala na křehkost dodavatelských řetězců ve farmaceutickém průmyslu. První výzkumná otázka této práce se týká umístění výrobních kapacit vybraných kritických léků. Léky byly vybrány na základě zdravotního stavu obyvatelstva a prevalence častých onemocnění. Druhá výzkumná otázka se týká připravenosti bezpečnostního systému na narušení dodávek léčiv velkého rozsahu. V práci autor čerpal z expertních rozhovorů a z otevřených zdrojů. Dalším klíčovým zdrojem byla data poskytnutá Státním ústavem pro kontrolu léčiv a Institutem ochrany obyvatelstva Lázně Bohdaneč. Výsledky práce poukazují na velice významnou indickou a čínskou produkci u vybraných kritických léků s tím, že se objevují výrazné rozdíly mezi jednotlivými léky. Na základě výsledků práce autor shledal nedostatky v krizové připravenosti u hrozby narušení dodávek léčiv velkého rozsahu.Thesis title: Availability of critical medicines in the Czech Republic - dependence and resilience of supply chains Author: Jakub Linhart Thesis supervisor: prof. RNDr. Vanda Boštíková, Ph.D. Master thesis Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Department of Security Studies Department of Security Studies, Faculty of Security Studies, Charles University Prague 2023 Abstract The SARS-Cov-2 pandemic has highlighted the fragility of supply chains in the pharmaceutical industry. The first research question of this thesis concerns the location of manufacturing capacity for selected critical drugs. The drugs were selected based on the health status of the population and the prevalence of common diseases. The second research question concerns the preparedness of the security system for large-scale disruptions in the supply of pharmaceuticals. In this paper, the author drew on expert interviews and open sources. Another key source was data provided by the State Institute for Drug Control and the Institute of Population Protection of Lázně Bohdaneč. The results of the thesis indicate a substantial Indian and Chinese production for the selected critical drugs, with significant differences between the drugs. Based on the results of the thesis, the author found shortcomings in crisis preparedness for the...Katedra bezpečnostních studiíDepartment of Security StudiesFakulta sociálních vědFaculty of Social Science
Improvisation on the topic of the author of factual literature
No full textŽodžių junginys „teksto analizės laboratorija“ talpina savyje sudėtingą literatūros ir literatūros mokslo bei kritikos santykių sistemą. Literatūrologija puoselėja vilt j, kad technologinė instrumentinė kalba suteikia jai teisę vadintis mokslu. Technologinis progresas ir humanistiką kreipia į technokratinį mąstymą. Postmodernios recepcijos teorijos visas teises teksto atžvilgiu suteikia ekspertui, eliminuodamos iš literatūrinio žaidimo autorių. Fakto literatūra iš naujo sureikšmina autoriaus teises į kūrinį. Be autoriaus figūros „Dievų miško“ sarkastiška ironija tampa moraliai problemiška. Kodėl autorius juokiasi iš tokių dalykų, iš kurių nesijuokia net didžiausi cinikai? Akivaizdu viena, jei „Dievų miško“ autorius pats nebūtų buvęs Štuthofo kalinys, mes visiškai kitaip skaitytume šį tekstą. Konclageryje išsitrina ribos tarp gyvybės ir mirties. Skirties tarp gyvo ir mirusio išnykimas apsprendžia nužmoginimo esmę. Balio Sruogos sarkazmas adresuotas ne kokiam ideologiniam fanatikui, o pramoninio tvarkymosi su nepageidaujamais asmenimis laboratorijos meistrui, pačiam modernybės velniui, traktuojančiam žmones kaip daiktus. Drastiškas literatūrinės ir neliteratūrinės tikrovės ryšys padaro autorių būtinu literatūrinio proceso dalyviu. Šiuo konkrečiu atveju autoriaus figūra sužmogina nužmogintą situaciją. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Autoriaus funkcija; Autorius; Fabrikas; Fakto literatūra; Funkcija; Konclageris; Laboratorija; Nužmoginti; Sužmoginti; Author; Death camp; Dehumanise; Dehumanize; Factory; Factual literature; Function; Humanise; Humanize; LaboratoryCombination of words "text analysis laboratory" entails a complex system of relations between literature and the science and critique of literature. The science of literature enshrines the hope that technological-instrumental language entitles it to call itself a science. Technological progress directs humanism towards technocratic thinking also. Postmodern reception theories grant all rights over the text to the expert, eliminating the author from the literary game. Factual literature re-renders significance of the author to the creative work. Without the figure of the author, the sarcastic irony of "Dievų miškas" (The Forest of Gods) becomes morally problematic. Why is the author laughing at the things even the most vicious critics do not dare to do? One thing is obvious: we would be reading this text completely differently, if we didn't know that the author of "Dievų miškas" was once a prisoner in Stutthof. The limits between life and death are erased in a death camp. And the disappearance of the distinction between the living and the dead defines the essence of dehumanization. The sarcasm of Balys Sruoga is not addressed to some ideological fanatics, but to the master of the laboratory who deals with undesirables industrially, the very devil of modernity who treats people like things. The drastic relation between literary and non-literary reality makes the author an indispensable part of the literary process. In this specific case, the figure of the author returns humanity to an inhuman situation
Ratio of fact and fiction in the work "My Voice Betrays Me" by Vanda Juknaitė
No full textStraipsnyje, pasitelkus fakto ir išmonės kategorijas, analizuojamas Vandos Juknaitės kūrinys „Išsiduosi. Balsu“. Laikomasi nuomonės, kad faktinis lygmuo ir fikcija yra ne priešingi, vienas kitą neigiantys komponentai, bet sudėtinės literatūros kūrinio dalys, viena kitą papildančios ir taip kuriančios prasmę. Analizuojant „Išsiduosi. Balsu“, keliamas klausimas, koks yra fakto ir fikcijos santykis kūrinyje, kaip šis išskirtinis kūrinio bruožas veikia jo suvokimą ir perskaitymą. Pagrindinė tyrimo išvada: faktas kūrinyje tampa pagrindu, nuo kurio, pasitelkus pasakotoją ir retrospekciją, nutolstama, kad būtų suformuotos naujos prasmės ir išryškinta etinė autorės laikysena. Tai leidžia kvestionuoti ir įtvirtintą žanrinę kūrinio nuorodą esė, keičiant ją kūrinio struktūrą ir prasmes geriau atspindinčia dokumentine apysaka. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Dokumentika; Fakto literatūra; Fikcija; Lietuvių proza; Pasakotojas; Retrospekcija; Vanda Juknaitė; Documentary; Factual literature; Fiction; Lithuanian prose; Narrator; Retrospective; Vanda Juknaitė, Factual literatureArticle analyses the work "My Voice Betrays Me" by Vanda Juknaitė through the categories of fact and fiction. The idea that the factual realm and fiction are not contradictory components denying each other but rather the composite elements of a literary work complementing each other and creating meaning is expressed in the article. While analysing "My Voice Betrays Me", the question has been posed as to what is the ratio between fact and fiction in this piece as well as how this exceptional feature influences both the reading and perception of this work. The main conclusion of the research is the following: in this piece, a fact becomes the basis, from which a certain distance is maintained with the help of a narrator and retrospective in order to shape new meanings and highlight an ethical position of the author. This also allows the questioning of an established genre reference, i.e. an essay, by substituting it with a documentary long short story, which better reflects the structure and meanings of this work
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