1,720,953 research outputs found
Second-life electric vehicle batteries in the Norwegian power system : a feasibility study
Full text linkAs a result of the acknowledgment of climate change and the agreements set forth to combat it, the share of renewable energies in our power systems is growing. Due to the interlinking of the European power systems, imbalances can be expected to increase in the Norwegian grid as well as in other European countries. Combined with the rising amount of distributed energy production and the electrification of the Norwegian society, it is evident that new solutions are needed.
This thesis investigates the use of used electric vehicle batteries in second-life battery systems, with the goal of determining its feasibility in the Norwegian power system. Several aspects are examined in a literature review: suitability, availability, costs, laws and regulations, and the repurposing process. In addition, an in-depth use case is conducted for the peak shaving application in south-eastern Norway.
The use case employed consumption data from one substation and its associated consumer nodes and explored peak shaving in both households and at the associated substation. Household peak shaving was achieved, but to what degree was dependent on the individual consumption patterns. The cost of the battery system was too high for it to be reasonable for households to implement these systems at current electricity prices. Substation peak shaving was most efficiently accomplished by using one large battery at the substation, although the collected peak shaving of the households also shaved the peaks at the substation. The cost of one large battery is expected to be considerably lower than the aggregated cost of the household batteries needed to achieve the same peak shaving effect as one larger battery, but it is not necessarily profitable in comparison to upgrading the substation.
The literature study revealed promising results with regards to capabilities, availability of batteries, and an increasing experience level. However, some questions remain regarding the second-life aging and lifespan. Lifespans of 4-29 years have been suggested, depending on the application. Also, guidelines and clearer regulations are needed to ensure safe handling during processing. How feasible or profitable a second-life battery system is, depends on the application, battery price, and repurposing cost. Balancing services and frequency regulation might be feasible applications today, while others could become feasible within the decade. In conclusion, second-life battery systems could have a future in the Norwegian power system, given some conditions and developments. However, it is not likely until 2025 at the earliest.Som et resultat av målsetningene til ulike klimaavtaler, er en økende andel fornybar energi på vei inn i kraftsystemene. Det europeiske kraftsystemet knyttes stadig mer sammen og resulterer i utfordringer for nettet, både i Norge og i Europa for øvrig. Dette, kombinert med en økende andel av distribuert kraftproduksjon og elektrifiseringen av det norske samfunnet, gir opphav til et behov for nye løsninger.
Denne masteroppgaven har som hovedmål å finne ut om gjenbrukte elbilbatterier har en fremtid i det norske kraftsystemet. For å avgjøre dette, er flere faktorer blitt undersøkt i en litteraturstudie: egnethet, tilgjengelighet, kostnader, lover og forskrifter og hvordan slike batterier kan gjenbrukes. I tillegg til litteraturstudiet er det uført en case-studie for såkalt "peak shaving" i Hvaler, sør-øst i Norge.
Case-studiet er basert på forbruksdata fra en nettstasjon og dens tilknyttede kunder, og undersøker peak shaving ved hjelp av simuleringer for både husholdninger og nettstasjonen de er knyttet til. Forbrukskutt ble oppnådd i varierende grad for husholdningene, avhengig av forbruksmønster. Kostanden til batterisystemet viste seg å uansett være for høy til at det vil lønne seg for husholdningskunder. Den samlede effekten av forbrukskutt hos husholdningene førte til redusert forbruk hos nettstasjonen også, men ett enkelt stort batteri gjorde jobben mer effektivt. I tillegg er kostnaden forventet å være betydelig lavere, men ikke nødvendigvis et mer lønnsomt alternativ til en eventuell oppgradering av nettstasjonen.
Litteraturstudiet ga lovende resultater når det kom til egnethet og tilgjengelighet av batterier. Kunnskapsnivået ser også ut til å være stigende. På den andre siden gjenstår en del spørsmål angående aldring og levetid for gjenbrukte batterier. En levetid på 4-29 år har blitt foreslått, avhengig av bruksområde. Det er også behov for tydeligere retningslinjer og forskrifter for håndtering av brukte elbilbatterier. Lønnsomheten til disse batterisystemene avhenger av batteripris, prosesseringskostnader og bruksområde. Systemer brukt i nettjenester, som frekvensregulering, kan være levedyktige allerede i dag. Andre bruksområder kan bli lønnsomme innen dette tiåret. Altså kan gjenbrukte elbilbatterier ha en fremtid i det norske kraftsystemet, gitt noen forutsetninger. Likevel virker det ikke sannsynlig at dette skjer før tidligst 2025.M-M
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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