1,720,965 research outputs found
Exploitation, consommation et technologie coquillières à l'époque pré-européenne en Polynésie centrale
No full textThis doctoral thesis aims at characterizing the exploitation of molluscs and echinoderms by the ‘enata communities on the island of Ua Huka (Marquesas Islands), from the first human settlement on the island during the 11th century AD up until the 18th century AD. Information regarding their contribution to the life of past human groups in the archipelago is scare. In order to overcome the relative lack of ethnographical and archaeological data and to better understand the characteristics of shellfish gathering in the Marquesas, we analysed molluscan assemblages from five coastal archaeological sites varying in function and chronology. We highlight the exploitation, consumption and discarding strategies related to these resources by building upon zooarchaeological methods (development of a reference collection, precise taxonomic identification, remains quantification, observation of taphonomic processes and human-induced alterations, biometry), spatial analysis along with ethno-archaeological field work. Our results show shared foraging strategies between sites, such as the focus on the rocky substrate and intertidal to shallow subtidal zones, as well as the harvesting of mostly gastropods (specifically limpets) and polyplacophorans. Beyond those commonalities, site-specific characteristics and chronological variations can be inferred. Because shellfish played a major role in the material culture of ancient ‘enata, our study also delves into shells as raw material for technological production. This work further calls for the development and the systematization of archaeomalacological studies in Polynesia.Ce travail de thèse porte sur l’exploitation de mollusques et d’échinodermes par les communautés ‘enata de l’île de Ua Huka (archipel des Marquises) depuis les premières installations humaines au XIème siècle de notre ère jusqu’au XVIIIème siècle. Les informations concernant leur contribution au quotidien des populations anciennes de l’archipel sont rares. Afin de pallier le manque de données tant ethnographiques qu’archéologiques, nous nous penchons sur des assemblages malacofauniques recueillis sur cinq sites côtiers aux fonctions et séquences d’occupation diverses. Nous mettons en évidence les modalités d’acquisition, de consommation, puis de rejet de ces ressources marines grâce à des méthodes d’analyse archéozoologiques (mise en place d’une collection de référence, identification taxonomique précise, quantification des restes, identification des processus taphonomiques et des stigmates anthropiques, biométrie) et d’analyse spatiale, complétées par un travail de terrain ethnoarchéologique. Les résultats de cette étude attestent de tendances communes aux sites : l’exploitation majoritaire du substrat rocheux, des étages intertidaux à subtidaux peu profonds, ainsi qu’une focalisation sur les gastéropodes, notamment les patelles, et les polyplacophores. Au-delà de ces points communs, nous avons pu déceler des spécificités intra-sites et des variations temporelles. Nous sommes également amenés à aborder la coquille en tant que matière première, les invertébrés marins ayant joué un rôle majeur dans la culture matérielle ‘enata. Ce travail insiste sur la nécessité d’un développement de la discipline et l’étude systématique des assemblages archéomalacologiques en Polynésie
Shellfish exploitation, consumption and shell technology in Central Polynesia prior to European times
No full textCe travail de thèse porte sur l’exploitation de mollusques et d’échinodermes par les communautés ‘enata de l’île de Ua Huka (archipel des Marquises) depuis les premières installations humaines au XIème siècle de notre ère jusqu’au XVIIIème siècle. Les informations concernant leur contribution au quotidien des populations anciennes de l’archipel sont rares. Afin de pallier le manque de données tant ethnographiques qu’archéologiques, nous nous penchons sur des assemblages malacofauniques recueillis sur cinq sites côtiers aux fonctions et séquences d’occupation diverses. Nous mettons en évidence les modalités d’acquisition, de consommation, puis de rejet de ces ressources marines grâce à des méthodes d’analyse archéozoologiques (mise en place d’une collection de référence, identification taxonomique précise, quantification des restes, identification des processus taphonomiques et des stigmates anthropiques, biométrie) et d’analyse spatiale, complétées par un travail de terrain ethnoarchéologique. Les résultats de cette étude attestent de tendances communes aux sites : l’exploitation majoritaire du substrat rocheux, des étages intertidaux à subtidaux peu profonds, ainsi qu’une focalisation sur les gastéropodes, notamment les patelles, et les polyplacophores. Au-delà de ces points communs, nous avons pu déceler des spécificités intra-sites et des variations temporelles. Nous sommes également amenés à aborder la coquille en tant que matière première, les invertébrés marins ayant joué un rôle majeur dans la culture matérielle ‘enata. Ce travail insiste sur la nécessité d’un développement de la discipline et l’étude systématique des assemblages archéomalacologiques en Polynésie.This doctoral thesis aims at characterizing the exploitation of molluscs and echinoderms by the ‘enata communities on the island of Ua Huka (Marquesas Islands), from the first human settlement on the island during the 11th century AD up until the 18th century AD. Information regarding their contribution to the life of past human groups in the archipelago is scare. In order to overcome the relative lack of ethnographical and archaeological data and to better understand the characteristics of shellfish gathering in the Marquesas, we analysed molluscan assemblages from five coastal archaeological sites varying in function and chronology. We highlight the exploitation, consumption and discarding strategies related to these resources by building upon zooarchaeological methods (development of a reference collection, precise taxonomic identification, remains quantification, observation of taphonomic processes and human-induced alterations, biometry), spatial analysis along with ethno-archaeological field work. Our results show shared foraging strategies between sites, such as the focus on the rocky substrate and intertidal to shallow subtidal zones, as well as the harvesting of mostly gastropods (specifically limpets) and polyplacophorans. Beyond those commonalities, site-specific characteristics and chronological variations can be inferred. Because shellfish played a major role in the material culture of ancient ‘enata, our study also delves into shells as raw material for technological production. This work further calls for the development and the systematization of archaeomalacological studies in Polynesia
Exploitation, consommation et technologie coquillières à l'époque pré-européenne en Polynésie centrale
No full textThis doctoral thesis aims at characterizing the exploitation of molluscs and echinoderms by the ‘enata communities on the island of Ua Huka (Marquesas Islands), from the first human settlement on the island during the 11th century AD up until the 18th century AD. Information regarding their contribution to the life of past human groups in the archipelago is scare. In order to overcome the relative lack of ethnographical and archaeological data and to better understand the characteristics of shellfish gathering in the Marquesas, we analysed molluscan assemblages from five coastal archaeological sites varying in function and chronology. We highlight the exploitation, consumption and discarding strategies related to these resources by building upon zooarchaeological methods (development of a reference collection, precise taxonomic identification, remains quantification, observation of taphonomic processes and human-induced alterations, biometry), spatial analysis along with ethno-archaeological field work. Our results show shared foraging strategies between sites, such as the focus on the rocky substrate and intertidal to shallow subtidal zones, as well as the harvesting of mostly gastropods (specifically limpets) and polyplacophorans. Beyond those commonalities, site-specific characteristics and chronological variations can be inferred. Because shellfish played a major role in the material culture of ancient ‘enata, our study also delves into shells as raw material for technological production. This work further calls for the development and the systematization of archaeomalacological studies in Polynesia.Ce travail de thèse porte sur l’exploitation de mollusques et d’échinodermes par les communautés ‘enata de l’île de Ua Huka (archipel des Marquises) depuis les premières installations humaines au XIème siècle de notre ère jusqu’au XVIIIème siècle. Les informations concernant leur contribution au quotidien des populations anciennes de l’archipel sont rares. Afin de pallier le manque de données tant ethnographiques qu’archéologiques, nous nous penchons sur des assemblages malacofauniques recueillis sur cinq sites côtiers aux fonctions et séquences d’occupation diverses. Nous mettons en évidence les modalités d’acquisition, de consommation, puis de rejet de ces ressources marines grâce à des méthodes d’analyse archéozoologiques (mise en place d’une collection de référence, identification taxonomique précise, quantification des restes, identification des processus taphonomiques et des stigmates anthropiques, biométrie) et d’analyse spatiale, complétées par un travail de terrain ethnoarchéologique. Les résultats de cette étude attestent de tendances communes aux sites : l’exploitation majoritaire du substrat rocheux, des étages intertidaux à subtidaux peu profonds, ainsi qu’une focalisation sur les gastéropodes, notamment les patelles, et les polyplacophores. Au-delà de ces points communs, nous avons pu déceler des spécificités intra-sites et des variations temporelles. Nous sommes également amenés à aborder la coquille en tant que matière première, les invertébrés marins ayant joué un rôle majeur dans la culture matérielle ‘enata. Ce travail insiste sur la nécessité d’un développement de la discipline et l’étude systématique des assemblages archéomalacologiques en Polynésie
Exploitation, consommation et technologie coquillières à l'époque pré-européenne en Polynésie centrale
No full textThis doctoral thesis aims at characterizing the exploitation of molluscs and echinoderms by the ‘enata communities on the island of Ua Huka (Marquesas Islands), from the first human settlement on the island during the 11th century AD up until the 18th century AD. Information regarding their contribution to the life of past human groups in the archipelago is scare. In order to overcome the relative lack of ethnographical and archaeological data and to better understand the characteristics of shellfish gathering in the Marquesas, we analysed molluscan assemblages from five coastal archaeological sites varying in function and chronology. We highlight the exploitation, consumption and discarding strategies related to these resources by building upon zooarchaeological methods (development of a reference collection, precise taxonomic identification, remains quantification, observation of taphonomic processes and human-induced alterations, biometry), spatial analysis along with ethno-archaeological field work. Our results show shared foraging strategies between sites, such as the focus on the rocky substrate and intertidal to shallow subtidal zones, as well as the harvesting of mostly gastropods (specifically limpets) and polyplacophorans. Beyond those commonalities, site-specific characteristics and chronological variations can be inferred. Because shellfish played a major role in the material culture of ancient ‘enata, our study also delves into shells as raw material for technological production. This work further calls for the development and the systematization of archaeomalacological studies in Polynesia.Ce travail de thèse porte sur l’exploitation de mollusques et d’échinodermes par les communautés ‘enata de l’île de Ua Huka (archipel des Marquises) depuis les premières installations humaines au XIème siècle de notre ère jusqu’au XVIIIème siècle. Les informations concernant leur contribution au quotidien des populations anciennes de l’archipel sont rares. Afin de pallier le manque de données tant ethnographiques qu’archéologiques, nous nous penchons sur des assemblages malacofauniques recueillis sur cinq sites côtiers aux fonctions et séquences d’occupation diverses. Nous mettons en évidence les modalités d’acquisition, de consommation, puis de rejet de ces ressources marines grâce à des méthodes d’analyse archéozoologiques (mise en place d’une collection de référence, identification taxonomique précise, quantification des restes, identification des processus taphonomiques et des stigmates anthropiques, biométrie) et d’analyse spatiale, complétées par un travail de terrain ethnoarchéologique. Les résultats de cette étude attestent de tendances communes aux sites : l’exploitation majoritaire du substrat rocheux, des étages intertidaux à subtidaux peu profonds, ainsi qu’une focalisation sur les gastéropodes, notamment les patelles, et les polyplacophores. Au-delà de ces points communs, nous avons pu déceler des spécificités intra-sites et des variations temporelles. Nous sommes également amenés à aborder la coquille en tant que matière première, les invertébrés marins ayant joué un rôle majeur dans la culture matérielle ‘enata. Ce travail insiste sur la nécessité d’un développement de la discipline et l’étude systématique des assemblages archéomalacologiques en Polynésie
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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