47,512 research outputs found
Ranatra rafflesi Tran & D. Polhemus 2012
No full textRanatra rafflesi Tran & D. Polhemus, 2012 (Fig. 1C–E) Ranatra rafflesi Tran & D. Polhemus, 2012: 104–106 (type locality: Singapore). Material examined. MALAYSIA – Sarawak: 1 male (ZRC _ ENT00012970), Sarawak, Sg. Stuum Muda, coll. H. H. Tan, 2 September 1996, THH9694; 2 males, 1 female (ZRC _ ENT00012971–73), Sarawak, Batu Kawa–Matang area, coll. H. H. Tan, 13 January 1996, THH9601; 1 male (ZRC _ ENT00012974), Sarawak, Sibu, coll. H. H. Tan & R. Kerle, 3 March 1998, THH9811; 3 males, 1 female (ZRC _ ENT00012975–78), Sarawak, 10 km from Kuching, coll. H. H. Tan, 4 September 1995, THH9556; 1 male, 1 female (ZRC _ ENT00012979–80), Sarawak, Kuching to Matang road, coll. H. H. Tan, 14 January 1996, THH9608; 2 males, 4 females (ZRC _ ENT00012981–83), Sarawak, 8 km towards Gedong, from Serian – Sri Aman road, coll. H. H. Tan, 16 January 1996, THH9613; 2 males, 1 female (ZRC _ ENT00012984–86), Sarawak 92-42; 1 male, 2 females (ZRC _ ENT00012987–88), Sarawak, MK94-55; 1 male, 1 female (ZRC _ ENT00012989–90), Sarawak, blackwater ditch 2 km fr. Kuching, Mantang Batu Kawa Rd from aff. (on way to Kuching) T-junction, coll. K. Lim, 3 July 1992, 92-45. INDONESIA – Bintan: 1 male (ZRC.6.17711), P. Bintan, 47 km to Tg. Pinang, 1°06′38.1″N, 101°29′18.0″E, [coll. unknown], 27 April 1994, HH008; 1 male, 3 females (ZRC.6.17701), P. Bintan, 1°10′26.2″N, 104°27′28.3″E, upstream, [coll. unknown], 27 April 1994, HH003; 3 males, 4 females (ZRC _ ENT00012941–44), Pulau Bintan, coll. Y. Chia, June 1993, TT11; 4 males (ZRC _ ENT00012944–48), Pulau Bintan, coll. Y. Chia, June 1993, TT9; 3 males, 2 females (ZRC _ ENT00012949–52), Pulau Bintan, coll. Y. Chia, June 1993; 1 male (ZRC _ ENT00012953), Pulau Bintan, north, coll. H. H. Tan, 27 June 1995, THH9531. INDONESIA – Sumatra: 1 male (ZRC.6.17685), Sumatra, Jambi, Sg. Alai, [coll. unknown], 21 June 1995, JMB9511; 1 male, 5 females (ZRC _ ENT00012954–55), Sumatra, east Jambi, coll. H. H. Tan, 22 November 1996, THH96153; 2 males, 2 females (ZRC _ ENT00012956–58), Sumatra, east Jambi, coll. H. H. Tan, 22 November 1996, THH96154; 2 males, 1 female (ZRC _ ENT00012959–61), Sumatra, Jambi, Danau, Kamining nr. Kg. Transos, water pH 6.1, coll. M. Kottelat & H. H. Tan, 31 May 1994, MK94-38; 1 male (ZRC _ ENT00012962), Sumatra Selatan, clear water stream through rubber estate, along road to Sungei Merdak, 7 km into Desa Suka Jaya, coll. H. H. Tan, 11 December 2003, THH03-69; – Banka: 1 male (ZRC _ ENT00012963), Sumatra, Banka, between Kg. Kurau and Kg. Balilik, 25 km N. of Koba, coll. M. Kottelat et al., 3 March 1993, BANGKA 93-95. INDONESIA – Nias: 2 males, Southern Nias, surrounding of Telukdalam, coll. M. A. Jäch, 12 February 1990 (NHMW). INDONESIA – West Kalimantan: 4 males, 4 females (ZRC _ ENT00013054–58, 69–71), 2 nymphs, W. Kalimantan, Sg. Sekawi – Danau Sekawi, coll. Y. Y. Goh et al., 14 May 1998, GYY70 [with paramere of slender form]; 1 male (ZRC _ ENT00013059), W. Kalimantan, Danau Pantu, coll. Y. Y. Goh et al., 4 May 1998, GYY51 [with paramere of slender form]; 2 males, 1 female (ZRC _ ENT00013000–02), W. Kalimantan, btw. Sekadau and Sintang, coll. H. K. Lua, H. H. Tan & D. Wowor, 22 April 1998, LHK0371/ THH9842; 7 males, 5 females (ZRC _ ENT00013003–010), 2 nymphs, W. Kalimantan, Sintang, Sekadau–Sintang Rd., coll. H. K. Lua, H. H. Tan & D. Wowor, 22 April 1998, LHK0372/THH9843 [with variations in parameres: specimens ZRC_ENT00013003–04 with paramere of slender form, same as that in GYY70 sample; others intermediate between holotype and the slender form or same as holotype]; 1 male (ZRC _ ENT00013011), Kalimantan, Sanggau, along Sekadau–Sintang road, coll. H. K. Lua, H. H. Tan & D. Wowor, 25 April 1998, LHK0378; 1 male, 3 females (ZRC _ ENT00013012–13), 1 nymph, W. Kalimantan, Pontianak, Sg. Luar nr. Sg. Tayan, coll. H. K. Lua, H. H. Tan & D. Wowor, 26 April 1998, LHK380/THH9854; 9 males, 4 females (ZRC _ ENT00013014–23, 66–68), 2 nymphs, Kalimantan, Pontianak, Lobok Raundal nr. Sg. Tayan, coll. H. K. Lua, H. H. Tan & D. Wowor, 26 April 1998, LHK0381 [parameres: intermediate form between holotype and the slender form as that in GYY70 sample]; 6 males, 6 females (ZRC _ ENT00013024–30), 1 nymph, Kalimantan, Pontianak, Gg. Semahung, nr Pahuman, coll. H. K. Lua, H. H. Tan & D. Wowor, 27 April 1998, LHK0383/ THH9857 [paramere of intermediate form]; 3 males, 1 female (ZRC _ ENT00013031–34), Kalimantan, Pontianak, Sg. Belado, Gg. Kloncet, coll. H. K. Lua, H. H. Tan & D. Wowor, 28 April 1998, LHK0384; 7 males, 7 females (ZRC _ ENT00013035–42), Kalimantan, Pontianak, Anjungan ‘D’, coll. H. K. Lua, H. H. Tan & D. Wowor, 28 April 1998, LHK0385/THH9860 [paramere of intermediate form]; 6 males, 4 females (ZRC _ ENT00013043–49), Pontianak, Sg. Kepayan, Pontianak–Anjungan road, coll. H. K. Lua, H. H. Tan & D. Wowor, 29 April 1998, LHK0386 [some with parameres of intermediate form, others same as holotype]; 1 male (ZRC _ ENT00013050), W. Kalimantan, Pontianak, Anjungan, Sg. Jelimpo, coll. H. H. Tan & Y. Y. Goh, 28 April 1998, THH9859 [paramere of intermediate form]; 1 male (ZRC _ ENT00013051), W. Kalimantan, Desa Tekalong, coll. Y. Y. Goh et al., 8 May 1998, GYY62 [paramere of intermediate form]; – South Kalimantan: 1 male, 1 female (ZRC _ ENT00013052–53), Kalimantan Selatan, Batulicin basin; stream at Simpang Alok, along road from Batulicin to Mantewe, Desa Gunung Raya, coll. H. H. Tan et al., 14 September 2011, THH11-11 [paramere of intermediate form]; – East Kalimantan: 2 males, 3 females (ZRC _ ENT00013072– 76), 1 nymph, Kalimantan Timur, Mahakam basin, Taman Wisata Air Tejun, coll. H. H. Tan & D. Wowor, 11 November 1999, THH9976 [paramere of intermediate form]; 1 male, 1 female (ZRC _ ENT00013077–78), Kalimantan Timur, Mahakam basin, coll. H. H. Tan & D. Wowor, 11 November 1999, THH9977. Diagnosis. Body length: males 21.0–24.0, females 25.0–29.0; siphon length ca. 0.80–0.95× body length; lorum higher than clypeus; vertex higher than eye, with low conical tubercle; eye width ca. 1.0–1.1× interocular width; space between middle coxae about as wide as space between hind coxae; posterior margin of metasternum truncate, only slightly convex; basal part of fore femur about 1.6× as wide as distal part; hind femur, when folded back parallel to body, slightly surpassing apex of abdomen in males, reaching apex of abdomen in females; paramere tapering along distal third, apical hook evenly curved, tip of hook expanded, ventral margin with a broadly triangular tooth immediately basad of hook (Fig. 1C–E). Remarks. This species is closely related to Ranatra natunaensis by having similar paramere structures. Tran & Polhemus (2012) provided comparative notes for these two species. Our examination of numerous further specimens, as listed above, has revealed differences in the paramere structure within samples from the type locality, Singapore, as well as within some samples from other areas. Such variation of the type specimens (from Singapore and from Bintan and Batam of Indonesia) was not reported in the original description by Tran & Polhemus (2012). In the holotype, the width of the apical hook is slightly greater than the width of the middle part (Fig. 1C). In the “slender form” (Fig. 1E), the middle part and/or the distal constriction before the apical hook is sometimes more slender than that of the holotype, thus the width of the apical hook appears greater than the width of the middle part. The most slender form occurs in samples GYY70 and GYY51 from West Kalimantan, Borneo (Fig. 1E). These samples also exhibit some other differences from the type material of R. rafflesi, such as the space between the middle coxae being very narrow, and the ventral teeth on the fore femur being slightly smaller (so that the width of the femur across the larger tooth is slightly smaller than the maximum width of the femur in the basal half). Several other samples from Kalimantan, as noted in the Material examined section, contain both the most slender form of paramere (like those in samples GYY70 and GYY51), the typical form (same as the holotype), and also intermediate forms (Fig. 1D); however, the shape of the apical hook and the triangular sub-apical tooth of the paramere are consistent among these forms. The distance between the middle coxae is also variable, but always narrower than the distance between the hind coxae. Because these differences occur within localities, we treat them as intra-specific and intrapopulation variations. Distribution. Singapore, Borneo (Sarawak), and Indonesia (Bintan, Batam, and Sumatra) (Tran & Polhemus, 2012; Tran & Poggi, 2019). First records from Kalimantan (Borneo) and Nias Island.Published as part of Tran, A. D. & Zettel, H., 2021, Taxonomy of the Ranatra biroi group sensu Lansbury, 1972 (Nepomorpha: Nepidae), with descriptions of two new species, pp. 507-521 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 69 on pages 510-511, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2021-0068, http://zenodo.org/record/717461
Hoya sapaensis (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae), a new species from Vietnam
No full textHoya sapaensis T.B. Tran & Rodda sp. nova (Apocynaceae) from Vietnam is described, illustrated and compared with the morphologically similar H. carnosa and H. bonii. Hoya sapaensis distinctly differs in the length of the pollinium and corpusculum, number of flowers per inflorescence, and the shape of the corolla.open
Letter from Carl T. Hayden to C. H. Gensler, Havasupai Reservation
No full textLetter from Carl T. Hayden to C. H. Gensler, Havasupai Indian Reservation, regarding Hualapai and Cataract Canyons geography
Backbone fragmentations of [M-H](-) anions from peptides. Reinvestigation of the mechanism of the beta prime cleavage
No full textRationaleAn experimental study has shown that the structure of a β' ion proposed earlier is incorrect. Backbone cleavage β' anions have structures R(NH(-)) from systems [[RNHCH(X)CONHCH(Y)CO(2)H (or C-terminal CONH(2))-H](-) (where R is the rest of the peptide molecule and X and Y represent the α side chains of the individual amino acid residues).MethodsAb initio calculations were carried out at the CAM-B3LYP/6-311++g(d,p) level of theory.ConclusionsThe calculations suggest that RNH(-) ions are formed by S(N)i cyclisation processes involving either (i) the C-terminal CO(2)(-) or C-terminal [CONH](-) as appropriate, or (ii) an enolate ion [-NHC(-)(Y)-] cyclising at the backbone CH of the -CH(X)- group. Concomitant C-N bond cleavage then liberates an RNH(-) ion, processes which can occur along the peptide backbone.Tianfang Wang, T. T. Nha Tran, Antonio N. Calabrese, John H. Bowi
QoS Provisioning for VoIP Traffic by Deploying Admission Control
No full textInternational Workshop, Art-QoS 2003 Warsaw, Poland, March 24–25, 2003
Rhyacobates anderseni Tran & Yang 2006
No full text<i>Rhyacobates anderseni</i> Tran & Yang, 2006 <p>Figs 3F, 4E, 5E, 6E, 8E, 23</p> <p> <i>Rhyacobates anderseni</i> Tran & Yang, 2006: 14–16, figs 7–16, 27 (original description).</p> <p> <i>Rhyacobates anderseni</i> – Tran & Nguyen 2016: 513 (with remarks).</p> Diagnosis <p>Body length of females 6.79–7.30, of males 6.00–6.20. Both sexes: mesonotum mainly black with a median brownish-yellow stripe (broader in female, narrower in male); metanotum chiefly blackish, without yellow markings (Figs 3F, 23A). Female: hind margin of metanotum with a pointed median process extending over abdominal tergum I (Fig. 23C–D); pronotum mainly black with a median brownish-yellow spot; posterior margin of abdominal segment VII with four processes, dorsally with a long process terminating each connexivum (Fig. 23F–G), laterally with a pair of pointed processes (Fig. 23F, H), ventrally almost truncate, without median process (Fig. 23H). Male: middle trochanter without spines; middle femur with scattered small spines, not arranged in distinct row (Fig. 23K); length of middle tibia ca 1.8–1.9 times length of hind tibia; proctiger with rounded lobes laterally (Figs 6E, 23L); paramere relatively stout and evenly curved, middle part thickened, distal part tapering towards rounded apex (Figs 8E, 23M).</p> Material examined <p> <b>Type specimens</b></p> <p>See Tran & Yang (2006).</p> <p> <b>Non-type specimens</b></p> <p>CHINA • 5 ♁♁, 3 ♀♀ (apterous); Yunnan Province, Jing-hong City, Cai-yang River; 22°33′4.1″ N, 101°5′14.6″ E; 879 m a.s.l.; 30 Jul. 2016; Zhen Ye leg.; NKUM.</p> <p> VIETNAM • 1 ♁ (apterous), 1 ♁ (macropterous); Hà Tĩnh Province, Vũ Quang National Park, Khe Nam Châm stream, site #1, upstream; 18°17′31.5″ N, 105°21′18.7″ E; 21 Apr. 2022; A.D. Tran <i>et al.</i> leg.; TAD2208; ZVNU • 1 ♀ (macropterous); same collection data as for preceding; NKUM.</p> <p>GPS data of previous records: see Tran & Yang (2006).</p> Supplemental description <p> <b>Apterous female</b></p> <p>MEASUREMENTS. Body length 6.79–7.30, width 2.00–2.60, head width 1.32, interocular width 0.58, eye length (dorsal view) 0.59; relative lengths of antennal segments I–IV: 3:0.86: 1.21: 0.74; pronotum: length 0.73, width 1.47; mesonotum: length 2.36, width 2.54; metanotum: length 0.88, width 1.98; abdomen length (ventral view) 2.88; abdominal sternum VII: length 1.23, width 1.18; abdominal mediotergite I: length 0.15, width 0.96; relative lengths of leg segments (femur:tibia: tarsal segment I:tarsal segment II): fore leg: 3.03: 2.35:1.17:0.83, middle leg: 8.75: 5.35:2.63:0.45, hind leg: 8.85:3.08:0.15: 0.21.</p> <p>COLORATION. Median black spot of head posteriorly bifurcate. Pronotum mainly black with a median brownish-yellow spot. Mesonotum mainly black with a median brownish-yellow stripe. Metanotum chiefly blackish, without yellow markings (Figs 3F, 23A). Connexivum dorsally blackish. Venter of female chiefly blackish with a median yellowish spot (Fig. 23B). Abdominal venter light yellow.</p> <p>ABDOMEN. Hind margin of metanotum produced as a median protuberance over abdominal tergum I (Fig. 23C–D). Abdomen relatively short, nearly straight, moderately curved dorsad posteriorly (Figs 5E, 23E). Connexivum on abdominal segments I–VI dorsally blackish, forming a straight line in dorsal view (Figs 3F, 23A). Abdominal segment VII elongate, nearly as long as three preceding abdominal segments together (Fig. 23E), completely enclosing genital segments (Figs 3F, 23G). Posterior margin of abdominal segment VII with four processes, dorsally with a long, slender process terminating each connexivum (Fig. 23G), laterally with a pair of pointed processes (Fig. 23F, H), ventrally almost truncate, without a median process (Fig. 23H).</p> <p> <b>Apterous male</b></p> <p>MEASUREMENTS. Body length 6.00–6.20, width 1.70–1.90, head width 1.21, interocular width 0.55, eye length (dorsal view) 0.53; relative lengths of antennal segments I–IV: 2.84: 0.89:1.14:0.78; pronotum: length 0.68, width 1.31; mesonotum: length2.13,width 1.85; metanotum:length 0.64, width 1.65;abdomen length (ventral view) 1.94; abdominal sternum VII: length 0.38, width 0.59; abdominal mediotergite I: length 0.19, width 0.68; relative lengths of leg segments (femur:tibia: tarsal segment I:tarsal segment II): fore leg: 3.04: 2.44:0.89:0.54, middle leg: 8.80: 4.86:2.38:0.36, hind leg: 8.75:2.62:0.11: 0.15.</p> <p>C OLORATION. Median black spot of head posteriorly bifurcate. Pronotum mainly black with a median brownish-yellow spot. Mesonotum mainly black with a median brownish-yellow stripe. Metanotum chiefly blackish, without yellow markings (Figs 4E, 23I). Connexivum dorsally blackish. Metasternum anteriorly blackish and posteriorly light yellow (Fig. 23J). Abdominal venter anteriorly blackish and posteriorly light yellow or completely light yellow.</p> <p>LEG. Middle trochanter without spines; middle femur with scattered small spines, not arranged in distinct row (Fig. 23K).</p> <p>GENITALIA. Abdominal segment VIII ventro-laterally impressed. Pygophore large, ovate. Proctiger with rounded lobes laterally (Figs 6E, 23L). Paramere relatively stout and evenly curved, middle part thickened, distal part tapering towards rounded apex (Figs 8E, 23M).</p> Distribution <p>China: Yunnan; Vietnam: Hà Tĩnh (Tran & Yang 2006).</p> Comparative notes <p> <i>Rhyacobates anderseni</i> is distinct from all congeners in having a median process on the posterior margin of the metanotum in the female (Fig. 23D), which is present in three other ptilomerine genera, i.e., <i>Andersenius</i>, <i>Pleciobates</i> and <i>Jucundus</i> Distant, 1910. However, this species matches all other characteristics of <i>Rhyacobates</i> defined by Andersen & Chen (1995), as discussed by Tran & Yang (2006: 16). Future phylogenetic studies using molecular data may help to resolve the taxonomic position of this species.</p>Published as part of <i>Leng, Zhaoqi, Tran, Anh Duc & Ye, Zhen, 2023, Taxonomic review of Rhyacobates Esaki, 1923, with descriptions of three new species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae), pp. 1-73 in European Journal of Taxonomy 893 (1)</i> on pages 34-36, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.893.2285, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8385630">http://zenodo.org/record/8385630</a>
Fragmentations of [M - H](-) anions of peptides containing tyrosine sulfate. Does the sulfate group rearrange? A joint experimental and theoretical study
No full textRationaleTo investigate the fragmentations in the negative-ion electrospray mass spectra of peptides containing tyrosine sulfate.MethodsPossible fragmentation mechanisms were explored using a Waters QTOF2 tandem mass spectrometer in concert with calculations at the CAM-B3LYP/6-311++g(d,p) level of theory.ResultsThe major negative ion formed in the ESI-MS of peptides containing tyrosine sulfate is [(M-H)-SO3](-) and this process normally yields the base peak of the spectrum. The basic backbone cleavages of [(M-H)-SO3](-) allowed the sequence of the peptide to be determined. Rearrangement reactions involving the formation of HOSO3(-) and [(M-H)-H2SO4](-) yielded minor peaks with relative abundances ≤ 10% and ≤ 2%, respectively.ConclusionsThe mass spectra of the [M-H](-) and [(M-H)-SO3](-) anions of peptides containing tyrosine sulfate allowed the position of the tyrosine sulfate group to be determined, together with the amino acid sequence of the peptide.T. T. Nha Tran, Tianfang Wang, Sandra Hack and John H. Bowi
Helicobacter pylori 23S rRNA gene mutations associated with clarithromycin resistance in chronic gastritis in Vietnam
No full textIntroduction: Data about the prevalence of the A2142C, A2142G, and A2143G mutations in 23S rRNA gene is still limited. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of these mutations in 23S rRNA gene of H. pylori vietnamese strains. Methodology: One hundred and sixty-nine patients with H. pylori-positive chronic gastritis were examined. H. pylori was detected by rapid urease test and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Total DNA was extracted from gastric biopsy specimens. A2142C, A2142G, and A2143G mutations were detected by DNA sequencing and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: A2143G mutation was detected in 36.1% of samples, A2142G mutation in 3.6%, while A2142C mutation was not found in any case. The mixture of wild-type and mutation strains was found in 50% of specimens with A2142G, in 23% of specimens with A2143G mutation. There was no association of 23S rRNA gene point mutations with gender or age. However, an association between the heterogeneity of mutation and age was evidenced, with mean age of the group of pure A2143G higher than the group of wild-type/A2143G mixture, and rate of the wild-type/A2143G mixture higher in patients under 40 years of age. Conclusion: A2143G mutation was prominent, while A2142C mutation was not found in the 23S rRNA gene. PCR-RFLP has revealed a reliable assay allowing a rapid and cost-effective detection of clarithromycin-resistant strains. This is useful in countries as Vietnam with high prevalence of clarithromycin-resistance before choosing optimal therapy for H. pylori eradication
Association between Sleep Duration and Colorectal Adenomas: Findings from a Case-Control Study in Vietnam
No full textBackground: Colorectal cancer is one of the leading cancers worldwide and in Vietnam. Adenomas are important precursors of colorectal cancer. Study on the association between sleep duration and development of colorectal adenoma (CRA) is limited, particularly among Vietnamese population. Methods: We conducted an individually matched case-control study of 870 CRA cases and 870 controls in a large-scale colorectal screening program involving 103,542 individuals ages ≥40 years old in Hanoi, Vietnam. Sleep duration was categorized in three groups: short: ≤6 hours/day, normal: 7 to 8 hours/day, and long: >8 hours/ day. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between sleep duration and adenomas risk after controlling for potential confounders. Results: Overall, short-sleep duration was associated with increased risk of having CRA compared with normal duration [OR, 1.48; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.12-1.97]. This pattern was present in both females (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.14-2.18) and males (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.08-1.93), with advanced adenomas (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.09-2.38) and non-advanced adenomas (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.19-2.32). Furthermore, the association between CRA development and short-sleep duration was more apparent among females who were nondrinker, nonobese, physically active, with proximal or both sided adenomas and with cardiometabolic disorder. Among males, the short-sleep duration was associated with CRA risk among never-smoking, cardiometabolic disorders, and obese. Conclusions: Short-sleep duration was associated with increased prevalence of both advanced and non-advanced CRAs among Vietnamese population
New genus and species of stripe-bellied rat Pseudoberylmys muongbangensis Tran. H. H., T. H. Viet, L. X. Canh, N. X. Dang, 2008 gen.sp.nov. (Mammalia, Rodentia, Muridae) from Vietnam
No full textAfter researching clearly about the appearance characteristics, form and microstructure of hairs, skull structure and form of 8 strange rat specimens and compare it with these other big rats of Vietnam, the authors has affirmed that this is a new genus and new species of rat and named that: New genus: Pseudoberylmys Tran. H. H, T. H. Viet, L. X. Canh, N. X. Dang, 2008 gen.nov. New species: Pseudoberylmys muongbangensis Tran. H. H, T. H. Viet, L. X. Canh, N. X. Dang, 2008 gen.sp.nov. Type material: Eight animals was collected during six years from 2002 to 2008. One Holotype with the number 2002-10-T3, 7 Paratype with the number 2003-02-T2, 2003-11-T5, 2004-04-T6, 2006-03-T2, 2007-10-T3, 2008-05-T4 and 2008-11-T7 are deposited in Vietnam Cryptozoic and Rare Animals Research Centre. Type locality: Soc village, Muong Bang commune, Phu Yen district, Son La province, Vietnam. Habitat: Pseudoberylmys muongbangensis Tran. H. H, T. H. Viet, L. X. Canh, N. X. Dang, 2008 gen.sp.nov. was found in the manioc field. Etymology: The new species was named after the commune Muong Bang, where the species was first found. Skull measurement: Occipitonasal length 51.8 - 56.4 Length of auditory bulla 8.0 - 8.7 Length of rostrum 17.8 - 20.5 Breadth of rostrum 12.8 - 14.7 Length of nasal 22.0 - 23.5 Zygomatic breadth 25.6 - 26.9 Length of bony palate 28.4 - 30.2 Interororbital breadth 7.5 - 8.0 Length of incisive foramina 10.5 - 11.2 Breath of braincase 19.5 - 21.2 Length of diastema 15.2 - 16.7 Zygomatic plate breadth 5.2 - 5.9 Leng of interparietal middle 6.5 - 7.5 Foramina insicive breadth 3.4 - 3.9 Length of toothrow maxilla 9.5 - 10.2 Breadth of greatest molar 2.6 - 2.8 Stripy-bellied rat’s skull have many points like with the Berylmys bowersi’skull: long and tapering rostrum, length of nasal bone is longer than 1/3 occipitonasal length, make up a triangular form which project to front and hide the incisors, reduce at rearward and fit in frontal bone to create an V shape. Frontal bone is strait, frontal and parietal joins is arched, parietal edge is short and don’t emerge, the lacrimal bone is very small. In profile of skull, the occiput is a incline plane which project to rearward. Below surface: Auditory bulla is big and bloat. The length of it is longer than 15% length of occipitonasal. Compare with the length of occpitonasal, length of bony palate is roughly 53.22% to 53.68%, length of diastema is roughly 28 to 19% and length of incisive foramina is roughly 19 to 20%. Description: The stripe-bellied rat belonging to the gray rat group in Vietnam. Its length of head and body is 220-260 mm, length of tail is 240-290 mm, length of hind feet is 50-55 mm, length of ears is 29-34 mm and mammals is 2-2 = 8. The pelage is coarse, but not spiny which have two kind of hair: 71-76% is soft underhairs, 24-29% is overhairs. In general, back is grizzled grayish-brown, made of many big overhairs beyond the overhairs which are gray at proximal and black at distal and overhairs is grayish white at proximal, blackish at medial and brownish yellow or dirty white at distal. Darker in the midline of back, paler on flanks to belly. The flanks is more speckled than back so flank’s color become more brownish than dorsal surface. Belly hairs (both overhairs and soft underhairs) are pure white, color of belly is sharply dimarcated from that of back. Specially that, the midline of belly skin from inguinal to breastbone is bare, flesh color with many across wrinkles which haven’t known its biological role. The midline wide is about 1/10 the belly wide. The colour of outside limbs is the same of flanks, inside color is the same of belly. Digits and dorsal surface of the hands and hind feet covered by white short hairs, but the midline dorsal surface of hind feet covered by blackish brown hairs. Tail is much longer than combined length of head and body, round in cross-section, bicolored (dark gray above, dirty white below) and near tip is whitish or pure white. Maxilla toothrow is long and medium size, The incisors are big, in profile is perpendicular with above nasal bone plane. Dental is strong, all of condyloit process, angular processes, coronoit processes develop very much. Differential diagnosis Based on these description and skull measurements, the new species - stripe-bellied rat can be distinguished from Berylmys bowersi, Leopoldamys edwardsi, L. sabanus, Bandicota indica and Dacnomys millardi
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