1,720,956 research outputs found
Categoria Profissional 1º lugar: Alternativas para definição do PIB Florestal a partir do Sistema de Contas Nacionais
Get PDFA discussão que vem sendo conduzida em torno dos investimentos necessários para a compilação de dados e a estimativa do valor adicionado do setor florestal com o formato de PIB Verde é pertinente, mas ignora as alternativas e as técnicas já disponíveis na modelagem de insumo-produto, com resultados confiáveis e verossímeis da realidade. Diante dos entraves para efetivação das técnicas para a integração de dados físicos do meio ambiente e os sistemas de contas nacionais como preconiza a Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), buscou-se com a presente proposta testar o potencial das técnicas já desenvolvidas em um reagrupamento dos setores econômicos cobertos pela Matriz de Insumo-Produto brasileira de modo a compatibilizar esses setores com os setores tipicamente cobertos nos Inventários de Emissão de Gases de Efeito Estufa. independentemente dos custos envolvidos na elaboração de contas satélites no formato definido pelo SEEA (2012), nos moldes do que foi obtido em ANA (2018), que não são baixos, a metodologia apresentada no presente trabalho vem sendo amplamente empregada no Brasil pelos grupos de pesquisa modeladores de efeitos do clima na economia. O setor florestal analisado isoladamente, atingiu um PIB de R 14,375 bilhões no ano de 2009. Entretanto, sua produção de baixa eficiência explica a sua intensidade de carbono de 20,7 tCO2eq/R 1.000 PIB do setor agropecuário. Entretanto as emissões em 2009 para a agropecuária foi de cerca de 573,7 Mt tCO2eq, o representa mais de três vezes as cerca de 169 Mt tCO2eq atribuída ao setor florestal. Esses resultados demonstram que o baixo valor agregado da produção florestal termina por definir o setor com a maior intensidade de carbono, com também elevada intensidade de energia de 277 tep/R$1.000.000, muito superior a média nacional.Número de páginas: 78 p.Desenvolvimento SustentávelPolíticas EconômicasCategoria Profissional 1º lugar - Tema: Economia e mercados florestais - Subtema: Produto interno bruto (PIB verde
Efeitos econômicos e caráter distributivo da tributação sobre emissões de CO2 no Brasil
Get PDFDissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Economia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia, Centro de Estudos em Economia, Meio Ambiente e Agricultura, 2014.Não restam dúvidas que as mudanças climáticas estão em curso e são capazes de
gerar efeitos negativos sobre os agentes econômicos, as instituições e o bem-estar
social. A presente dissertação estimou os efeitos econômicos e o caráter distributivo da tributação sobre CO2eq no conjunto da economia brasileira em 2009. Para isso, foram implementadas alíquotas de R 80,00/t CO2eq em uma estrutura de Matriz de Contabilidade Social (SAM). A adoção dessa plataforma foi motivada pela capacidade da SAM em representar o padrão produtivo e de consumo predominante nos setores produtivos e nas famílias, bem como nas relações destes com o resto do mundo. Os resultados encontrados mostram que o tributo Pigouviano provoca sem dúvida efeitos recessivos na renda, no emprego e no valor adicionado da economia (PIB), em média correspondente a reduções de 0,9% e 3,7% no PIB, de 0,3% e 1,2% sobre a renda, e de 1,8% e 7,1% no nível de emprego com alíquotas de R 80,00/t CO2eq, respectivamente. No que tange ao caráter distributivo do tributo Pigouviano, este se mostrou progressivo ao obter-se o índice de Gini de 0,548
sem sua incidência e reduções de -0,01% e -0,03% com alíquotas de R 80,00/t CO2eq, respectivamente. O índice mostra que o sistema como um todo é
regressivo, no entanto a imposição do tributo alterou ligeiramente essa condição na cobrança do conjunto dos impostos indiretos sobre as famílias. A questão central na utilização do instrumento é a definição do nível ótimo do tributo, o que depende também das condições estruturais dos setores produtivos e dos custos marginais de abatimento reinantes nos mesmos. Em estudos futuros, é importante desenvolver outras análises no que concerne aos objetivos de neutralidade e equidade, haja vista a maior capacidade do tributo Pigouviano de equalizar o trade-off entre esses objetivos, a considerar as contribuições desse instrumento de melhorias no bem-estar conjugadas no princípio do double dividend. _________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThere is no doubt that climate changes are underway and are able to generate negative
effects on economic agents, institutions and social well-being, especially around the emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHG). This study aims to estimate the economic
effects and the distributive nature of taxation CO2eq in the Brazilian economy. The economic system of 2009 receive the Pigouvian tax rates of R 80,00/t CO2eq in a structure of Social Accounting Matrix (SAM). The adoption of this platform was motivated by the ability of SAM to represent the pattern of production and consumption prevalent in the productive sectors and households, and the relations of these with the rest of the world. The results show that the tribute Pigouviano undoubtedly causes reductions in income, employment and value added in the economy (GDP). These values were in eleven sectors on average of -0.9% and -3.7% in GDP, of -0.3% and -1.2% on income, and -1.8% and -7.1% in employment rates with R 80,00/t CO2eq, respectively. The distributive character of Pigouvian tax is near of a progressive with the Gini index around of 0,548, which shown progressive reductions by leaving the progressive grow up the taxes. This level characterizes the regressivity of the tax system in Brazil, but levy the Pigouvian tax not change this condition, but the Pigouvian tax induced the alleviation of inequality of rents.
The central issue is the best strategy for reduction targets of GHG emissions and what the performance of carbon taxation in reaching these goals. Also, what option has the lowest social cost to fix a price for carbon translated Pigouviano in tax rate to be charged. In future studies, it is important to develop other analysis in relation to the objectives of neutrality and equity, given the larger capacity of Pigouvian tax to equalize the trade-off between these objectives to consider the contributions of this instrument of
improvements in well-being combined in principle of double dividend.Faculdade de Economia, Administração, Contabilidade e Gestão de Políticas Públicas (FACE)Departamento de Economia (FACE ECO)Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia, Mestrado Profissiona
Análise Espacial dos Efeitos da Agropecuária e do Crédito Rural sobre o Bioma Cerrado
No full textThis work aimed to appoint the interactions between agriculture, livestock and rural credit on land use at state of Goiás using remote sensing and census data. The grasslands loses more of 85 % on your original cover between 1970 and 2006. The forestlands and shrublands have been recovering your cover, but in 2006 they lose too and more of 22 % on your original cover. The cultivation of sugar cane increases 5.133 % in three years, into 2002 and 2005. The agriculture rural credit destined for big farms not response for raise the croplands. Nevertheless, its not possible say the same in relation to livestock rural credit, because the data of Rural Credit National System dont have the level of information necessary to explain your relationship with increase of pasturelands. The comparing with rural financing amount show that for each R1,64 of agriculture credit.Pages: 6268-627
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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