116 research outputs found
Overweight/obesity and respiratory and allergic disease in children: international study of asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC) phase two.
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Childhood obesity and asthma are increasing worldwide. A possible link between the two conditions has been postulated.
METHODS: Cross-sectional studies of stratified random samples of 8-12-year-old children (n = 10 652) (16 centres in affluent and 8 centres in non-affluent countries) used the standardized methodology of ISAAC Phase Two. Respiratory and allergic symptoms were ascertained by parental questionnaires. Tests for allergic disease were performed. Height and weight were measured, and overweight and obesity were defined according to international definitions. Prevalence rates and prevalence odds ratios were calculated.
RESULTS: Overweight (odds ratio = 1.14, 95%-confidence interval: 0.98; 1.33) and obesity (odds ratio = 1.67, 95%-confidence interval: 1.25; 2.21) were related to wheeze. The relationship was stronger in affluent than in non-affluent centres. Similar results were found for cough and phlegm, rhinitis and eczema but the associations were mostly driven by children with wheeze. There was a clear association of overweight and obesity with airways obstruction (change in FEV1/FVC, -0.90, 95%-confidence interval: -1.33%; -0.47%, for overweight and -2.46%, 95%-confidence interval: -3.84%; -1.07%, for obesity) whereas the results for the other objective markers, including atopy, were null.
CONCLUSIONS: Our data from a large international child population confirm that there is a strong relation of body mass index with wheeze especially in affluent countries. Moreover, body mass index is associated with an objective marker of airways obstruction (FEV1/FVC) but no other objective markers of respiratory and allergic disorders
Aplicación de la ingeniería de requisitos para el diseño de un software financiero de la unión provincial de cooperativas de ahorro y crédito de Chimborazo
No full textLa “Unión Provincial de Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito de Chimborazo – UPROCACH” requiere una herramienta automatizada para la generación de reportes financieros, por lo que, dentro del presente Trabajo de Titulación se planteó como objetivo aplicar la Ingeniería de Requisitos para el diseño de un software financiero para dicha organización. Se emplearon los métodos analítico, deductivo y experimental, además como técnicas de recolección de datos se utilizó la revisión de artículos científicos, revistas, entre otras con el fin de dar cumplimiento a cada uno de los objetivos específicos. En cuanto a la metodología de desarrollo de software se usó la Métrica Versión 3, que ayudó a ordenar y documentar el diseño del software financiero, empleando las fases de: Planificación de Sistemas de Información y Desarrollo de Sistemas de Información. Además, se aplicó el modelo de evaluación de calidad de requisitos propuesto en el artículo “Impact of Requirements on Software Quality” para la creación de un cuestionario que permita evaluar cada uno de los atributos de calidad. Bajo este modelo, se alcanzó un 94.88% en la calidad total de los requisitos, distribuidos de la siguiente manera: 11.68% en el atributo de necesidad, 14.88% en viabilidad, 19.20% en consistencia, 11.52% en corrección, 15.36% en completitud, 11.04% en no ambigüedad y 11.20% en priorización. Se concluye que la aplicación de la Ingeniería de Requisitos ayuda a mejorar la comunicación entre los miembros del proyecto y asegurar que los requisitos estén alineados con lo que realmente el usuario necesita. Se recomienda adoptar la metodología Métrica Versión 3 ya que por su flexibilidad se puede adaptar a los cambios del proyecto brindando así un respaldo organizativo al proceso del desarrollo del software.The " Unión Provincial de Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito de Chimborazo – UPROCACH" requires an automated tool for generating financial reports. Therefore, the objective of this degree project was to apply Requirements Engineering for the design of financial software for this organization. Analytical, deductive, and experimental methods were utilized, along with data collection techniques such as reviewing scientific articles, journals, among others, to fulfill each of the specific objectives. The software development methodology employed was Métrica Version 3, which helped organize and document the design of the financial software, utilizing the phases of Information Systems Planning and Information Systems Development. Additionally, the quality evaluation model for requirements proposed in the article "Impact of Requirements on Software Quality" was applied to create a questionnaire that evaluates each quality attribute. A total quality score of 94.88% was achieved for the requirements under this model, distributed as follows: 11.68% in necessity, 14.88% in feasibility, 19.20% in consistency, 11.52% in correctness, 15.36% in completeness, 11.04% in non-ambiguity, and 11.20% in prioritization. It is concluded that the application of Requirements Engineering helps improve communication among project members and ensures that the requirements align with what the user truly needs. It is recommended to adopt the Métrica Version 3 methodology, as its flexibility allows adaptation to project changes, thus providing organizational support throughout the software development process
Desarrollo de un sistema web para la automatización del proceso de calendarización de riego para el Centro Experimental del Riego de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo
Get PDFEl presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo principal desarrollar un sistema informático web para la automatización del proceso de calendarización de riego para el Centro Experimental del Riego (CER) de la Escuela Superior Politécnica del Chimborazo. Para obtener la información necesaria para comprender el proceso, se utilizó las siguientes técnicas de investigación: observación y revisión de documentación. Se implementó este software con la ayuda de la metodología ágil SCRUM gestionando las actividades y tareas por medio de la herramienta Target Process, metodología que permitió implementar la mayoría de requisitos iniciales del software. Para el desarrollo del sistema informático se utilizó herramientas de software de libre acceso como por ejemplo: Entorno de desarrollo integrado (IDE) Netbeans 8.2, Boostrap 4 como gestor de base de datos PostgreSQL 9.5 y Payara Server. El software implementado se lo evaluó por medio de la métrica tiempo de respuesta y utilización de recursos, correspondiente a la eficiencia según la norma ISO 25010. Al evaluar la eficiencia de la aplicación web y luego de cuantificar el tiempo que se demoraban los usuarios en elaborar un calendario de riego de manera manual y después de manera automática, se obtuvo los siguientes resultados: en el nivel básico se redujo el tiempo en un 93.2%, en el nivel intermedio un 89.71% y en el nivel avanzado un 90%, teniendo un promedio de reducción del tiempo de un 90.97%. El software realizado en esta investigación ayuda a reducir los tiempos empleados en desarrollar un calendario de riego. Se recomienda agregar más cultivos para ampliar el alcance de la aplicación web además de ejecutarla en el navegador Internet Explorer dado que es el que consume 245.85MB de memoria RAM y el 19.85% de capacidad del procesador, cantidades menores en relación a otros navegadores evaluados.The main objective of this research work was to develop a web computer system for the automation of the irrigation scheduling process for the Experimental Irrigation Center (CER) of the Escuela Superior Politécnica del Chimborazo. To obtain the necessary information to understand the process, the following investigation techniques were used: observation and documentation review. This software was implemented with the help of the agile SCRUM methodology, managing activities and tasks through the Target Process tool, a methodology that allowed the implementation of most of the initial software requirements. For the development of the computer system, free access software tools were used, such as: Integrated development environment (IDE) Netbeans 8.2, Boostrap 4 as PostgreSQL 9.5 database manager and Payara Server. The implemented software was evaluated by means of the metric response time and resource utilization, corresponding to the efficiency according to the ISO 25010 standard. When evaluating the efficiency of the web application and after quantifying the time it took users to elaborate a manual irrigation schedule and then automatically, the following results were obtained: at the basic level the time was reduced by 93.2%, at the intermediate level by 89.71% and at the advanced level by 90%, having a average time reduction of 90.97%. The software made in this research helps reduce the time spent developing an irrigation schedule. It is recommended to add more crops to expand the scope of the web application in addition to running it in the Internet Explorer browser since it consumes 245.85MB of RAM memory and 19.85% of processor capacity, smaller amounts in relation to other browsers evaluated
Diseño e implementación de un proceso industrial accionado mediante gestos usando PLC, HMI y un ordenador Monoplaca
Get PDFEl proyecto tiene como objetivo centrarse en el diseño e implementación de un proceso industrial que utiliza el reconocimiento de gestos para accionar dispositivos mediante la integración de tecnologías como PLC, HMI y un ordenador monoplaca. El documento establece la relevancia de la inteligencia y la visión artificial en la optimización de procesos industriales, en un contexto global donde países lideres cómo Estados Unidos que contiene fuertes inversiones en automatización industrial, Alemania que es pionera en la integración de sistemas ciber físicos, han invertido en la infraestructura y desarrollo de estas tecnologías. Además, la necesidad urgente de enfoques innovadores para interactuar con equipos industriales se enfatiza con nuestra solución, que sirve como un método alternativo de control directo para usuarios con discapacidades o limitaciones físicas. El proyecto tiene un objetivo, el cual es desarrollar un sistema que traduzca gestos en comandos y utilice imágenes para construir un conjunto de datos para entrenar modelos de aprendizaje automático para identificar estos gestos y establecer una interfaz de comunicación entre la computadora de plaza única y el PLC. Al utilizar acceso especifico y hardware rápido, como Raspberry Pi, para este objetivo, junto con el uso de herramientas de control y programación industrial de hoy en día, se logra una integración fluida y segura en entornos de automatización. La metodología propuesta está organizada en diferentes fases que van desde la investigación gestual y selección hasta la validación final del sistema en un escenario piloto. Primero, se completa una fase de captura ya notación de datos, seguida del desarrollo y ajuste fino de los algoritmos de procesamiento, detección y segmentación gestual. Luego, el sistema se integra mediante la configuración de protocolos de comunicación industrial, se realizan pruebas exhaustivas para maximizar la precisión y los tiempos de respuestas, y se lleva a cabo la validación en un entorno controlado, demostrando la viabilidad y el potencial de impacto de esta innovación en el campo de la automatización laboral.The project aims to focus on the design and implementation of an industrial process that uses gesture recognition to actuate devices by integrating technologies such as PLC, HMI and a single board computer. The paper establishes the relevance of artificial intelligence and vision in optimizing industrial processes, in a global context where leading countries such as the United States, which contains strong investments in industrial automation, and Germany, which is a pioneer in the integration of cyber-physical systems, have invested in the infrastructure and development of these technologies. Furthermore, the urgent need for innovative approaches to interact with industrial equipment is emphasized by our solution, which serves as an alternative method of direct control for users with disabilities or physical limitations. The project has one goal, which is to develop a system that translates gestures into commands and uses images to build a dataset to train machine learning models to identify these gestures and establish a communication interface between the single-board computer and the PLC. By using dedicated access and fast hardware, such as Raspberry Pi, for this purpose, together with the use of today's industrial programming and control tools, a smooth and secure integration into automation environments is achieved. The proposed methodology is organized in different phases ranging from gestural research and selection to the final validation of the system in a pilot scenario. First, a data capture and annotation phase is completed, followed by the development and fine-tuning of the gesture processing, detection and segmentation algorithms. Then, the system is integrated by configuring industrial communication protocols, exhaustive tests are performed to maximize accuracy and response times, and finally validation is carried out in a controlled environment, demonstrating the feasibility and impact potential of this innovation in the field of labor automation
Universo IoT Sensores, dispositivos, redes y protocolos de comunicación en el internet de las cosas
No full text-- Fundamentos capas y componentes del IoT
-- Hardware en el IoT
-- Protocolos y redes de comunicación
-- Tratamiento y estudio de datos en las verticales de IO
Green areas as an element of urban configuration: relationship between their management and the quality of the environment
No full textEfficient management of green areas is essential to improve the quality of urban life; in the current context, these spaces contribute to the physical and mental health of the inhabitants, foster social cohesion, promote economic development, and help build more sustainable and resilient cities in the face of environmental challenges. Under this premise, the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the management of green areas and the quality of urban life in the city of Juliaca, 2024; for this purpose, a non-experimental, correlational and cross-sectional design was used. The sample consisted of 192 residents of the main parks and squares of the unit of analysis, to whom an instrument was applied, with a reliability of 0.808. The results were a correlation coefficient of Rho=0.617 and a value of p=0.000, which indicate the existence of a moderate to strong positive correlation between the management of green areas and the quality of urban life in the city of Juliaca. It is concluded that it is critically important to improve the management of these spaces as a key strategy to improve the overall well-being of the inhabitants; local authorities, architects, urban planners and the community must work together to develop and maintain green areas that contribute positively to a healthier, more inclusive and sustainable urban life
Green areas as an element of urban configuration: relationship between their management and the quality of the environment
No full textEfficient management of green areas is essential to improve the quality of urban life; in the current context, these spaces contribute to the physical and mental health of the inhabitants, foster social cohesion, promote economic development, and help build more sustainable and resilient cities in the face of environmental challenges. Under this premise, the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the management of green areas and the quality of urban life in the city of Juliaca, 2024; for this purpose, a non-experimental, correlational and cross-sectional design was used. The sample consisted of 192 residents of the main parks and squares of the unit of analysis, to whom an instrument was applied, with a reliability of 0.808. The results were a correlation coefficient of Rho=0.617 and a value of p=0.000, which indicate the existence of a moderate to strong positive correlation between the management of green areas and the quality of urban life in the city of Juliaca. It is concluded that it is critically important to improve the management of these spaces as a key strategy to improve the overall well-being of the inhabitants; local authorities, architects, urban planners and the community must work together to develop and maintain green areas that contribute positively to a healthier, more inclusive and sustainable urban life
Can environment or allergy explain international variation in prevalence of wheeze in childhood?
Get PDFAsthma prevalence in children varies substantially around the world, but the contribution of known risk factors to this international variation is uncertain. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Two studied 8–12 year old children in 30 centres worldwide with parent-completed symptom and risk factor questionnaires and aeroallergen skin prick testing. We used multilevel logistic regression modelling to investigate the effect of adjustment for individual and ecological risk factors on the between-centre variation in prevalence of recent wheeze. Adjustment for single individual-level risk factors changed the centre-level variation from a reduction of up to 8.4% (and 8.5% for atopy) to an increase of up to 6.8%. Modelling the 11 most influential environmental factors among all children simultaneously, the centre-level variation changed little overall (2.4% increase). Modelling only factors that decreased the variance, the 6 most influential factors (synthetic and feather quilt, mother’s smoking, heating stoves, dampness and foam pillows) in combination resulted in a 21% reduction in variance. Ecological (centre-level) risk factors generally explained higher proportions of the variation than did individual risk factors. Single environmental factors and aeroallergen sensitisation measured at the individual (child) level did not explain much of the between-centre variation in wheeze prevalence
INNOVA Transformación Digital e Innovación Tecnológica en el Ecosistema 4.0.
No full textINNOVA 4.0: Digital Transformation and Technological Innovation in the 4.0 Ecosystem is a comprehensive work that addresses the fundamentals and strategies of innovation in the context of Digital Transformation. The book guides the reader through a knowledge journey starting with fundamental principles and key strategies, providing a conceptual foundation. It delves into processes, methods, and tools for managing technological innovation, especially in the context of Industry 4.0. The focus shifts towards concrete solutions, contextualizing innovation and digital transformation in Industry 4.0. The book focuses on the effective direction, management, and execution of digital transformation projects, offering a detailed guide to successfully lead such initiatives. It completes the circle by addressing the monitoring of transformation processes and technological innovation, providing precise tools to continuously assess and optimize results. This study is based on a rigorous methodological approach that combines literature review, analysis of successful cases, and practical application. The results highlight the importance of strategic planning, interdisciplinary collaboration, and adaptability in the digital transformation process. In conclusion, it emphasizes the need for a holistic approach that integrates technology, people, and processes to achieve sustainable success in the digital era.INNOVA 4.0: Transformación Digital e Innovación Tecnológica en el Ecosistema 4.0, es una obra integral que aborda los fundamentos y estrategias para la innovación en el contexto de la Transformación Digital, el libro guía al lector a través de un conocimiento que comienza con los principios fundamentales y estrategias clave, proporcionando una base conceptual. Se profundiza en procesos, métodos y herramientas para la gestión de la innovación tecnológica, especialmente en el entorno de la industria 4.0. El enfoque se desplaza hacia soluciones concretas, contextualiza la innovación y la transformación digital en la industria 4.0. Se centra en la dirección, gestión y ejecución efectiva de proyectos de transformación digital, proporcionando una guía detallada para liderar con éxito iniciativas de este tipo. Cierra el círculo al abordar el seguimiento a los procesos de transformación e innovación tecnológica, brindando herramientas precisas para evaluar y optimizar continuamente los resultados. Este estudio se fundamenta en un enfoque metodológico riguroso que combina revisión bibliográfica, análisis de casos de éxito y aplicación práctica. Los resultados destacan la importancia de la planificación estratégica, la colaboración interdisciplinaria y la adaptabilidad en el proceso de transformación digital. Como conclusión, se enfatiza la necesidad de un enfoque holístico que integre tecnología, personas y procesos para alcanzar el éxito sostenible en la era digital
Anclaje bio-cultural del nopal verdura en Tlalnepantla (Morelos), México
Get PDFThe prickly pear cactus is a source of food with strong bio-cultural anchorage in Mexico. This is due to at least three factors: 1) the nature and heritage of cacti; 2) cultural heritage; and 3) the socio-cultural relationships with historical and symbolic roots that have facilitated knowledge of how to cultivate it and how to use it. The aim of this article is to put factors of territorial anchorage and its historical transformation in context by examining the case of the municipality of Tlalnepantla in the state of Morelos, Mexico. This community has experienced accelerated change due to the exchange of traditional crops for the prickly pear cactus and the integration of farming, commercialization and agro-transformation. Our hypothesis is that the market, internal conflicts and a lack of socio-institutional coordination have put social organization into crisis, favoring the territorial spread of the prickly pear cactus and making the Local Agro-Food Systems (LAFS) of Tlalnepantla less competitive. The conclusions highlight important economic and social advances whose roots lie in the strengthening and anchorage of the territory-product. However, circumstances both internal and external to the community persist, such as intra-community conflicts, the international market and cultural paradigm shifts that affect the producers and put consolidation of the LAFS at risk.El nopal es un alimento con un fuerte anclaje bio-cultural en México, propiciado por al menos tres factores: 1) la naturaleza y el patrimonio de cactáceas; 2) el patrimonio cultural; y, 3) las relaciones socio-culturales que han permitido un “saber hacer” y un “saber utilizar” con raíces históricas y simbólicas. El objetivo es situar los factores de anclaje territorial y su transformación histórica tomando como caso el municipio de Tlalnepantla, en el estado de Morelos, México. Esta comunidad ha experimentado un acelerado cambio por la reconversión de los cultivos tradicionales por el nopal y la integración del cultivo, comercialización y agrotransformación. La hipótesis de la que se parte, es que el mercado, los conflictos internos y la falta de coordinación socioinstitucional han puesto en crisis la organización social, favoreciendo la difusión territorial del nopal, haciendo perder competitividad al Sistema Agroalimentario Local (SIAL) de Tlalnepantla. Las conclusiones resaltan importantes avances económicos y sociales que tienen sus bases en el afianzamiento y anclaje del territorio-producto, pero aún existen circunstancias internas y externas a la comunidad tales como conflictos intracomunitarios, el mercado internacional y el cambio de paradigmas culturales que afectan a los productores y que ponen en riesgo la consolidación del SIAL
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