897 research outputs found
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Radula synthesis by three species of iron mineralizing molluscs: production rate and elemental demand
No full textA cold-shock technique was used to determine radula production rates for the chitons Acanthopleura hirtosa and Plaxiphora albida, and for the limpet Patelloida alticostata, which replaced their radular teeth at rates of 0.40, 0.36 and 0.51 rows d-1, respectively. These rates are far slower than those determined previously for non-iron-mineralizing molluscs, suggesting that the improved working life of the teeth afforded by iron-mineralization acts to significantly reduce replacement rates. In addition, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy has been used to determine the quantity of iron and other elements comprising the radula of each species. These data, used in conjunction with the radula production rates, reveal that A. hirtosa, Plaxiphora albida and Patelloida alticostata have daily radula mineralization requirements for iron of 3.06, 4.12 and 0.55 μg, respectively. Such information is vital for continuing studies related to the cellular delivery of ions and subsequent biomineralization of the tooth cusps in chitons and limpets
Within-guild dietary discrimination from 3-D textural analysis of tooth microwear in insectivorous mammals
No full textResource exploitation and competition for food are important selective pressures in animal evolution. A number of recent investigations have focused on linkages between diversification, trophic morphology and diet in bats, partly because their roosting habits mean that for many bat species diet can be quantified relatively easily through faecal analysis. Dietary analysis in mammals is otherwise invasive, complicated, time consuming and expensive. Here we present evidence from insectivorous bats that analysis of three-dimensional (3-D) textures of tooth microwear using International Organization for Standardization (ISO) roughness parameters derived from sub-micron surface data provides an additional, powerful tool for investigation of trophic resource exploitation in mammals. Our approach, like scale-sensitive fractal analysis, offers considerable advantages over twodimensional (2-D) methods of microwear analysis, including improvements in robustness, repeatability and comparability of studies. Our results constitute the first analysis of microwear textures in carnivorous mammals based on ISO roughness parameters. They demonstrate that the method is capable of dietary discrimination, even between cryptic species with subtly different diets within trophic guilds, and even when sample sizes are small. We find significant differences in microwear textures between insectivore species whose diet contains different proportions of ‘hard’ prey (such as beetles) and ‘soft’ prey (such as moths), and multivariate analyses are able to distinguish between species with different diets based solely on their tooth microwear textures. Our results show that, compared with previous 2-D analyses of microwear in bats, ISO roughness parameters provide a much more sophisticated characterization of the nature of microwear surfaces and can yield more robust and subtle dietary discrimination. ISO-based textural analysis of tooth microwear thus has a useful role to play, complementing existing approaches, in trophic analysis of mammals, both extant and extinct
Letter to the editor: Reply to J. J. Child, Crim. L.R. 2010, 12, 924-932
No full textResponds to J.J. Child's article in this issue criticising the conclusions reach by the author in his article "The conflict between the Serious Crime Act 2007 and section 1(4)(b) Criminal Attempts Act 1981 - a missed repeal?", (Crim. L.R. 2010, 6, 483-488)
Some Comments on the Question Whether Co-occurrence Data Should Be Normalized
No full textIn a recent paper in the Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Leydesdorff and Vaughan assert that raw cocitation data should be analyzed directly, without first applying a normalization like the Pearson correlation. In this report, it is argued that there is nothing wrong with the widely adopted practice of normalizing cocitation data. One of the arguments put forward by Leydesdorff and Vaughan turns out to depend crucially on incorrect multidimensional scaling maps that are due to an error in the PROXSCAL program in SPSS.Multidimensional scaling;Author cocitation analysis;Co-occurrence data;Normalization;PROXSCAL;Pearson correlation
Some Comments on the Question Whether Co-Occurrence Data Should Be Normalized
No full textIn a recent article in JASIST, L. Leydesdorff and L. Vaughan (2006) asserted that raw cocitation data should be analyzed directly, without first applying a normalization such as the Pearson correlation. In this communication, it is argued that there is nothing wrong with the widely adopted practice of normalizing cocitation data. One of the arguments put forward by Leydesdorff and Vaughan turns out to depend crucially on incorrect multidimensional scaling maps that are due to an error in the PROXSCAL program in SPSS.multidimensional scaling;PROXSCAL;Pearson correlation;author cocitation analysis;co-occurrence data;normalization
Avaliação do nível de conhecimento de socorristas do Corpo de Bombeiros Militar do Estado de Santa Catarina sobre as conditas em atendimentos emergenciais em pacientes com avulsão dental
No full textTCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Odontologia.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o nível de conhecimento de socorristas dos Bombeiros Militares do Estado de Santa Catarina sobre as condutas em atendimentos emergenciais em casos de avulsão dental. Para isso foi aplicado um questionário nestes profissionais, com questões específicas sobre a conduta de atendimento emergencial a uma pessoa que sofreu uma avulsão dental. O TCLE e os questionários foram enviados por via eletrônica (e-mail), onde obteve a participação de 270 voluntários de todas as regiões do Estado. Os resultados obtidos apontam que 85,6% (n=231) dos participantes afirmam saber o que é avulsão dentária, 51,9% (n=140) já tiveram alguma experiência em caso de avulsão, 95,9% (n=259) relataram saber o que significa reimplante dentário. Enquanto 80,3% (n=217) acham que é possível reimplantar um dente avulsionado, 88,1% (n=238) não se consideram capaz de realizar o mesmo. Dentre os participantes, 23,7% (n=64) reimplantariam o dente no tempo correto, 44,8% (n=121) manipulariam o dente pela coroa, 5,6% (n=15) armazenariam o dente em um recipiente com leite e 51,5% (n=139) lavariam o dente com soro fisiológico antes do reimplante, dando preferência em encaminhar estes pacientes para um hospital público. Dentre os respondentes, 89,6% (n=242) relataram nunca terem recebido qualquer tipo de instrução sobre o tema e 93,7% (n=253) consideram esse tipo de conhecimento importante para um socorrista a nível de Bombeiro Militar. Notas foram atribuídas para as perguntas que possuíam respostas corretas, onde obteve-se uma média de 4,05 (desvio-padrão 2,11), com participantes obtendo tanto nota máxima quanto nota mínima. Diferenças estatísticas foram encontradas na comparação da média das notas de conhecimento dos participantes sobre reimplante (p=0.01), na média das notas da questão que avaliou se o participante realizaria ou não o reimplante (p=0.01), e na comparação par a par entre as regiões Planalto e Vale (p= 0.018). Conclui-se que o nível de conhecimento dos socorristas do CBMSC em condutas emergenciais em avulsão dental é insatisfatório, apontando a necessidade da incorporação deste assunto na formação destes profissionais.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the general level of knowledge of the paramedic units belonging to the Military Firefighters of the State of Santa Catarina with regard to adequate procedures in handling emergency cases of dental avulsion. To obtain this information a survey was conducted with those paramedics. The survey consisted of specific questions regarding adequate procedures in handling emergency cases were a person had suffered dental avulsion. The TCLE and the surveys were conducted by e-mail were 270 volunteers participated from every region in the state. The results of the survey indicate that 85,6% (n=140) of the volunteers surveyed assert to know what a dental avulsion is, 51.9% (n=140) have already had an experience dealing with a dental avulsion case, 95,9% (n=259) asserted to know what a dental replantation is. 80,3% (n=217) of those surveyed believe it is possible to replant a dental avulsion, 88,1% (238) do not believe they have the capacity to do this. Of the participants surveyed, 23,7% (n=64) replanted in the correct time. 44,8% (n=121) of all surveyed would manipulate the tooth by the crown, only 5,6 (n=15) would store the tooth in a container with milk and 51,5% (n=139) would wash the tooth with saline before replantation. 55,6% would direct the patient to a public hospital, 89,6% (n=242) of the firefighters asserted never having classes about this type of topic and 93,7% (n=253) considered this type of knowledge important for a paramedic who belongs to the Military Firefighters. Points would be attributed to questions answered correctly, an average of 4.05 (standard deviation 2,11) was found, with all participants receiving maximum and minimum points. Statistical differences were found when comparing grade point averages about replantation between participants (p=0.01), the average score regarding whether participants would or would not conduct a replantation (p=0.01) and pairwise comparison between regions Planalto and Vale (p=0.018). We conclude that the level of knowledge of paramedic units inside the CBMSC with regard to emergency cases of dental avulsion are unsatisfactory, thus emphasizing the need to include this topic in their course curriculum
I. Nota betreffende de bemaling van de Drentsche hoofdvaart, opgemaakt door den ingenieur van den Rijkswaterstaat dr. L.R. Wentholt: II. Nota over het proefheien van houten en ijzeren damwand te Linne, opgemaakt door den ingenieur van den Rijkswaterstaat F. Volker
No full textEisen waaraan gemalen moeten voldoen, beschrijving van de soorten gemalen, aandrijving, ontwerp en exploitatie. Prototyoe proef met ijzeren en houten damwanden bij de sluis te Linne
The chiton stylus canal: An element delivery pathway for tooth cusp biomineralization
No full textA detailed investigation of the stylus canal situated within the iron mineralized major lateral teeth of the chiton Acanthopleura hirtosa was undertaken in conjunction with a row-by-row examination of cusp mineralization. The canal is shown to contain columnar epithelial tissue similar to that surrounding the mineralized cusps, including the presence of iron rich particles characteristic of the iron storage protein ferritin. Within the tooth core, a previously undescribed internal pathway or plume is evident above the stylus canal, between the junction zone and mineralizing posterior face of the cusp. Plume formation coincides with the appearance of iron in the superior epithelium and the onset of mineralization at tooth row 13. The plume persists during the delivery of phosphorous and calcium into the tooth core, and is the final region of the cusp to become mineralized. The presence of the stylus canal was confirmed in a further 18 chiton species, revealing that the canal is common to polyplacophoran molluscs. These new data strongly support the growing body of evidence highlighting the importance of the junction zone for tooth mineralization in chiton teeth, and indicate that the chemical and structural environment within the tooth cusp is under far greater biological control than previously considered
Avaliação clínica do efeito de diferentes unidades de ativação sobre o clareamento dental
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em OdontologiaEste trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar clinicamente a alteração de cor e sua estabilidade, a sensibilidade dental e a irritação gengival em pacientes submetidos ao clareamento dental, variando a técnica clareadora e o uso de fontes catalisadoras
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