1,721,008 research outputs found
GénétiQueneau. Sur la genèse de Pierrot mon ami, Les Fleurs bleues et Le Vol d’Icare
No full textCet ouvrage propose une réflexion unique sur la genèse des romans de Raymond Queneau, écrivain et poète français, qui a donné naissance à de nombreuses œuvres burlesques et expérimentales. Les multiples brouillons, précieusement conservés et classés par Queneau lui-même, représentent une véritable richesse littéraire. Proposant une nouvelle méthode d’analyse, à la fois critique et génétique, par l’étude des avant-textes de Pierrot mon ami, des Fleurs bleues et du Vol d’Icare, cet ouvrage nous invite à découvrir les coulisses de la création quénienne et nous propose des images inédites de brouillons de manuscrits. C’est la première fois qu’une telle étude est menée sur ce corpus
Génétique du modèle architectural : Passage de Milan de Butor
No full text« Le plus important pour moi, c'était de construire un espace », c'est par ces mots que Butor définit Passage de Milan, son premier roman publié en 1954 par les éditions de Minuit.
Dans ce roman, l'immeuble parisien qui constitue le lieu unique de l'action répond à une double fonction car il est un modèle réduit de la réalité et, en même temps, le modèle autoréférentiel de la structure du texte. Ainsi, si sur le plan symbolique il est le modèle architectural d'une société dominée par les objets quotidiens, sur le plan du récit il devient « espace » d'expérimentation d'une nouvelle poétique. C'est par l'analyse du premier manuscrit (Fond Jean Grenier- Bnf) caractérisé par une narration linéaire très proche du roman balzacien et des documents dactylographiés déposés à la Bibliothèque de Nice et qui témoignent une transformation profonde du projet initial, qu'on essayera d'interroger les étapes d'enfoncement du modèle architectural dans la structure de l'œuvre. En effet, c'est à partir de ce modèle que Butor transforme son premier manuscrit: par le déplacement des segments narratifs, des ajouts et des ratures, l'écrivain déconstruit la linéarité du roman de tradition réaliste au profit d'une narration fragmentaire, d'une « mobilité perpétuelle» qui s'impose en tant que principe foncier des romans successifs
Romain Gary, le réel et l’imaginaire. L’art du mensonge et la poudre de la vérité
No full textParmi les oeuvres de Romain Gary, les Cerfs-volants n’est pas seulement le dernier livre écrit avant sa mort, c’est aussi le roman où la beauté, l’imaginaire et la mémoire, personnelle et historique, s’entremêlent à plusieurs niveaux du texte. Considéré comme une réécriture de l’Éducation européenne, son premier roman sur la Résistance française les Cerfs-volants, qui recèlent en permanence l’expression de sentiments personnels, constituent un recueil de souvenirs historiques dédiés en épigraphe « À la mémoire » et, en même temps, un roman de la réconciliation avec son pays natal, la Pologne
Les manuels pour l’enseignement de la langue française et le masque idéologique : fascisme et défascisation
No full textThe article analyzes the existence of two different ideological masks in textbooks for the teaching of the French language, during the fascist period and at the fall of the regime. To do this, we examine a corpus of textbooks which were, after the war, prohibited from sale or deprived of several pages. We first consider to what extent the mask of fascism is present in the school and more precisely in the teaching of the French language, to focus on textbooks and their structure. By taking into account the new directives which made it possible to begin the process of defascization of school texts, we examine the interventions of exclusion in the textbooks of our corpus to understand how and if these actions were indeed resolutive.Cette contribution se propose de prendre en compte l’existence de deux différents masques idéologiques dans les manuels pour l’enseignement de la langue française, durant la période fasciste et à la chute du régime. Tandis que le fascisme utilise le français en tant que langue véhiculaire pour endoctriner les jeunes esprits, la Commission de defascistizzazione, (novembre 1944) se charge d’épurer l’enseignement de toute trace de fascisme.
Pour ce faire, nous analyserons un corpus de manuels qui furent, après la guerre, interdits à la vente ou privés de plusieurs pages. Nous allons considérer tout d’abord dans quelle mesure le masque du fascisme est présent dans l’école et plus précisément dans l’enseignement de la langue française, pour après nous concentrer sur les manuels et leur structure. En prenant en compte les nouvelles directives qui permirent de faire débuter le processus de défascisation des textes scolaires, nous examinerons les interventions d’exclusion dans les manuels de notre corpus pour comprendre comment et si ces actions ont été bien résolutives
"Moisture-induced stresses perpendicular to grain in timber sections exposed to European climates"
No full textIn variable humidity conditions, wood absorbs or desorbs moisture from the air. Unless the change in humidity is very slow, this will develop moisture gradients in the wood sections. These gradients will develop stresses due to constrained swelling or shrinkage strains. These stresses are named moisture-induced stresses. The present paper investigates the main parameters affecting such moisture-induced stresses, including the type of climate, the size of the timber cross-section, and the type of protective coating. A first attempt to identify moisture-induced stresses in different European climatic regions was made. For each climatic region, relative humidity and temperature histories were identified, and characteristic and mean values of yearly and daily variations were calculated. Using a finite element model implemented in Abaqus, the moisture content and stress distribution were computed on different timber cross-sections exposed to the climatic regions and protected with different types of coating. A Fickian moisture transfer model was used to compute the moisture distribution, and a mechanical model for time-dependent behaviour of wood was implemented to calculate the corresponding stress distribution. The variation of moisture was found to result in stresses of magnitudes that would probably cause cracking of wood in the perimeter of any uncoated cross-section size. The use of a protective coating, however, reduced considerably the moisture-induced stresses, and can be regarded as an effective protective measure to avoid cracking due to humidity variations. Considering European climates, Northern climates were found to result in higher surface tensile stresses than Southern climates
Quattro modi di dimenticare. Wiesel, Freud, Blanchot, Kafka
No full textQuesti frammenti prendono le mosse da un’ovvia considerazione: non possiamo aver memoria di tutto. È impossibile. E non dobbiamo. Sarebbe dannoso, anzi per certi versi fatale, se potessimo, dovessimo o volessimo ricordare tutto, serbare memoria d’ogni cosa, fatto, persona.
Il nostro secolo è stato ed è il secolo della memoria. Pretendiamo di ricordare tutto, di archiviare tutto, di celebrare tutto. Persino la losoa, la psicoanalisi, la fenomenologia, l’analitica esistenziale di Heidegger e ancora la letteratura, le scienze antropologiche, l’arte, persino l’architettura celebrano la memoria, unica musa ed unica dea
Babij Jar: lo sterminio taciuto e l’arte dell’eufemismo
No full textConfrontando le poesie dedicate al massacro di Babij Jar (lo sterminio metodico di tutta la popolazione ebraica rimasta a Kiev dopo la conquista nazista) da Il’ja Erenburg ed Evgenij Evtušenko dovremmo con ogni probabilità considerare superiore quella del primo. La sua qualità poetica deriva in gran parte dall’uso dell’allusione, del non detto, che apre spazi semantici superiori; questa caratteristica deriva però probabilmente da un caso di necessità: Erenburg, che scriveva nel 1945, cercava evidentemente una strada per far penetrare alla stampa una commemorazione delle vittime di Babij Jar in un periodo in cui, in Unione Sovietica, era impossibile farlo in modo più esplicito – nella prima edizione, la poesia era senza titolo e il collegamento all’episodio di Babij Jar poteva solo essere dedotto.
L’effetto della poesia di Evtušenko, d’altro canto – incluso l’effetto sulla carriera del poeta – discende completamente dal suo carattere violentemente esplicito: la conclusione logica è che il valore politico del testo sia superiore a quello poetico. Non bisogna dimenticare, però, lo sforzo di rinnovamento della poesia attraverso l’inclusione di materiale marcatamente impoetico, dove il linguaggio politico assume un valore analogo all’uso del turpiloquio in Majakovskij.If we were to compare the poems that Ilya Ehrenburg and Evgenii Evtushenko wrote about Babii Iar – the place of the mass extermination of what Jewish population was left in Kiev after the Nazis took the town – the former should probably be considered a higher achievement. Its poetic quality derives markedly from the use of allusion, of the unsaid, opening the way to a vast semantic space; it originates, however, from necessity: Ehrenburg, writing in 1945, was in all likelihood looking for a way to express the mourning for the victims of Babii Iar in a time when it was not possible to do it in a more direct way – in its first publication, the poem carried no title, and the connection to the concrete historical event needed as well to be caught by deduction.
The effect of Evtushenko’s text, on the other hand – the effect on the poet’s career included – is based on its explicitness only: it should naturally be maintained as a work of a more political than poetic value. It should be remembered, however, that Evtushenko was striving for a renewal of poetry by the inclusion of markedly unpoetic material, of which political language can be considered an instance just as Maiakovskii’s foul language
Autori tedeschi ed editoria italiana dopo le leggi razziali
No full textSulla scorta di esempi tratti dalla storia editoriale italiana degli ultimi anni del Fascismo, il saggio propone una panoramica delle strategie adottate da alcuni editori per fronteggiare l’ingerenza del potere politico nel mondo culturale. Con riferimento alle traduzioni di letteratura tedesca, e in particolare alle opere di autori sgraditi al regime nazionalsocialista, l’articolo mette in luce posizioni e atteggiamenti diversi, rivelando condotte che tratteggiano un panorama piuttosto variegato. Accanto agli editori che si allinearono, adeguandosi prontamente alle direttive del regime e pubblicando opere ideologicamente vicine al Terzo Reich, ve ne furono altri che non si sottomisero incondizionatamente alle nuove regole e furono alla ricerca di continui compromessi col potere politico, andando incontro spesso a profonde contraddizioni
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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