1,720,954 research outputs found
Instruments de politique publique en matière de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre : transports urbains durables à Montréal et à Boston
No full textLa mise en oeuvre des politiques de transports urbains durables, qui nécessite le déploiement d'une combinaison d'instruments d'action complémentaires, s'avère ardue dans bon nombre de pays industrialisés. Or, le corpus portant sur les instruments de politique publique est restreint et possède de grandes lacunes quant à l'explication du choix des instruments. Au moyen d'une étude comparée des interventions en matière de transport urbain dans les villes de Montréal et de Boston, cette recherche vise à déterminer la pertinence et la validité d'un modèle basé sur les asymétries d'information et de légitimité entre les gouvernements, d'une part, et les acteurs privés et non gouvernementaux, d'autre part, afin d'expliquer le choix des instruments de politique publique. Les résultats indiquent que si la mise en place d'une combinaison instruments davantage coercitifs et proactifs est effectuée par les gouvernements lorsque ces derniers sont insufflés d'une forte légitimité et d'un haut degré de détention du savoir, le poids de l'histoire et de la culture politique, ainsi que l'aménagement institutionnel métropolitain, influent aussi le choix de la combinaison d'instruments.Note : La présente étude fait partie d'un projet de recherche plus large, intitulé "Choix et efficacité des instruments de politique publique pour réduire les gaz à effet de serre: les interventions de quatre juridictions de l'Amérique du Nord-Est", qui est le fruit d'une collaboration entre le Département de science politique et l'École supérieure d'ATDR, Aménagement, architecture et arts visuels de l'Université Laval, ainsi qu'avec Y Institute for environmental studies de l'Université de Toronto, et financé par le Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada (CRSH). Ce mémoire fait état des résultats de la section de l'étude dédiée aux transports urbains, alors que deux autres secteurs sont étudiés par le projet de recherche plus large, soit le secteur des grandes industries émettrices de GES et celui des PME développant des technologies de réduction d'émissions
Can institutional reforms promote sustainable planning? Integrating regional transportations & land use in Toronto & Chicago (2001-2014)
Get PDFAlthough governments have implemented several reforms to better integrate or coordinate regional transportation and land use decisions, little is known about the effects of new institutional designs on planning and development outcomes. This study compares the effects of two different types of institutional reforms on the planning process, transportation investments and land use decisions, while assessing their characteristics in terms of accountability, democracy, and effectiveness. Using semi-structured interviews, planning documents, as well as transportation spending and land use decisions, this longitudinal, comparative case study assesses the effects of the centralized, regulatory framework implemented in Toronto in 2005-2006, to the collaborative governance framework adopted in Chicago in 2005. Although each institutional design features different sets of constraints and opportunities, both reforms improved the planning process by establishing a renewed commitment to the exercise of regional planning. However, their impact on transportation investments was limited because the allocation of transportation funds is still primarily controlled by the province and the state governments who continue to control the purse strings and allocate money to advance their own political agendas. Both cases also show how difficult it is to increase densities and curb urban sprawl because local land uses, zoning and development approvals remain the prerogative of local governments and a function of locational preferences of individuals and corporations, which are contingent upon the market and shaped by global economic forces. Besides stronger regional institutions, the evidence presented in this study calls for new political strategies that address the fiscalization of land use and that offer financial incentives for the adoption of smart growth policies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
