1,720,972 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Environmental impact of ashes used in a landfill cover construction [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textThe landfilling ban for combustible waste in EU countries and the extended use of bio fuels in heat and electricity production will result in an increasing generation of incineration residues, such as fly ash and bottom ash. Instead of landfilling, ashes used as a construction material in, e.g., roads or landfill covers can result in saving natural resources and economical advantages. The main aim of this work is to assess how ashes used in landfill cover construction affect the environment and how the potential environmental impact can be assessed. The main pollution pathway of using ashes in landfill cover construction is leaching. Laboratory leaching tests can be used as a tool to assess the possible environmental impact of ashes before their use in a landfill cover. Solubility leaching tests, e.g. batch leaching test, pH-stat test and percolation test, can be useful tools to predict contaminants that can be released from ashes used in a protection and drainage layer. The diffusion leaching test together with the availability test are suitable to assess the release from ash used as liner material. However, predicting contaminant release in the field is difficult due to the complexity of the processes occurring in the field. Leachate and drainage water are two types of water generated in landfill cover. Leachate samples were mainly contaminated by As, Mo, Cl and N. Drainage water contained high concentrations of Ni, Cl and N with the addition of As, Cu, Mo, Pb and Zn in the areas where bottom ash is in the protection layer. Since leaching of most pollutants showed no clear tendency to decline over time, assessing how long leachate and drainage water need treatment is difficult. However, it is expected that salt forming elements will be depleted from ashes within some decades. A lower release of other trace elements, such as Cu, Pb and Zn, to ash leachate is expected due to immobilization by Al/Fe hydr(oxides) and clay minerals.</p
Användning av rökgasreningsrester i deponins sluttäckning och för stabilisering av kontaminerad jord
No full textAbout 66% of all heat energy generated in Sweden originates from the incineration of municipal solid waste and biofuels such as wood, cardboard and peat. In addition to heat energy, incinerators generate about 1.7 Mt of ashes each year, of which 500 000 t are air pollution control (APC) residues. APC residues from municipal solid waste incineration are usually landfilled whereas those from biofuel incinerators are used in roads, as soil fertilizers, and as amendments for stabilizing APC residues classified as hazardous waste. The physico-chemical properties of compacted APC residues are such that they could be viable alternatives to clay in landfill cover liners, and could also replace cement in cases where a solidified structure is desired. However, APC residues are classified as waste and their use may rise concern due to the release of harmful substances into the environment. This thesis examines the environmental impact of APC residues when used together with other waste materials (e.g. sewage sludge, bottom ash, compost) in a landfill cover. In addition, the suitability of APC residues as amendments for stabilizing contaminated soil and their effect on the stability of treated soil under landfill conditions was investigated. The environmental impacts of alternative landfill cover were evaluated by field and laboratory tests that examined two water streams: the landfill cover’s drainage water and its leachate. The drainage water that seeps above the landfill cover liner and is drained away from a landfill cover was contaminated with Cl-, N, TOC and the trace elements As, Cu, Mo, Ni, Se, Pb and Zn. This water stream will need treatment for at least three to four decades. The amounts of landfill cover leachate that percolated through the liner in the field test ranged from 3 to 30 l (m2 y)-1, which was below the legal limit on the leachate flow in non-hazardous waste landfills
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Environmental impact of ashes used in a landfill cover construction
No full textThe landfilling ban for combustible waste in EU countries and the extended use of bio fuels in heat and electricity production will result in an increasing generation of incineration residues, such as fly ash and bottom ash. Instead of landfilling, ashes used as a construction material in, e.g., roads or landfill covers can result in saving natural resources and economical advantages. The main aim of this work is to assess how ashes used in landfill cover construction affect the environment and how the potential environmental impact can be assessed. The main pollution pathway of using ashes in landfill cover construction is leaching. Laboratory leaching tests can be used as a tool to assess the possible environmental impact of ashes before their use in a landfill cover. Solubility leaching tests, e.g. batch leaching test, pH-stat test and percolation test, can be useful tools to predict contaminants that can be released from ashes used in a protection and drainage layer. The diffusion leaching test together with the availability test are suitable to assess the release from ash used as liner material. However, predicting contaminant release in the field is difficult due to the complexity of the processes occurring in the field. Leachate and drainage water are two types of water generated in landfill cover. Leachate samples were mainly contaminated by As, Mo, Cl and N. Drainage water contained high concentrations of Ni, Cl and N with the addition of As, Cu, Mo, Pb and Zn in the areas where bottom ash is in the protection layer. Since leaching of most pollutants showed no clear tendency to decline over time, assessing how long leachate and drainage water need treatment is difficult. However, it is expected that salt forming elements will be depleted from ashes within some decades. A lower release of other trace elements, such as Cu, Pb and Zn, to ash leachate is expected due to immobilization by Al/Fe hydr(oxides) and clay minerals.Godkänd; 2006; 20061206 (pafi
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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