407 research outputs found
Supplementary files; Dual GIPR and GLP-1R agonist tirzepatide inhibits aeroallergen-induced allergic airway inflammation in mouse model of obese asthma.
No full textShinji Toki1, Jian Zhang1, Richard L. Printz2, Katherine N. Cahill2, Kevin D. Niswender3,4,5, R. Stokes Peebles Jr. 1,2,5
1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
2 Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
3 Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
4 Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
5 Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USAThese are supplementary files for our article
Pulvinaria araliae Shinji 1935
No full textPulvinaria araliae Shinji, 1935 (Fig. 1) Pulvinaria araliae Shinji, 1935: 771; Ben-Dov, 1993: 250. Material examined. Neotype (here designated) JAPAN: Iwate Prefecture, Morioka, Kouma, on Eleutherococcus spinosus, 13.v.2003, coll. H. Tanaka, 1 adult female (EUMJ). Redescription. Live appearance: adult female elongate oval, fairly flat. Dorsum greenish yellow to green, with no visible wax before oviposition period. Slide-mounted adult female (n=1): body elongate oval, about 2.7 mm long and 2.0 mm wide, margin with shallow indentation at each stigmatic cleft; anal cleft about 1/5–1/6 body length. Dorsum. Derm membranous, dermal areolations lacking. Dorsal setae spiniform, frequent, scattered over entire dorsum, each 7–11 µm long with a well-developed basal socket. Preopercular pores oval to circular, small, each about 2–4 µm wide, 45 distributed in a longitudinal band anterior to anal plates. Dorsal tubular ducts and microducts frequent throughout. Dorsal tubercles absent.Anal plates together quadrate, each plate 162–164 µm long, 72–74 µm wide, with a well-developed supporting bar, posterolateral margin slightly convex, and 4 apical setae. Ano-genital fold with 2 pairs of setae along anterior margin and 2 pairs laterally. Anal ring bearing 6 setae. Eyespots present near margin. Margin. Marginal setae each with a well-developed basal socket and simple pointed apex, 20–64 µm long, each side with 13–14 setae present between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts. Stigmatic clefts shallow, each with 3 stigmatic spines, median spine longest, 84–89 µm long, about 2–4 times as long as a lateral spine. Venter. Derm membranous. Multilocular pores each about 5–8 µm wide, with 5–8 loculi (mostly 7) present around genital opening and on medial areas of all abdominal segments; a small group also present lateral to each meso- and metacoxa. Spiracular pores each 3–5 µm wide, with mainly 5 loculi, present in rather broad bands (3–7 pores wide) between margin and each spiracle; anterior bands each containing about 70 pores, posterior bands each with about 80 pores. Microducts scattered throughout venter, but most frequent on outer submarginal area. Tubular ducts of 3 types: type I with a large outer ductule and a stout inner ductule ending with a well-developed flowershaped terminal gland, present in posterior medial area of head, medial area of all thoracic segments and anterior abdominal segments and also in inner submarginal area extending from region near anterior abdominal segments to prothoracic segments; type II tubular ducts each with a rather small outer ductule and a shallow cup-shaped invagination, leading to a narrower inner ductule with a well-developed terminal gland, mostly distributed in medial area of posterior abdominal segments and inner submarginal area of abdominal segments; and type III ducts similar to type II but with a short filamentous inner ductule and a very small terminal gland, present in submarginal band and forming a complete submarginal ring, including anterior to antennae, and intermixing with type I and type II ducts in inner submarginal area. All abdominal and thoracic segments each with 1 (occasionally 2) pair of long ventral setae, present on medial area. With approximately 5 pairs of long setae present between antennae; other setae short and fine, distributed over entire venter. Spiracles normal; peritreme widths: anterior 64–69 µm, posterior 79–81 µm. Legs well developed, each with a completely articulated tibio-tarsal joint and an articulatory sclerosis; claw without a denticle; both claw digitules rather broad and slightly shorter than thin tarsal digitules. Hind trochanter + femur 376–382 µm long, hind tibia 249–258 µm long, and hind tarsus 119–124 µm long. Antennae 8 segmented, each 509–517 µm long. Labium about 70 µm long, 110 µm wide. Host plants. Araliaceae: Aralia chinensis (Shinji 1935) and Eleutherococcus spinosus (Shinji 1935, as Acanthopanax spinosum). Distribution. Japan: Iwate Prefecture (Shinji 1935). Remarks. Pulvinaria araliae resembles P. nipponica Lindinger, 1933, P. kuwacola Kuwana, 1907, and P. photiniae Kuwana, 1914, in the distribution of type III ventral tubular ducts, the number of loculi in the multilocular pores, and in lacking dorsal tubercles. However, it can be easily distinguished from the above species in having well-developed ventral setae on all the thoracic and abdominal segments, and in lacking dermal areolations on the dorsum. Important diagnostic morphological character states of this species and a comparison between them and those of the type species of the genus, P. vitis (Linnaeus, 1758), are summarized in Table 1. The author of this species, Dr. Orihei Shinji (1885–1951) is known as a problematic taxonomist in Japan and it is thought that at least some of his descriptions are unreliable (Aoki 1996). Furthermore, the original description of P. araliae was based on highly variable morphological characters (e.g. live appearance, proportions of the lengths of antennal segments, body length, and ovisac length) that have little taxonomic value. The type specimens of P. araliae have been reported as lost (Ben-Dov 1993) and the author has searched for type specimens of this species for over 10 years in most of the Coccomorpha collections in Japan, but none could be found. It is concluded that all of Dr. Shinji’s type specimens of Pulvinaria spp. have been lost. Therefore, the specimen of P. araliae described here was identified based only on the identity of the host plant (Eleutherococcus spinosus) and the type locality (Iwate Prefecture, Japan). No other Pulvinaria species are known from Eleutherococcus spinosus (García Morales et al. 2016) and the specimen’s morphology is different from all other known Japanese species of Pulvinaria. The author believes that designation of a neotype of this species is necessary because the original description of the species is not informative and its type material has been lost. The specimen used in the redescription above is here designated as the neotype of P. araliae for the purpose of taxonomic stability. Shinji (1935) wrote that the body of the adult female of P. araliae was subspherical and young adult females (or nymphs) showed as numerous black spots. The neotype specimen was flat and did not show any black spots on the surface; however, its microscopic morphology is consistent with the original description. These discrepancies may be due to differences in the age of the specimens; the specimen collected by Shinji (1935) was probably a fully grown old gravid female.Published as part of Tanaka, Hirotaka, 2020, Redescriptions of three species of Pulvinaria (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) in Japan, pp. 131-141 in Zootaxa 4779 (1) on pages 132-134, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4779.1.10, http://zenodo.org/record/383165
Effect of Toki-shakuyaku-san on the Fetal Development of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
No full textThe effect of a traditional Chinese medicine, Toki-shakuyaku-san (Dang-Gui-Shao-Yao-san), on placental blood flow was evaluated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Pregnant SHR and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) which were divided into 6 groups, were administered either water or 1.5% saline. The rats in the SHR+drug group and the SHR+saline+drug group were administered daily doses of 800mg/Kg of Toki-shakuyaku-san. No drug was administered to the WKY, SHR, WKY +saline and SHR+saline groups. Systolic blood pressure was measured on days 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 of pregnancy using the tail cuff method. The placental blood flow on the 20th day of pregnancy was determined using the electrolytic hydrogen clearance method. The placental blood flow (46±4 vs. 40±5/ml/min/100g, p<0.05) and fetal body weight (3.51±0.08 vs. 3.46 ±0.06g, p<0.05) in the SHR+saline+drug group were higher than those in the SHR+saline group, while there was no change in blood pressure. It is suggested that one of the etiologies of intrauterine growth retardation of the fetus is a decrease in the placental blood flow, and that Toki-shakuyaka-san accelerated development of the fetus by improving the placental blood flow
ESPnet2 pretrained model, Shinji Watanabe/gigaspeech_asr_train_asr_raw_en_bpe5000_valid.acc.ave, fs=16k, lang=en
No full textThis model was trained by Shinji Watanabe using gigaspeech recipe in espnet.
Python API
See https://github.com/espnet/espnet_model_zoo
Evaluate in the recipe
git clone https://github.com/espnet/espnet
cd espnet
git checkout dcb5bdb2ffa34a9f44255c0b073759c5b9b3f86e
pip install -e .
cd egs2/gigaspeech/asr1
./run.sh --skip_data_prep false --skip_train true --download_model Shinji Watanabe/gigaspeech_asr_train_asr_raw_en_bpe5000_valid.acc.ave
Results
# RESULTS
## Environments
- date: `Tue Mar 23 10:03:49 EDT 2021`
- python version: `3.8.5 (default, Sep 4 2020, 07:30:14) [GCC 7.3.0]`
- espnet version: `espnet 0.9.8`
- pytorch version: `pytorch 1.7.1`
- Git hash: `dcb5bdb2ffa34a9f44255c0b073759c5b9b3f86e`
- Commit date: `Sat Mar 13 10:16:16 2021 -0500`
## asr_train_asr_raw_en_bpe5000
### WER
|dataset|Snt|Wrd|Corr|Sub|Del|Ins|Err|S.Err|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|decode_asr_asr_model_valid.acc.ave/dev|2043|51075|92.9|4.5|2.6|2.1|9.2|65.6|
|decode_asr_asr_model_valid.acc.ave/test|9627|175116|90.5|7.0|2.5|6.1|15.6|69.3|
### CER
|dataset|Snt|Wrd|Corr|Sub|Del|Ins|Err|S.Err|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|decode_asr_asr_model_valid.acc.ave/dev|2043|271188|97.5|0.9|1.6|1.7|4.2|65.6|
|decode_asr_asr_model_valid.acc.ave/test|9627|909930|96.5|1.6|1.9|5.6|9.0|69.3|
### TER
|dataset|Snt|Wrd|Corr|Sub|Del|Ins|Err|S.Err|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|decode_asr_asr_model_valid.acc.ave/dev|2043|63598|93.3|3.9|2.8|2.1|8.8|65.6|
|decode_asr_asr_model_valid.acc.ave/test|9627|218851|90.8|6.1|3.1|7.0|16.2|69.3|
ASR config
config: conf/train_asr.yaml
print_config: false
log_level: INFO
dry_run: false
iterator_type: sequence
output_dir: exp/asr_train_asr_raw_en_bpe5000
ngpu: 1
seed: 0
num_workers: 1
num_att_plot: 3
dist_backend: nccl
dist_init_method: env://
dist_world_size: 4
dist_rank: 0
local_rank: 0
dist_master_addr: localhost
dist_master_port: 37831
dist_launcher: null
multiprocessing_distributed: true
unused_parameters: false
sharded_ddp: false
cudnn_enabled: true
cudnn_benchmark: false
cudnn_deterministic: true
collect_stats: false
write_collected_feats: false
max_epoch: 20
patience: null
val_scheduler_criterion:
- valid
- loss
early_stopping_criterion:
- valid
- loss
- min
best_model_criterion:
- - valid
- acc
- max
keep_nbest_models: 10
grad_clip: 5.0
grad_clip_type: 2.0
grad_noise: false
accum_grad: 4
no_forward_run: false
resume: true
train_dtype: float32
use_amp: false
log_interval: null
use_tensorboard: true
use_wandb: false
wandb_project: null
wandb_id: null
detect_anomaly: false
pretrain_path: null
init_param: []
freeze_param: []
num_iters_per_epoch: null
batch_size: 20
valid_batch_size: null
batch_bins: 35000000
valid_batch_bins: null
train_shape_file:
- exp/asr_stats_raw_en_bpe5000/train/speech_shape
- exp/asr_stats_raw_en_bpe5000/train/text_shape.bpe
valid_shape_file:
- exp/asr_stats_raw_en_bpe5000/valid/speech_shape
- exp/asr_stats_raw_en_bpe5000/valid/text_shape.bpe
batch_type: numel
valid_batch_type: null
fold_length:
- 80000
- 150
sort_in_batch: descending
sort_batch: descending
multiple_iterator: false
chunk_length: 500
chunk_shift_ratio: 0.5
num_cache_chunks: 1024
train_data_path_and_name_and_type:
- - dump/raw/train/wav.scp
- speech
- kaldi_ark
- - dump/raw/train/text
- text
- text
valid_data_path_and_name_and_type:
- - dump/raw/dev/wav.scp
- speech
- kaldi_ark
- - dump/raw/dev/text
- text
- text
allow_variable_data_keys: false
max_cache_size: 0.0
max_cache_fd: 32
valid_max_cache_size: null
optim: adam
optim_conf:
lr: 0.0015
scheduler: warmuplr
scheduler_conf:
warmup_steps: 25000
token_list:
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- ▁ELECT
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- ▁EUROPE
- IF
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- NC
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- ENED
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- ▁TOTALLY
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- FOR
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- ▁OPERATION
- ▁LIMIT
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- ▁REALIZE
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- ▁GIRLS
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- ▁DEVICE
- HU
- LIT
- ▁STATION
- TIES
- ▁CAUGHT
- FO
- ▁CITIZEN
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- ▁CATCH
- ▁EASILY
- ▁PATIENTS
- ▁SHIFT
- ▁THEORY
- ▁LABOR
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- ICALLY
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- ▁ENGLAND
- ▁PERFORMANCE
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- ▁GENERALLY
- ▁TOPIC
- ▁GIVES
- ▁BIGGEST
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- ▁MIN
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- ▁HARM
- ▁CROWD
- TERN
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- JA
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- LIKE
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- ▁BILLION
- ▁PRESSURE
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- ▁LINES
- ▁GROWTH
- ▁ACCORDING
- ▁MAG
- ▁SOMEWHERE
- ▁LONDON
- ▁EXERCISE
- ▁FER
- ▁CAST
- ▁ANIMALS
- ▁BECOMES
- ▁DINNER
- MATE
- ▁FREEDOM
- ▁DRUG
- ▁PRISON
- ▁PARTS
- ▁SPORT
- PEN
- ▁ROB
- AF
- ▁ACHIEVE
- ▁LENGTH
- ▁SQUARE
- ▁KI
- LD
- RIGHT
- ANE
- ▁STOCK
- ▁FILL
- ▁AUSTRALIAN
- ▁ESCAPE
- ▁RAIN
- ▁AFFECT
- VERSE
- ▁AVOID
- IFF
- ▁EXTREMELY
- TERED
- ▁SILENCE
- ▁RAT
- ▁MANAGEMENT
- ▁SHOULDER
- ▁OIL
- ▁PET
- PPING
- PLE
- ▁MULTIPLE
- ▁ACTIVE
- ▁SECTION
- ▁CONTAIN
- ▁YOUTUBE
- ▁UNION
- ▁VIOLENCE
- ▁RECENT
- NN
Tessaradomidae Jullien 1903
No full textFamily Tessaradomidae Jullien in Jullien and Calvet, 1903 <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Jullien and Calvet (1903) placed <i>Tessaradoma</i> Norman, 1869 in their new family Lepralidae in the text, but also proposed the family Tessaradomidae in their plate 14, comparing the position of the operculum with that in other families. In that article, new families were written as for example, “Famille Adeonidae J. Jullien 1903 ”. According to this, the author of Tessaradomidae can be attributed to Jullien only (Hayward and Ryland 1979).</p>Published as part of <i>Arakawa, Shinji, 2024, Descriptions of Three Cheilostomatid Bryozoan Species from the Continental Shelf off Boso Peninsula, Japan, pp. 99-110 in Species Diversity 29 (1)</i> on page 100, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.99, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10928489">http://zenodo.org/record/10928489</a>
Novel Environmentally Friendly Inorganic Orange Pigments Based on NaₓWO₃
No full textThis is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Chemistry Letters following peer review. The version of record Yo Shimura, Shinji Tamura, Novel environmentally friendly inorganic orange pigments based on NaₓWO₃, Chemistry Letters, Volume 54, Issue 9, September 2025, upaf175, is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/chemle/upaf175.Lithium-doped NaWO₃ (Na₁−xLixWO₃, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.20) was investigated as a novel environmentally friendly inorganic orange pigment. Li⁺ incorporation induced local structural distortions in WO₆ octahedra, modulating d–d transitions and bandgap absorption. The sample with x = 0.05 composition exhibited maximum red reflectance and vivid coloration due to minimized octahedral distortion. These results demonstrate that lattice-level control of symmetry offers a viable strategy to tune visible light absorption and color properties in lead- and cadmium-free pigment materials
Family altruism and incentives
No full textThe author builds on the altruistic model of the family, to explore the strategic interaction between altruistic parents, and selfish children, when children's efforts are endogenous. If there is uncertainty about the amount of income the children will realize, and if parents have imperfect information, the children have an incentive to exert little effort, and to rely on their parent's altruistically motivated transfers. Because of this, parents face a tradeoff between the insurance that bequests implicitly provide their children, and the disincentive to work prompted by their altruism. The author shows that if parents can credibly commit to a pattern of transfers, they will choose not to compensate children in bad outcomes, as much as predicted by the standard (no uncertainty, no asymmetric information) dynastic model of the family. Alternatively, parents may choose to forgo any insurance, and offer a fixed level of bequest, to elicit greater effort from their children. The optimal transfers structure that the author derives, reconciles the predictions of the altruistic family model, with much of the existing evidence on inter-generational transfers, which suggests that parents compensate only partially, or not at all, for earnings differentials among their children. Moreover, the author shows that Ricardian equivalence holds in this setup, except when non-negativity constraints are binding.Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Health Economics&Finance,Educational Sciences,Safety Nets and Transfers
Catalytic Combustion-Type Methane Gas Sensor with Tungsten-doped Apatite-type Gadolinium Silicate
No full textThis is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Chemistry Letters following peer review. The version of record Wonjoon Lee, Shinji Tamura, Nobuhito Imanaka, Catalytic combustion-type methane gas sensor with tungsten-doped apatite-type gadolinium silicate, Chemistry Letters, Volume 54, Issue 10, October 2025, upaf177, is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/chemle/upaf177.We report a thermally engineered apatite-type Gd₁₀Si₆−xWxO₂₇+δ-supported PdO/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst for catalytic combustion-type CH₄ sensor. Incorporation of W⁶⁺ induces local lattice distortion via strong W–O bonds, reducing catalyst-specific heat capacity and enabling rapid internal heat transfer. This accelerates sensor response speed and sensitivity at lower operating temperatures. Optimized PdO/Gd₁₀Si₅.₇W₀.₃O₂₇+δ/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst exhibited more than twice the sensor output and a significantly shorter response time than the undoped system, demonstrating lattice-level thermal control via strategic chemical substitution improves sensor performance
Can reforming global institutions help developing countries share more in the benefits from globalization?
No full textGlobalization could significantly expand trade, international investment, and technological advances, but the gains from global integration have been unevenly distributed across and within nations. Greater global interdependence has also brought greater macroeconomic volatility, resulting in several serious financial crises in the second half of the 1990s. The global matrix of Bretton Woods and United Nations institutions that developed starting in the 1940s, formed under a different balance of power, in a world of fixed exchange rates and limited capital mobility. Since the 1960s regional financial institutions have emerged because of the greater autonomy of different regions and the greater financial needs of development. The author reviews different proposals for reform of the international financial institutions and changes in the roles of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. He highlights the implications for developing countries of (1) Policy conditionality. (2) The countercyclical role of multilaterals'lending. (3) Greater lending to middle-income than to low-income developing countries. (3) Access to liquidity at times of crisis. (4) Mechanisms for giving low-income countries a greater voice in IMF and World Bank decisionmaking. The author streses the overlapping responsibilities of the Bretton Woods and regional financial institutions and the need to reassess the allocation of responsibilities and to develop better coordination mechanisms between these institutions. Those designing institutional reform must consider the corporate capabilities of each type of institution. The corporate cultures of global and regional institutions differ. So does the kind of knowledge they generate and disseminate, and so do patterns of interactions with, and mechanisms for representation of, client countries.Finally, the author calls attention to the need to harmonize national and global growth-oriented policies in a way that reduces volatility and promotes social equity.Environmental Economics&Policies,Governance Indicators,Financial Intermediation,Economic Theory&Research,Banks&Banking Reform
Current status of open access in biomedical field-the comparison of countries related to the impact of national policies
No full textThe purpose of the article is to show the current status of Open Access (OA) in biomedical field, and compare some countries such as the U.S., the U.K. and Japan in terms of the OA situation. There are controversies about the definition of OA. After examining the requirements about OA, we recognized OA as the situation in which researchers could read the full text of articles in unrestricted way. In order to investigate the current situation of OA, 4,756 articles were sampled randomly from articles published between January and September in 2005 and indexed in PubMed. The main results are as follows: 1) The rate of OA articles was 25%, and 75% of all the articles were available online including electronic subscription journal articles. 2) The means of OA was classified into five types. Among them, the rate of OA articles by “OA and Hybrid OA journals” was overwhelming (more than 70%), and that of PMC was 26.2%. The rates of OA articles by “institutional repositories” and “authors’ personal sites” were considerably low (6.0% and 4.9% respectively). 3) When comparing the rates of OA articles by countries, Belgium ranked the first with 41.7%. The five countries indicated more than 30% in OA articles: Canada and India (38.7%), Brazil (36.4%), Australia (30.8%), and the U.S. (30.7%). Each country was different in the means of OA. 4) We explored the rates of OA for two groups; one group consists of articles published in journals with IF, and the other consists of articles published in journals without IF. The rate of OA for the group of articles in journals with IF is 20.6%, and that of articles in journals without IF is 30.8%
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