172 research outputs found
Development of a cost-effectiveness model for optimisation of the screening interval in diabetic retinopathy screening
No full textBACKGROUND:
The English NHS Diabetic Eye Screening Programme was established in 2003. Eligible people are invited annually for digital retinal photography screening. Those found to have potentially sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) are referred to surveillance clinics or to Hospital Eye Services.
OBJECTIVES:
To determine whether personalised screening intervals are cost-effective.
DESIGN:
Risk factors were identified in Gloucestershire, UK using survival modelling. A probabilistic decision hidden (unobserved) Markov model with a misgrading matrix was developed. This informed estimation of lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) in patients without STDR. Two personalised risk stratification models were employed: two screening episodes (SEs) (low, medium or high risk) or one SE with clinical information (low, medium-low, medium-high or high risk). The risk factor models were validated in other populations.
SETTING:
Gloucestershire, Nottinghamshire, South London and East Anglia (all UK).
PARTICIPANTS:
People with diabetes in Gloucestershire with risk stratification model validation using data from Nottinghamshire, South London and East Anglia.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Personalised risk-based algorithm for screening interval; cost-effectiveness of different screening intervals.
RESULTS:
Data were obtained in Gloucestershire from 12,790 people with diabetes with known risk factors to derive the risk estimation models, from 15,877 people to inform the uptake of screening and from 17,043 people to inform the health-care resource-usage costs. Two stratification models were developed: one using only results from previous screening events and one using previous screening and some commonly available GP data. Both models were capable of differentiating groups at low and high risk of development of STDR. The rate of progression to STDR was 5 per 1000 person-years (PYs) in the lowest decile of risk and 75 per 1000 PYs in the highest decile. In the absence of personalised risk stratification, the most cost-effective screening interval was to screen all patients every 3 years, with a 46% probability of this being cost-effective at a £30,000 per QALY threshold. Using either risk stratification models, screening patients at low risk every 5 years was the most cost-effective option, with a probability of 99-100% at a £30,000 per QALY threshold. For the medium-risk groups screening every 3 years had a probability of 43-48% while screening high-risk groups every 2 years was cost-effective with a probability of 55-59%.
CONCLUSIONS:
The study found that annual screening of all patients for STDR was not cost-effective. Screening this entire cohort every 3 years was most likely to be cost-effective. When personalised intervals are applied, screening those in our low-risk groups every 5 years was found to be cost-effective. Screening high-risk groups every 2 years further improved the cost-effectiveness of the programme. There was considerable uncertainty in the estimated incremental costs and in the incremental QALYs, particularly with regard to implications of an increasing proportion of maculopathy cases receiving intravitreal injection rather than laser treatment. Future work should focus on improving the understanding of risk, validating in further populations and investigating quality issues in imaging and assessment including the potential for automated image grading
Hippocampal activation for autobiographical memories over the entire lifetime in healthy aged subjects: An fMRI study
No full textInternational audienceWe used functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine the cerebral structures required during the recollection of episodic autobiographical memories according to 5 time periods covering the whole lifespan to test the 2 concurring models of memory consolidation, which propose either a temporary (standard model) or a permanent (multiple-trace model) role of the hippocampus in episodic memory retrieval. The experimental paradigm was specially designed to engage subjects (67.17 +/- 5.22 years old) in the retrieval of episodic autobiographical memories, whatever the time period, from personally relevant cues selected by questioning a family member. Moreover, the nature of the memories was checked at debriefing by means of behavioral measures to control the degree of episodicity. Behavioral data showed that recollected memories were characterized by specificity and details whatever their remoteness. Main neuroimaging data (Statistical Parametric Mapping 99) revealed the activation of a network including the left superior frontal gyri, bilateral precuneus/posterior cingulate and lingual gyri, left angular gyrus, and left hippocampus, although the subtraction analyses detected subtle differences between certain time periods. Small volume correction centered on the hippocampus detected left hippocampal activation for all time periods and additional right hippocampal activation for the intermediate periods. Further confirmation was provided by using a 3-way analysis of variance on blood oxygen level-dependent values, which revealed hippocampal activation whatever the time interval. The present data challenge the standard model of memory consolidation and support the multiple-trace model, instead. The comparison with previous literature stresses the idea that a bilateral involvement of the hippocampus characterizes rich episodic autobiographical memory recollection
Deane B. Judd
No full textDEANE B. JUDD
NBS: 1927 ‑ 1969
Birth: November 15, 1900, South Hadley Falls, Massachusetts
Death: October 15, 1972, Chevy Chase, Maryland
Education:
Ohio State University: BS, 1922; MA, 1922
Cornell University, PhD (Physics), 1926
Principal fields:
Color science; colorimetry
Positions held at NBS:
Physicist in Charge of Colorimetric Work
Assistant Chief, Optics and Metrology Division
Post‑retirement: Guest Worker
Honors:
U.S. Department of Commerce Gold Medal, 1950
Society of Motion Picture Engineers, Journal Award, 1936
Optical Society of America Ives Medal, 1958
NBS Stratton Award, 1960
Illuminating Engineering Society Gold Medal, 1961
Elected to Phi Beta Kappa, Sigma Xi, and Pi Mu Epsilon
Memberships:
Optical Society of America (Fellow; President)
Intersociety Color Council (President)
Munsell Color Foundation (President)
International Committee on Illumination (American Representative)
Publications:
Author of over 100 research papers on color; Color in our Daily Lives (NBS Consumer Information Series 6, 1975); and Color in Business, Science and Industry, Wiley, 1952, 1963, 1975
Interview: Anne-Marie Fortier
No full textThis paper is an edited version of an email interview conducted by Debra Ferreday and Adi Kuntsman with Anne-Marie Fortier, the author of Multicultural Horizons: Diversity and the Limits of the Civil Nation (Routledge, 2008). Fortier’s work has been informative in the development of some of the arguments explored in this special issue; in their conversation Ferreday and Kuntsman asked her to comment on the ideas of haunting, racial imaginaries, nostalgia, national anxieties, political feelings and hopes for the future
Book Reviews
No full textBook Review 1Book Title: The Year Book of Pathology and Clinical Pathology 1958-59Book Author: W.B. WartmanPp. 502. 138 figure. 8.50. Chicago: The Year Book Publishers, Inc. 1959.Book Review 2Book Title: Gynecologic EndocrinologyBook Author: G.N. RileyPp. xix + 330. 72 figures. S8.50. ew York: Paul B. Hoeber, Inc. 1959Book Review 3Book Title: An Introduction to Child PsychiatryBook Author: S. ChessPp. x + 254. 5.25. New York and London: Grune & Stratton, Inc. 1959.Book Review 4Book Title: The Surgical Treatment of Facial Injuries. 2nd editionBook Authors: V.H. Kazanjian & J.M. ConversePp. ix + 1110. 1,155 figures. 176s. 822.00. London: Bailliere, Tindall and Cox Ltd. Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Company.Book Review 5Book Title: Klinik und Therapie der VergiftungenBook Author: S. MoeschlinPp. xii + 655. 92 Abbildungen. GanzJeinen DM 59.00. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag. 1959.Book Review 6Book Title: Proceedings of the World Congress of Gastroenterology and the 59th Annual Meeting of the American Gastroenterological AssociationWashington, D.C., USA, 25 - 31 May 1958. Vols. I and 2. pp. xxxv + 1,363. illustrated. 16Os. London: Bailliere, Tindall and Cox Ltd. 1959.Book Review 7Book Title: Notable Names in Medicine and Surgery. 3rd editionBook Author: S. ChessPp. x + 254. 5.25. New York and London: Grune & Stratton, Inc. 1959.Book Review 8Book Title: Tumors of the PancreasBook Author: V.K. FrantzPp. 149. Illustrations. 1.50. Washington: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. 1959.Book Review 9Book Title: Cancer of the SkinBook Author: John C. BelisarioPp. xvii + 321 + (14). 201 figures. 57s. 6d. + Is. postage. London: Butterworth & Co. (Publishers) Ltd. South African Office: Butterworth & Co. (Africa) Ltd., P.O. Box 792, Durban. 1959.Book Review 10Book Title: Squint and Allied ConditionsBook Author: George P. GuiborPp. xi + 356. 103 figures. 11.50. New York and London: Grune & Stratton, Inc. 1959Book Review 11Book Title: Basic BacteriologyBook Authors: Carl Lamanna & M. Frank MallettePp. xiii + 853. Illustrations. 108s. and 13.50. London: Bailliere, Tindall and Cox Ltd. Baltimore: The Williams and Wilkins Company. 1959.Book Review 12Book Title: Die Medikamentose Behandlung der SchilddrusenerkrankungenBook Authors: W. Grab & K. Oberdisse (Eds.)Pp. xii + 285. 55 Abbildungen. 14 Tabellen. DM 39.60. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag. 1959Book Review 13Book Title: Principles and Practice of Obstetric AnaesthesiaBook Author: J. Selwyn CrawfordPp. 128. Illustrations. 20s. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. 1959.Book Review 14Book Title: Progress in Psychotherapy. Vol. 4. Social PsychotherapyBook Authors: Jules H. Masserman & J.L. Moreno (Ed.)Pp. xi + 361. Illustrations. $8.75. New York and London: Grune & Stratton, Inc. 1959.Book Review 15Book Title: The Degenerative Back and its Differential DiagnosisBook Author: P.R.J.M. HanraetsPp. xi + 690. 315 illustrations (12 in colour). 53 tables. 105s.. Amsterdam, London, New York, Princeton: Elsevier Publishing Company. 1959
Theoretical studies of the historical development of the accounting discipline: a review and evidence
No full textMany existing studies of the development of accounting thought have either been atheoretical or have adopted Kuhn's model of scientific growth. The limitations of this 35-year-old model are discussed. Four different general neo-Kuhnian models of scholarly knowledge development are reviewed and compared with reference to an analytical matrix. The models are found to be mutually consistent, with each focusing on a different aspect of development. A composite model is proposed. Based on a hand-crafted database, author co-citation analysis is used to map empirically the entire literature structure of the accounting discipline during two consecutive time periods, 1972–81 and 1982–90. The changing structure of the accounting literature is interpreted using the proposed composite model of scholarly knowledge development
Limberlost interpretative signage project : an honors [thesis] (HONRS 499)
No full textThe ten interpretive signs that were developed for the restored wetland areas of the Limberlost in Jay and Adams Counties in Indiana each incorporates natural history facts and information about wetland importance, destruction, and restoration. In addition, each sign contains a quotation from one of Gene Stratton-Porter's many books that includes her observations and research of the Limberlost and its flora and fauna. The signs were researched, written, and designed and then sent to a sign company to be created. The signs are displayed along several trails within the Limberlost Nature Preserves and surrounding areas. The purpose of the signs is to draw a connection with author and naturalist Gene Stratton-Porter and the land that she loved.Thesis (B.?.)"An honors creative project (HONRS 499)."Honors Colleg
Just for teachers : web-based lesson plans incorporating Indiana's environmental literature into the middle school classroom : an honors thesis (HONRS 499)
No full textThis creative project, done in conjunction with the Our Land, Our Literature seminar at the Virginia B. Ball Center for Creative Inquiry, is a web-based resource created to assist middle school teachers (grades six through eight) in incorporating themes and ideas concerning the environment, and more specifically the literature that touches on Indiana's environment, into their curricula. The project includes five-day lesson plans for five authors: Charles Major, Gene Stratton Porter, James Whitcomb Riley, Dorothy Fry Arbuckle, and Oliver Johnson. In addition to these five lesson plans, work done during the seminar is presented, including the Charles Major author entry created during the seminar.Thesis (B.?.)Honors Colleg
Book Reviews
No full textBook Review 1Book Title: Progress in Hematology. Volume IBook Author: Leandro M. Tocantins (Ed.)Pp. ix + 336. 9.75. New York and London: Grune & Stratton, Inc. 1956.Book Review 2Book Title: Doctor and Patient and the Law. Third Edition.Book Author: Louis J. ReganSouth African Price £5 6s. 3d. St. Louis: The C. V. Mosby Company. 1956.Book Review 3Book Title: Fifth Annual Report on Stress -1955/56.Book Author: Hans Selye & Gunnar HeuserPp. 815. New York: MD Publications, Inc. 1956.Book Review 4Book Title: Christopher's Textbook of Surgery. Sixth EditionBook Author: Loyal Davis (Ed.)Pp. xvii + 1484, with 1,359 illustrations on 716 figures. 815.50. Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders Company. 1956.Book Review 5Book Title: Principles of Human Physiology (Twelfth Edition)Book Author: Sir Charles Lovatt Evans, with chapters on the Special Senses by H. HartridgePp. xii + 1233. Illustrations 721-some in colour. 65s. net. London: J. & A. Churchill Ltd. 1956
Captivity of the Oatman girls: being an interesting narrative of life among the Apache and Mohave Indians. Containing an interesting account of the massacre of the Oatman family, by the Apache Indians in 1851; the narrow escape of Lorenzo D. Oatman; the capture of Olive A. and Mary A. Oatman ...
No full textWagner-Camp (4th ed.)Mode of access: Internet
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