1,720,964 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Clinical and experimental implementation of standardized hypothermic treatment for neonatal asphyxia in low-income settings [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textBackground: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a potentially devastating condition caused by birth asphyxia. The standard of care for infants with moderate and severe HIE is therapeutic hypothermia (TH), initiated within six hours after delivery. This intervention improves survival rates and reduces long- term neurological disabilities. Despite its efficacy in high-income countries, the implementation of TH faces significant challenges in low- and middle-income settings, including a lack of evidence supporting its benefits, inadequate high- cost cooling equipment, and insufficient long-term outcome predictive markers and evaluations. Aims: The overall aim of this thesis was to develop and evaluate novel equipment for counteracting hypoxic-ischemic brain injuries in newborns in low- and middle-income countries. The specific aims included: To evaluate the application of phase changing material (PCM) for induction of TH in infants with moderate- severe HIE in a tertiary setting and during inter-hospital transportation, in order to enhance the therapeutic effects of TH (Studies I & II) and to determine neurological and neurodevelopmental outcomes for infants treated with TH in low- and middle-income settings (Study III). An additional aim was to evaluate early predictors of outcome of asphyxiated newborns transported for TH, by measuring levels of blood lactated dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and monitoring brain function with amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) (Study IV). Materials and methods: One pilot observational study (Study I) and one clinical trial (Studies II-IV) were conducted in Hanoi, Vietnam, between 2014 and 2019. The studies involved neonates born in the northern regions of Vietnam with HIE and requiring TH. The primary outcomes were short-term outcomes of HIE and medium-term outcomes. In study IV, the predictive values of high LDH (>1000 U/L) and severely depressed aEEG were evaluated. Results: Studies I and II showed that, despite not being a servo-controlled device, the PCM mattress effectively cooled and maintained infants’ body temperatures at more than 80% of the 72-hour treatment period with little nursing intervention, a significant advantage in resource-limited settings. When used during inter- hospital transportation, PCM as compared to passive cooling did not improve short-term outcomes. However, PCM was a safe and effective piece of equipment for transport of babies eligible for TH and reduced the time to achieve the target temperature for TH. Follow-up at 18 months showed that infants who received TH 67% survived, and, among the survivors, 60% demonstrated normal development or only mild delays in movement and cognition. The remaining survivors exhibited severe neurological disorders, such as cerebral palsy or epilepsy. Study III showed that these serious sequelae can be identified early in the post-natal period using simple screening tools like the Ages and Stages Questionnaires and the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination with high sensitivity and specificity. In Study IV, we also found that biological and imaging markers can predict outcomes early, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and early aEEG. Conclusion: The studies presented in this PhD thesis demonstrate the effectiveness of a mattress made of PCM as a low-cost cooling method for TH of infants with moderate to severe HIE in low- and middle-income countries. A majority of the infants treated with TH had favorable outcomes, with many surviving and developing normally or with only mild delays. Early identification of neurological sequelae through simple screening tools and early biomarkers aids clinicians in improving prognosis and treatment decisions for HIE babies
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
HIV-1 genotype and vertical transmission in northern Vietnam [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textAfter 18 years from the beginning of the HIV-1/AIDS epidemic in Vietnam, the number of HIV-1 infected individuals is still increasing. Investigations conducted at two distinct time points in two separate groups of HIV-1 infected intravenous drug users (IDUs) and pregnant women in Northern Vietnam indicated that the HIV-1 CRF01_AE genotype is dominating in Northern Vietnam. Our analysis was based on 399 gp120 V3 env sequences comprising HIV-1 strains studied by us and on previously published Vietnamese sequences and on reference sequences from neighboring countries available in the Los Alamos HIV database. By using different softwares to determine the phylogenetic relationship of the different HIV-1 strains, we showed that the HIV-1 CRF01_AE present in Northern Vietnam is closely related with the HIV-1 CRF01_AE sequences from Southern China, whereas HIV-1 CRF01_AE sequences from Southern Vietnam have a closer link with HIV-1 CRF01_AE Thailand sequences. The genetic analysis of the gp120 V3 env sequences obtained from HIV-1 infected IDUs in 2002 and pregnant women in 2006-2007 revealed that HIV-1 is spreading rapidly in Northern Vietnam. The fast spreading epidemic can be identified by the low level of variation noticed in HIV-1 strains infecting IDUs and pregnant women in Northern Vietnam. HIV-1 infection in pregnant women is increasing in Vietnam. Several prevention programs have however been started to control HIV-1 vertical transmission in Northern Vietnam. In my study 182 HIV-1 infected mothers and their children were enrolled. The HIV-1 infection in children was confirmed by the presence of the HIV-1 pol gene in blood cell DNA. The PCR was performed from birth until 12 months and HIV-1 serology from 12 to 18 months. The total HIV-1 transmission rate to the children in our study was 6.7% with a rate of pre-partum transmission of 4.2% and intra-partum transmission of 1.5%. About 60% of the HIV-1 infected mothers received one dose of nevirapine at labor. The children were treated with liquid nevirapine within 48 hours from birth. In addition, ARV combination was provided to 11% of the HIV-1 pregnant women for a few weeks prior to delivery and zidovudine was given to the children one week after birth. Through counselling, the women were convinced to not breast-feed their infants. It was documented that there was no evidence of postpartum transmission. The key for the prevention of HIV-1 transmission from mother to child is counselling and this procedure needs to be further implemented in Vietnam. The different HIV-1 subtypes might have a different response to the anti retroviral treatment. In order to evaluate this possibility we measured the changes of sCD27 levels in plasma in patients infected with HIV-1 subtypes A, or B, or C or D and treated with ART for 12 months. The sCD27 is a marker of immune activation. The data showed that sCD27 is considerably higher (p<0.001) in the HIV-1 infected group than in the control group. After 12 months of treatment, the reduction of sCD27 levels in plasma was significant for all HIV-1 subtypes (p<0.001) with the largest reduction for HIV-1 subtype C. Our results suggest that a significant reduction in immune activation could be measured after 1 year of ART for all the different subtypes; thus sCD27 can be considered as a relevant immune marker to measure response to therapy
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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