131,050 research outputs found
Measuring environmental policy change: Conceptual alternatives and research implications. IHS Political Science Series 125, October 2011
No full textThe study of policy change has been receiving increasing scholarly attention. Despite the growing number of empirical studies on policy change, the definition and measurement of the concept has made limited progress. In comparative environmental policy research, for instance, most existing large n studies rely on impact data such as pollutant emissions to approximate processes of policy change, often without discussing the conceptual implications of this measurement approach. Against this background, this article proposes a new measurement concept for empirically assessing environmental policy change, which conceives of policy change in terms of changes in policy outputs. We illustrate our measurement concept on the basis of an original dataset covering the evolution of clean air policies in 24 advanced democracies over a period of almost three decades (1976-2003). In a second step, we evaluate the relationship between our measurement of environmental policy change and standard emission data representing the most widely used proxy in the literature. Our findings suggest that clean air policies cannot be consistently associated with emission levels, therefore calling into question the viability of environmental impact data for the study of the determinants of policy change
YALÇIN TOSUN ÖYKÜLERİNDE GELENEKSEL ATAERKİL ERKEK VE KADIN KİMLİKLERİNİN İNŞASI
No full textBu çalışmanın amacı, Yalçın Tosun öykülerinden örneklerle geleneksel ataerkil kadınlık ve erkeklik kimliklerinin inşa ediliş yollarını ortaya koymaktır. Yazara ait yazın evreninin kısaca tanıtıldığı giriş bölümünden sonra, birinci bölümde, sünnetle inşa edilen erkeklik kavramının ele alındığı “Her Şey Tarih Oluyor” (Anne, Baba ve Diğer Ölümcül Şeyler, 2009); ikinci bölümde, altın günü için bir araya gelen kadınların gündelik yaşamının anlatıldığı “Altın Günü” (Peruk Gibi Hüzünlü, 2011); üçüncü bölümde, sürekli olarak aldatılma korkusu yaşayan bir erkek eşin şiddet eğilimini merkeze alan “Bir Kocanın Gizli Defterinden” (Dokunma Dersleri, 2013); dördüncü bölümde ise, bir lokanta sahibi olan Azmi Efendi ve kadın müşterisi arasındaki ilişkiye odaklanan “Güzel Yüzlü Garsonlar” (Bir Nedene Sunuldum, 2015) öyküleri incelenmektedir. Sonuç olarak, Yalçın Tosun’un, geleneksel ataerkil erkeklik ve kadınlık rolleriyle ilişkili unsurları doğrudan yansıtma ve bozuma uğratma gibi yaklaşımlarla ele aldığı ve öykülerinde bu durumun birçok izine rastlandığı fark edilmiştir.
Anahtar Sözcükler: Cinsiyet kimliği, cinsiyet söylemi, yeni Türk edebiyatı, kısa öykü, Yalçın Tosun
Duktus venozus s/d oran na göre düzeltilmi alfa fetoprotein düzeyinin yalanc pozitiflik oran n azaltmas
No full textAMAÇ: Fetal karaci er ço unlukla duktus venozus arac l y- la umbilikal venden beslenmektedir. Alfa Fetoprotein (AFP) fe- tal karaci erde üretilip, salg lanmaktad r. Çal mam zda, se- rum AFP düzeyine duktus venozus ve umbilikal kan ak m n n etkisi incelendi. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çal maya 16-20 hafta gebeli i olan 60 kad n al nd . Olgular AFP seviyeleri 2 MoM üzeri (n46) ve al- t (n14) olarak ikiye ayr ld . Tüm olgular serum AFP ölçümü ile Doppler görüntülemede duktus venozus ve umbilikal arter S/D oran de erlendirmesine yönlendirildi. Duktus venozus ve umbilikal arter kan ak m n n serum AFP seviyesi üzerine olan etkisi ara t r ld . BULGULAR: Umbilikal arter ve duktus venozus kan ak m n n serum AFP seviyesi ile ili kili oldu u saptand (p0.05). Yüksek AFP seviyesi olan olgularda, umbilikal arter ve duktus venozus S/D oranlar belirgin olarak dü üktü (p0.05). SONUÇ: Çal mam zda duktus venozus ve umbilikal arter kan ak m n n serum AFP seviyesini etkileyebilece i ön görülmekte- dir. AFP düzeyinin bu faktörlere göre yeniden düzenlenmesi, Nöral Tüp Defekti te hisinde prediktif de erini art rabilir.OBJECTIVE: Fetal liver is mostly perfused by umbilical vein via ductus venosus and AFP is synthesized and secreted from fetal liver. In this study we tried to determine the effect of ductus venosus and umbil- ical blood flow on serum AFP levels STUDY DESIGN: Sixty women with 16-20 weeks of gestation were enrolled for the study. Subjects were divided into two: AFP levels lower (n46) and higher than 2 MomS MoMs (n14). All participants un- derwent serum AFP, ductus venosus and umbilical artery Doppler Doppler S/D screening. Effect of duc- tus venosus and umbilical artery blood flow on serum AFP levels were analyzed. RESULTS: Ductus venosus (AUC0.945, P2 MoM be- came 1.98 MoM after adjustment. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that Ductus venosus and umbilical artery S/D value adjusted serum AFP levels may have lower false positive rates
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Imaging of central nervous system tumors
No full textÇo u santral sinir sistemi (SSS) tümörlerinin ve tümör olmayan lezyonlar n oldukçabenzer görünümler sergilemesinden dolay rutin Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme(MRG) sekanslar n n özgüllükleri bunlar ay rmada yetersizdir. SSS tümörlerinin ay r c tan s nda anahtar unsurlar, lezyonun lokalizasyonu (intra- veya extra-aksiyel, infraveyasupra-tentoriyal) ile birlikte hastan n ya d r. Multiparametrik MRG tekniklerini(Spektroskopi, Difüzyon A rl kl Görüntüleme, Difüzyon Tensor Görüntüleme, PerfüzyonA rl kl Görüntüleme, Fonksiyonel MRG), tümörün mikroskobik ve fonksiyoneldavran na ili kin (hücresel yo unluk, neo-vaskularizasyon, kapiller s z nt ve metabolitler gibi) bilgiler sunar. leri multiparametrik görüntüleme teknikleri SSStümörü olan hastalar n te hisi, yönetimi ve takibinde kesin ve güvenilir invaziv olmayanbir yöntem sunar.Many Central Nerve System (CNS) tumors and even non tumoral lesions may showa very similar imaging appearance; therefore, routine Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) are lack of specificity to differentiate these lesions. The key points in the differentialdiagnosis of CNS tumors are the location of the lesion (intra- or extra-axial,infra- or extra-tentorial) and the age of the patient. Multiparametric MRI techniques(Spectroscopy, Diffusion Weighted Imaging, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, PerfusionWeighted Imaging, Functional MRI) reveal the information about the microscopicand functional behaviors of the tumor (cellular density, neo-vascularization, capillaryleakage and metabolites, etc). Advanced multiparametric imaging tools support thediagnosis, management and follow-up of patients with CNS tumors as an accurateand reliable noninvasive technique
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Spinor Bishop Equations of Curves in Euclidean 3-Space
No full textIn this paper, we study spinor Bishop equations of curves in . We research the spinor formulations of curves according to Bishop frames in . Also, the relations between spinor formulations of Bishop frames and Frenet frame are expressed
Dual Lorentzian spherical motions and dual Euler-Savary formula
No full textIn this paper, defining one-parameter dual Lorentzian motion in three-dimensional dual Lorentzian space D(1)(3) and we have obtained the relations between the absolute, relative and sliding velocities of these motions. In addition we have given the interconnections between one-parameter dual Lorentzian motion in three-dimensional dual Lorentzian space D(1)(3) and one-parameter Lorentzian motion in three-dimensional Lorentzian space, IR(1)(3) . Furthermore, the correlations between the fixed and the moving dual pole curves of one-parameter dual Lorentzian motion have been obtained. At the end of the study dual Euler-Savary formula for one-parameter dual Lorentzian motion has been given. (c) 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved
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