1,720,958 research outputs found
Towards licensing of adverbial noun phrases in HPSG
Full text linkThis paper focuses on aspects of the licensing of adverbial noun phrases
(AdvNPs) in the HPSG grammar framework. In the first part, empirical issues
will be discussed. A number of AdvNPs will be examined with respect to various
linguistic phenomena in order to find out to what extent AdvNPs share syntactic
and semantic properties with non-adverbial NPs.Based on empirical
generalizations, a lexical constraint for licensing both AdvNPs and
non-adverbial NPs will be provided. Further on, problems of structural
licensing of phrases containing AdvNPs that arise within the standard HPSG
framework of Pollard and Sag (1994) will be pointed out, and a possible
solution will be proposed. The objective is to provide a constraint-based
treatment of NPs which describes non-redundantly both their adverbial and
non-adverbial usages. The analysis proposed in this paper applies lexical and
phrasal implicational constraints and does not require any radical
modifications or extensions of the standard HPSG geometry of Pollard and Sag
(1994)
Adjunct control and the poverty of the stimulus:Availability vs. evidence
Full text linkSubject control in non-finite adjuncts is observed across languages (as in ‘John called Mary after drawing a picture’). Research on the acquisition of adjunct control has generally focused on the relevant grammatical components and when they are acquired. This paper considers these components in the context of the linguistic input to ask how control in adjuncts is acquired. Although adjunct control is available in the input, the instances themselves do not provide evidence for abstract syntactic relations. Implications are considered for linguistic dependencies and the evidence in the input
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Plural comitative constructions in Polish
Full text linkThis paper provides a treatment of Polish Plural Comitative Constructions
in the paradigm of HPSG in the tradition of Pollard and Sag (1994).
Plural Comitative Constructions (PCCs) have previously been treated in terms of
coordination, complementation and adjunction. The objective of this paper is to show
that PCCs are neither instances of typical coordinate structures nor of typical complement or
adjunct structures. It thus appears difficult to properly describe them by means of the
standard principles of syntax and semantics. The analysis proposed in this paper accounts for the
syntactic and semantic properties of PCCs in Polish by assuming an adjunction-based syntactic
structure for PCCs, and by treating the indexical information provided by PCCs not as subject to
any inheritance or composition, but as a result of applying a set of principles on number, gender and
person resolution that also hold for ordinary coordinate structures
Polnische Komitativkonstruktionen. Empirische Untersuchung und Formale Beschreibung
No full textThis thesis deals with expressions consisting of two noun phrases connected by a comitative preposition, referred to as comitative constructions (CCs). It focuses on CCs in Polish, with some comparisons to other languages, and provides an analysis at the morphosyntax-semantics-pragmatics interface in the paradigm of Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar with the integrated model-theoretic semantic framework of Lexicalized Flexible Ty2.
After postulating three different readings of Polish CCs: accompanitive, conjunctive and (open and closed) inclusive, a number of semantic phenomena are discussed which provide evidence for this classification. Further examination of the data shows that all CC types behave uniformly with regard to their syntactic properties but exhibit differences regarding agreement and person, number and gender resolution. These differences have previously been explained by syntactic stipulations.
This thesis argues that a syntactic approach to CCs lacks real empirical motivation and it demonstrates that some of the existing analyses are problematic for a number of empirical and / or theoretical reasons. It further offers an alternative analysis based on the assumption that all CC types have a uniform, adjunctionbased syntactic structure, and that the crucial differences between them are semantic in nature, being triggered by the meaning of the comitative preposition. The core of the proposed semantic analysis are three different logical representations of the comitative preposition, whose truth conditions allow us to make the right predictions about the different behavior of the three CC types. All other lexical components of CCs, including plural pronouns, bear in each type of CC their customary forms and meanings.
Implementing this idea in a constraint-based framework whose description language incorporates a formal semantic representation language, and modeling the morphosyntactic, semantic, pragmatic and referential properties of CCs within a single grammatical paradigm, we arrive at an analysis that accounts for these expressions in a very natural way.Die vorliegende Dissertation befasst sich mit sprachlichen Ausdrücken bestehend aus zwei Nominalphrasen und einer komitativen Präposition, die als Komitativkonstruktionen (engl. comitative constructions, CCs) bezeichnet werden. Der Hauptuntersuchungsgegenstand der Arbeit sind CCs im Polnischen, zu Vergleichszwecken werden aber ähnliche Konstruktionen in anderen Sprachen herangezogen. Die Arbeit schlägt eine Analyse von CCs an der Schnittstelle zwischen Morphosyntax, Semantik und Pragmatik im Rahmen der Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar mit einem integrierten modelltheoretisch-semantischen Modul der Lexicalized Flexible Ty2 vor.
Ausgehend von drei verschiedenen Lesearten von CCs im Polnischen: akkompanitiven, konjunktiven sowie (offenen und geschlossenen) inklusiven, wird eine Reihe von semantischen Phänomenen diskutiert, die die postulierte Ambiguität und die vorgeschlagene semantische Typologie von CCs bestätigen. Die weitere Datenanalyse ergibt, dass sich die drei Typen von CCs im Hinblick auf ihre syntaktischen Eigenschaften relativ einheitlich verhalten, dass sie aber deutliche Diskrepanzen in Bezug auf Kongruenz sowie Person-, Numerus- und Genus Auflösung aufzeigen. Diese Diskrepanzen wurden in früheren Ansätzen anhand von syntaktischen Stipulationen erklärt.
In dieser Doktorarbeit wird argumentiert, dass der syntaktische Ansatz empirisch unmotiviert ist, und es wird auf eine Reihe von datenbezogenen und theoretischen Problemen der existierenden syntaktischen Arbeiten zu CCs hingewiesen. Es wird eine alternative Analyse vorgeschlagen, in der von einer einheitlichen, adjunktionsbasierten syntaktischen Struktur ausgegangen wird. Sie erklärt die Unterschiede zwischen den drei CC-Typen semantisch als aufgelöst durch die Bedeutung der komitativen Präposition. Den Kern der vorgeschlagenen semantischen Analyse bilden drei verschiedene logische Repräsentationen der komitativen Präposition, deren Wahrheitsbedingungen korrekte Vorhersagen zum unterschiedlichen Verhalten von akkompanitiven, konjunktiven und inklusiven CCs ermöglichen. Für alle nichtpräpositionalen Kompontenten von CCs, einschließlich pluraler Personalpronomen, wird stets ihre herkömmliche Form und Bedeutung angenommen.
Durch die Implementierung dieser Idee in einer beschränkungsbasierten Grammatiktheorie, deren Beschreibungsschprache eine semantische Repräsentationssprache inkorporiert, und durch die Modellierung der morphosyntaktischen, semantischpragmatischen und referentiellen Eigenschaften von CCs in einem einzigen theoretischen Paradigma kann eine Analyse angeboten werden, in der diese Konstruktionen auf eine natürliche Art und Weise lizenziert werden können
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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