1,720,971 research outputs found
Genetic Diversity and Identification of Specific Production Character Markers of Oil Palm Progeny and Parent with SSR Marker
No full textThis thesis studies the relationship between microsatellite markers with the character of the production of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in an attempt to get specific markers that can be useful in the parental selection. The first experiment was carried out by observing the genetic diversity of 80 progeny palm oil that has been classified by the character of high and and low production. Each of these 20 individuals were observed for the characters of oil to bunch (OB), bunch number (BN), oil yield (OY) and fresh fruit bunches (FFB). The results showed a fairly high genetic diversity of the four characters, which is shown by the quite high average percentage of polymorphic and PIC, ie 52.78% and 0.51. Construction of dendogram based on UPGMA can distinguish the characters from one to another by the percentage of genetic similarity 56-100% or ~44% of genetic diversity. The separation of the characters into the four groups was also confirmed using PCoA (Principle Coordinate Analysis). It also found the specific markers for the characters observed, ie one marker specific to the character of OB, four markers specific to the character of BN, one marker specific to the character of OY and two marker specific to the character of FFB. The second experiment was conducted to identify specific markers of the four characters. Correlation and stepwise regression approach used in this experiment. The results showed that there are 11 specific markers were obtained using the correlation approach, as well as 16 specific markers obtained using stepwise regression approach. From the results it is known that one marker positively correlated and regressed to the OB, two markers positively correlated and regressed to the BN, one marker positively regressed to OY, but only one marker that positively correlated to OY, and no one is positively correlated or regressed to FFB. The third experiment was conducted to determine the genetic diversity of Dura parents which is used as female parent in experiments 1 and 2, and its role in the diversity of the four characters tested. Two populations of Dura selfing with 30 samples per population used for analysis. The analysis showed parental separation into two groups based on the selfing. Group A, with ~20% genetic diversity, is the result of D1 selfing. While Group B, with ~28% genetic diversity is the result of D2 selfing. Both genetic material has a low genetic diversity within groups, but higher genetic diversity between group (~ 68%), as well as confirmed by PCoA and Structure. The results of t-test analysis showed that the pair D1 and D2 with a fourth character, has a significant effect on the character of the OB, OY and FFB, while the character of BN, Dura influence is not significant
Analysis of somatic embryogenesis of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) using temporary immersion system.
No full textMicropropagation of oil palm through somatic emrbyogenesis is still not efficient because low percentage of somatic embryo formation and germinating somatic embryo. The objectives of these research are to obtain the best of (i) liquid medium used in shaker technique, (ii) medium and immersion time in Temporary Immersion System (TIS), (iii) to identify the marker of embryogenic callus with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and (iv) to identify genetic changing in vitro (off-type) from 14 months of somatic embryo with Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR). The planting materials were embryogenic callus of embryoid-lines S15.355 and S82.132. Two types of medium consisted of MSK and MSD were tested in shaker technique, with the addition of several vitamines and combination of 0; 0.3; 0.6; 0.9 mg/L 2,4-D with 0; 4.0; 8.0 mg/L NAA. Medium MSD0 and MSD2 were used in TIS with every 1, 3, and 6 hours of immersion time and immersed in 3 minutes. Analysis marker for embryogenic and non embryogenic callus conducted by SEM and molecular marker by 20 microsatellite primers. The results showed that medium MSD2 is the best for increasing the proliferation of embryogenic callus and enlarging the somatic embryo of oil palm. Besides, types of genotypes gave different proliferation rate in diferrent medium composition and immersion time. The immersion time of 1, 3, and 6 hour showed no significant difference in increasing rate of embryogenic callus fresh weight for embryoid-line S15.355 and S82.132, respectively. Embryogenic callus analysed by SEM showed that embryogenic callus had smoother and lighter surfaces compared with non embryogenic callus. The result of SSR analysis showed that only 10 primers gave polimorphic bands and the others gave monomorphic. There was no genetic changing in vitro (off-type) from 14 months of samples
Pemanfaatan Teknologi In Vitro Untuk Pengembangan Spora Gigaspora margarita Dan Acaulospora tuberculata
Full text linkCendawan mikorhiza arbuskular (CMA) adalah mikroorganisme bersifat simbion obligat. Perbanyakan CMA secara konvensional menggunakan kultur pot, menghadapi beberapa kendala karena terkontaminasi mikroorganisme lain, dan keterbatasan lahan. Salah satu upaya menanggulangi masalah tersebut adalah memanfaatkan teknologi kultur in vitro. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (i) mendapatkan akar rambut yang mampu beradaptasi pada kultur ganda secara in vitro, (ii) mendapatkan tempat tumbuh dan inang kompatibel untuk perkembangan G margarita dan A. tuberculata secara konvensional, (iii) mendapatkan teknik sterilisasi spora dan inokulum steril CMA uji dengan eksplan tomat dan wortel, (iv) mengembangkan G. margarita dan A. tuberculata secara in vitro dengan teknologi akar rambut wortel, dan (v) teknik enkapsulasi spora dan propagul CMA dengan Na-alginat
Characterization on abnormalities ofoilpalm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) somatic embryos
No full textKelapa sawit merupakan tanaman penghasil minyak nabati utama di Indonesia dan memegang peranan penting untuk memenuhi kebutuhan minyak nabati dalam negeri. Untuk meningkatkan peranan kelapa sawit dilakukan intensifikasi dan ekstensifikasi tanaman kelapa sawit. Untuk mencapai peningkatan perluasan areal pertanaman kelapa sawit membutuhkan bibit yang sangat besar. Salah satu cara penyediaan bibit kelapa sawit dapat melalui kultur jaringan. Kelebihan melalui kultur jaringan adalah mampu menghasilkan bibit dalam jumlah yang banyak dalam waktu yang relatif singkat. Namun demikian, kendala utama bibit hasil kultur jaringan adalah masalah abnormalitas pada organ reproduktif yang diduga terkait dengan perubahan genetik dan epigenetik selama masa pembentukan embrio somatik (ES).Oilpalm is the most important vegetable oil producing plant in Indonesia. A mass production of oilpalm transplants to support new oilpalm estate can be conducted through tissue culture. However, the primary problem of tissue culture generated transplants is increasingly reproductive abnormality of somatic embryos at several growth stag
Genetic Diversity of DxP Population Yield Component in Oil Palm's Paternal Half-sib Family based on Microsatellite Markers
No full textAbstractOil palm is a commodity that has potential to be transferred to biodiesel. This study is aimed to elucidate genetic diversity of four population based on yield component, using 27 microsatellites. Analysis of banding pattern resulted average polymorphic loci and PIC are 52.78% and 0.51. One, three, one and two markers specific to the group OB, BN, OY and FFB, respectively. Cluster analysis revealed level of genetic diversity and similarity at 0.56 and 0.78-0.98, which is succesfully separated the four population, as well as confirmed by PCoA, indicated that can be used to elucidate specific markers corresponding to populations used
Analysis of Phorbolester Content During Growth and Development of Jatropha curcas Fruits
Full text linkUtilization of Jatropha curcas seed meal as animal feed is limited by the presence of toxic compounds. Phorbolester present in Jatropha curcas as a family of compounds known to cause a large number of biological effects such as tumor promoters. The aim of this research is measure phorbolester content during growth and development of Jatropha curcas fruit. Phorbolester extracted by sonification method and analysed by UPLC using phosphoric acid and acetonitrile as mobile phase. Jatropha curcas fruit has ripe in the fifth week because of yellowing of fruit capsule. Toxic genotypes of Jatropha curcas has higher phorobol ester content than non-toxic genotypes approximately 182.1 and 55.2 ng/g respectively. Fruit capsule (122.2 ng/g) has higher phorbolester content than fruit seed (115.2 ng/g). It is due to biosynthesis of diterpene that occur in plastid. Biosynthesis of phorbolester possibly occured in initiation and maturation of fruit because the high level of phorbolester occur in the first and fifth week.Keywords: Jatropha curcas, toxic genotypes, non-toxic genotypes, fruit seed, fruit capsul
AN SNP MARKER POTENTIALLY LINKED TO SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS OF OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis)
Full text linkOil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is one of the most important oil-bearing crops in the world. This crop can be vegetatively propagated only using tissue culture technique. Oil palm tissue culture technique has low efficiency, with callogenesis and embryogenesis stages as the limiting factors. Genetic factor has a major role in determining the success rate of these two stages. The use of molecular markers which represent the rate of embryogenesis or callogenesis has the potential to improve the efficiency of oil palm tissue culture process. In this study, SNP mining was conducted on embryogenesis transcriptome data, oil palm cDNA database, oil palm genome database, and oil palm SNP marker database in NCBI. The objective of this study was to obtain SNP marker which represents the embryogenesis potential, to be further used in marker-assisted selection of oil palm ortets. One SNP (EMB6) showed significant association with embryogenesis rate. This SNP was found in one of Auxin Response Factor (ARF) family genes. The nucleotide replacement from adenine to guanine changed the 307ⁿᵈ amino acid from isoleucine to methionine. Oil palms with adenine homozygote (A/A) pattern on EMB6 showed an 8-fold higher chance to produce significantly higher embryogenesis rate than adenine–guanine heterozygote (A/G)
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF OIL PALM SHOOTS UNDER DIFFERENT LIGHT QUALITIES
Full text linkLight is one of the most important factor in plant tissue culture. The growth and development of plant in vitro are affected by light quality. This study examines the influence of different light qualities on the in vitro growth and development of oil palm shoots. Oil palm shoots were cultured in Murashige & Skoog medium under either white fluorescent lamp, white light-emitting diode (LED), red LED, blue LED, combination of red and blue LED, or in darkness. The results show that the growth and development of oil palm shoots are influenced by the light quality. Root initiation and shoot elongation were good under red light, while chlorophyll and sugar content was better produced under white and blue light than red light. In addition to white fluorescent lamp, the combination of red and blue LED resulted in higher growth parameter compared to other light treatments, but the results were not significantly different
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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