11 research outputs found
Land Value Capture from Post-Industrial Redevelopments of Inner-City Areas
Get PDFThe nature of rapid development witnessed by Greater Mumbai post economic liberalization in India, its manifestation in real estate development and physical maturation of the inner-city areas is described in the study. The financial gains viz-a-viz who pockets, who pays and who benefits lies at the crux of the research. This thesis approaches the subject of value capture from large redevelopments in inner-cities, from a costs and benefits point of view. The motivation to carry out his research was triggered by the interest and need that the author felt to look at the redevelopments projects from a financial point of view as against the social and environmental perspective that has been discussed upon time and time again; also because in a fast growing economy like India, local governments are constantly devising mechanisms to increase financial independence. Hence, the monetary benefits and losses that policy changes engender are demonstrated in the study. The decline of the cotton textile industry and the closure of the mills opened the large land for redevelopment in the heart of the city. The four project cases were thus chosen from amongst these defunct cotton textile mill lands. The main objective of this research was to study the potential of the existing, legally binding value capture mechanisms, and further asses if they have been designed to mitigate the impacts of the redevelopment process. This research is framed in three different analytical parts. The first looks at theories of land rent that explain how value is created, the land value practices described introduce the nature of mechanisms adopted to capture this value hence justifying their potential benefits to public authorities. The second section analyses the cases selected by further examining the potential value creation, realization and the value captured thereof. This financial assessment is then undergoes a comparative analysis in the third section by the findings with the help of defined indicators prove the changes in land value trends and hence the need for redevelopment. This section also demonstrates the potential value created, the role and share of primary actors namely the private developers and landowners and the Municipal corporation of Greater Mumbai. One of the primary findings suggest that the potential value created on account of public sector intervention far exceeds the captured value. However the study also suggests that the mechanisms adopted sketch an irregular graph specific to each case, in-terms of the success to mitigate physical impacts of the redevelopment process. The final chapter of the study compares the findings to argue that the mitigation of impacts from value capture practices in Mumbai is inconsistent because of the in-tangency of the tools for different land-uses and different stakeholders depending on the degree of benefits created. This section finally summarizes the primary concern of who pockets, who pays and ultimately who benefits from the redevelopment process
Public Power and Preventive Responsibility: Attributing the Wrongs of International Joint Ventures
No full textInclusionary housing in Indonesia
Get PDFthrough the balanced residential ratio 1:3:6 regulation (Lingkungan Hunian Berimbang –
LHB). The regulation was introduced by the national government in 1992 for implementation
at local level by all municipalities and regencies.
There are two main objectives of the LHB 1:3:6 regulation: (1) to produce affordable
housing, and (2) to encourage more socially integrated development via mixed-income
residential areas and cross-subsidies. Henceforth, every new residential development by a
private developer should reflect the 1:3:6 ratio (1 high-income, 3 middle-income and 6 lowincome
units).
Using the case of Makassar City, the capital city of South Sulawesi Province and the largest
city in the eastern part of Indonesia, the author tries to assess the implementation of the
balanced residential ratio 1:3:6 regulation from four dimensions - legal, economic, financial,
and social - during period 1993 – 2003. Those dimensions are discussed in the context of
provision for affordable housing through the application of land value capture. Thus other
issues such as long-term affordability and social ethnic integration are not covered in this
research. The general finding for the balanced residential ratio, LHB 1:3:6, which was adopted by the
Makassar Local Government in 1992, has been lack of implementation. The local
government simply adopted it without formulating more detailed local regulations or
adapting it to the city’s ordinances. Although the procedures and sanctions are clearly stated,
the absence of a dedicated institution or committee at national and local levels in
coordinating, controlling, and monitoring the implementation of the regulation, results in
non-compliance.
The legal basis provided by the national government, which is at ministerial level, and the
absence of specific local regulations, means that the sanctions stated in the balanced
residential ratio regulation were not applied by the local government. On the other hand, the
incentives in the form of fast-track permit and reduction of retribution for building permit
provided by local governments are not enough to motivate developers. This is because
developers usually look for the highest possible profit.
However, it is economically feasible for developers to fulfill the inclusionary obligation. This
is indicated by the relatively high increment of land value gained by developers compared to
the value of the land at the time they purchased it. Factors that influenced that result are the
chosen location at periphery areas and also in an adjacent municipality, as well as the initial
land use which was vacant land. Meanwhile, economic impacts of the balanced residential
ratio regulation on price and production of luxurious units were not clear because of lack of
data and studies regarding those issues.
In addition, during the period 1993 – 2003 housing production by developers in Makassar
was dominated by the medium type which reached 54% of total housing production in that
period. The rest of production was shared almost equally between the basic houses and
luxurious houses. The data shows that the percentage was 24% for the former and 21% for
the latter. However, from the total amount of basic houses built in Makassar, 55% were
produced from projects that implemented 1:3:6 regulation.
Concerning the extent that the balanced residential regulation addressed the spatial
segregation issue, this research barely found housing development since 1993 that followed
the requirement to build a mixed-residential development within one contiguous area. In the case of the selected project in Makassar, Bukit Baruga Residential, the developer built the
basic houses in an adjacent municipality where the land price was very cheap. This indicates
that spatial integration through mix-residential area is hard to achieve.
Meanwhile, changing in policy has not given much significant improvements regarding
spatial integration purpose. Similar with the former 1:3:6 regulation, the new balanced
residential ratio introduced in 2011 still illustrates ambiguity. At one side it makes mixresidential
in one contiguous area compulsory for large scale residential development. But on
the other hand, the developing of basic houses is allowed at different area as long as the
location is in the same municipality or regency. Although some disincentives are introduced,
but spatial integration seems still negotiable. This ambiguity is contrary to the objective of
the regulation itself that trying to develop spatially integrated communities by mixing
different types of housing within one contiguous area.
Finally, this research admits that this policy could play an important role for local
governments to address issues of affordable housing and spatial integration. It enables local
government to recapture the increment of land value obtained by private developers to
provide affordable housing for low income households. Lessons learnt from the past suggest
that clear and detailed regulations, as well as strong political will of the local government, are
needed to be able to mobilize the increment on land value obtained by developers. Although
it is economically feasible for developers to set aside a certain portion of housing units and
make it affordable for low income households, it will not be recaptured if local government
does not fully understand the opportunities that this regulation offers in assisting them with
provision of affordable housing
Corn Stover Potential: Recasting the Corn Sweetener Industry
No full textCorn stover is by far the largest single available biomass not being used, representing more than one-third of the total waste, including municipal solids. An estimated 200 million dry tonnes (t) remain each year as aboveground residue. THE CORN STOVER ISSUE The corn sweetener industry is based on processing corn grain (maize), creating value-added products such as glucose, dextrose, and fructose. Conversion of corn stover to sugars has been stymied for years due to cost. Environmental benefits, wider adaptation of sustainable farming practices and the relentless improve-ments in biotechnology are expected to overcome the economic hurdle within the next five years and recast the corn sweetener industry. The corn stover industry uses about 8 % of the corn crop (20 million t) in 1997; the fuel ethanol industry used about 13 million t (515 million bu). These combined demands equal 13 % of domestic demand for corn. Corn stover consists of the stalks, leaves, and cobs remaining aboveground after the corn kernels are harvested. About 1 kg of stover is produced per kg of grain. In 1997 about 200 million dry t of stover was produced. The mass of stover increases with the yield of the corn-expected to increase 1 % to 2 % annually More than 90 % of the stover is left in the fields. Less than 1 % of corn stover is collected for industria
ECONOMIES OF SIZE OF A COORDINATED BIOREFINERY FEEDSTOCK HARVEST SYSTEM
Get PDFThe objective of this research is to determine the cost to harvest lignocellulosic biomass, such as crop residue and perennial grasses, for use as biorefinery feedstock, and to determine the potential economies of size that might result from a coordinated structure. The estimates show that substantial size economies are possible.Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,
Recommended from our members
Final Technical Report
Get PDFThe two main objectives of this project were: 1) to develop and test technologies to harvest, transport, store, and separate corn stover to supply a clean raw material to the bioproducts industry, and 2) engineer fermentation systems to meet performance targets for lactic acid and ethanol manufacturers. Significant progress was made in testing methods to harvest corn stover in a “single pass” harvest mode (collect corn grain and stover at the same time). This is technically feasible on small scale, but additional equipment refinements will be needed to facilitate cost effective harvest on a larger scale. Transportation models were developed, which indicate that at a corn stover yield of 2.8 tons/acre and purchase price of $35/ton stover, it would be unprofitable to transport stover more than about 25 miles; thus suggesting the development of many regional collection centers. Therefore, collection centers should be located within about 30 miles of the farm, to keep transportation costs to an acceptable level. These collection centers could then potentially do some preprocessing (to fractionate or increase bulk density) and/or ship the biomass by rail or barge to the final customers. Wet storage of stover via ensilage was tested, but no clear economic advantages were evident. Wet storage eliminates fire risk, but increases the complexity of component separation and may result in a small loss of carbohydrate content (fermentation potential). A study of possible supplier-producer relationships, concluded that a “quasi-vertical” integration model would be best suited for new bioproducts industries based on stover. In this model, the relationship would involve a multiyear supply contract (processor with purchase guarantees, producer group with supply guarantees). Price will likely be fixed or calculated based on some formula (possibly a cost plus). Initial quality requirements will be specified (but subject to refinement).Producers would invest in harvest/storage/transportation equipment and the processor would build and operate the plant. Pilot fermentation studies demonstrated dramatic improvements in yields and rates with optimization of batch fermentor parameters. Demonstrated yields and rates are approaching those necessary for profitable commercial operation for production of ethanol or lactic acid. The ability of the biocatalyst to adapt to biomass hydrolysate (both biomass sugars and toxins in the hydrolysate) was demonstrated and points towards ultimate successful commercialization of the technology. However, some of this work will need to be repeated and possibly extended to adapt the final selected biocatalyst for the specific commercial hydrolysate composition. The path from corn stover in the farm field to final products, involves a number of steps. Each of these steps has options, problems, and uncertainties; thus creating a very complex multidimensional obstacle to successful commercial development. Through the tasks of this project, the technical and commercial uncertainties of many of these steps have been addressed; thus providing for a clearer understanding of paths forward and commercial viability of a corn stover-based biorefinery
Ethanol from Biomass: Economic and Environmental Potential of Converting Corn Stover and Hardwood Forest Residue in Minnesota
Get PDFResearch was undertaken to determine the economic feasibility and environmental impact of harvesting corn stover and hardwood forest residue in Minnesota and surrounding states for conversion to fuel ethanol at facilities located in Minnesota. It was estimated that only 7 of the total 41 million dry tons of corn stover produced and 3 of the 6.5 million dry tons of hardwood residue produced in the study region would likely be harvested each year. From these quantities, it would be physically feasible to produce about 874 million gallons of ethanol annually. It was estimated that 200 million gallons could be harvested at a delivered feedstock cost below 0.16 per-gallon higher than the upper-bound cost for corn-grain ethanol. Furthermore, this work indicates that large-scale substitution of petroleum gasoline with biomass-derived ethanol would have huge impacts with respect to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, although SOx emissions would increase.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,
Development of a traffic control devices and pavement markings manual for Iowa\u2019s cities and counties with a survey of common practices.
Get PDFLocal transportation agencies are responsible for a significant investment in traffic controldevices and pavement markings. Thousands of signs and other inventory items, equipment,facilities, and staff are all dedicated to the installation and maintenance of devices and markingscritical to the safety and convenience of the traveling public.General requirements and responsibilities for these activities are contained in the Manual forUniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) and in the Code of Iowa. Further recommendationsfor the administration of traffic control devices and pavement markings at the local level areprovided by the Iowa Department of Transportation and in many other documents from a varietyof sources. However, no single reference or guidance manual exists for the common trafficcontrol activities of local agencies in Iowa.This research project (TR-441) was approved by the Iowa Highway Research Board in October1999 to develop and distribute a manual that would provide local agencies with practical adviceand guidance for traffic control devices and pavement markings installation and maintenance
Morador e moradia no espaço urbano da cidade de Salvador
Get PDFTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil, Florianópolis, 2009Este trabalho está situado na área de Gestão Territorial, mas especificamente no tema Habitação de Interesse Social, vinculado à Sustentabilidade Urbana, e especificamente no seu aspecto qualitativo. O presente trabalho tem a pretensão de oferecer uma contribuição para a produção do conhecimento teórico no tema habitação de interesse social, tendo sua concepção estruturada em duas etapas: a construção conceitual do significado do termo moradia e a validação empírica do conceito construído através da comparação do processo de acesso à moradia percorrido por duas comunidades, Engomadeira e o Movimento dos Sem-Teto de Salvador, sendo usado o método comparativo e a análise estatística descritiva e indutiva. O trabalho recorre à complexidade do conceito de moradia para buscar respostas à problemática do processo de acesso à mesma, e acrescenta a este panorama as relações de desempenhos do ambiente construído, através da percepção do morador. A integração de teorias com origem em outras áreas de conhecimento fundamenta essa pesquisa, na medida em que, cada qual, em espaço e tempo diferente, adota uma visão de interrelação entre o indivíduo e o ambiente, compreendendo-os contextualizados entre si. O trabalho tem como resultado geral o desenho de uma Matriz Inacabada de Sustentabilidade em Territórios de Populações de Baixa Renda, e aponta como tendência o desenho da Gestão da Tecnologia da Moradia das Populações de Baixa Renda. A constatação que a multidisciplinaridade e a interdisciplinaridade dispensadas ao tratamento do tema são insuficientes para a compreensão dos problemas vinculados ao mesmo, é considerada pela autora como conclusão do trabalho.This work is located on Land Management area, specifically in the Social Housing themme, attached to Urban Sustainability, and on its qualitative aspect. It has the intention to offer a contribution to the theoretical knowledge to the themme, having its conception framed into two phases: conceptual construction of the housing meaning and the empirical validation of the constructed concept through comparison of the access process to the dwelling spaned by two communities, Engomadeira and Movimento dos Sem-Teto de Salvador (Salvador Homeless Movement), being used the method comparative and statistic analysis. The work resorts to the complexity of housing concept seeking for answers to the process issue for its access, and adds to this panorama the relations among performances of the building environment through the dweller perceptions. Oncoming theories from other áreas integration grounds this research, since each one of those, on space and time adopts an interrelation vision between individual and environment, understanding them as contextualized each other. The work has as geral result the drawing of a Matrix Unaccomplished of Sustainability on Lands of People of Low Income, and indicated as tendency the drawing of Administration from Tecnology from Home of the People of Low Income. The certify what the multidisciplinaridade and the interdisciplinaridade laid-off the treatment theme are insufficient for apprehension from the problems linked at the same is considerate by the author as the conclusion of the work
Busca racional por moléculas bioativas em modelos de diabetes, leucemia e tuberculose
Get PDFTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química.Esta tese apresenta o desenho racional de moléculas bioativas baseadas na estrutura de fármacos (ou moléculas ativas) e está subdividida em três capítulos de acordo com cada patologia-alvo: 1) diabetes; 2) leucemia e 3) tuberculose. No capítulo 1, foram planejadas e sintetizadas sulfonamidas e sulfonil(tio)uréias, baseadas na estrutura da glibenclamida, para obtenção de potenciais agentes hipoglicemiantes, num total de 22 compostos, sendo 15 inéditos. A sulfonamida 5, mostrou a mais pronunciada atividade, contribuindo para a homeostase da glicose, uma vez que é equipotente a glibenclamida, mas sem provocar sobrecarga das células-? nos processos de secreção. No capítulo 2, foram sintetizadas quatro classes de compostos: acil-hidrazonas, oxadiazóis, imidas e tiazolidinonas baseadas nos fármacos colchicina e combretastatina A-4, num total de 62 moléculas, sendo 34 estruturas inéditas. 29 foi o composto mais potente, com atividade de 15nM frente às células da linhagem Jurkat e de 25nM em células REH, apresentando baixa toxicidade para células normais, e como mecanismo de ação, a inibição da tubulina. No capítulo 3, apresenta-se o primeiro estudo de screening virtual de bibliotecas de compostos na PtpB de M. tuberculosis, baseados na única estrutura de raio-X disponível PtpB:OMTS. Na primeira etapa, realizou-se o screening da biblioteca de produtos naturais com mais de 800 compostos resultando na identificação do composto mais ativo, competitivo e seletivo: Kuwanol E (Ki =1,6 µM). Em uma segunda etapa, foi analisada a biblioteca de compostos comerciais Drugs Now do banco de dados ZINC, com mais de 5 milhões de estruturas, resultando na seleção de 13 moléculas através de docking/rescoring
