52 research outputs found
Hyojun dai toa bunzu. 18 , Hawai shoto hen /
No full textMap of Hawaii published in Japan in 1943.; Also available in an electronic version via the internet at: http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-vn6451628. 880-04 Inset: Shinjuwan oyobi Honoruru fukin -- Hawai shoto fukin (Sandoicchi shoto). Scale 1:9,000,000.880-04 Inset: 1-MO!KB'IC!5#i%[i%Ni%ki%k!0o
No full textIn order to examine potential acoustic cues for politeness in Japanese speech, fO and temporal aspects of polite and casual utterances of two question sentences spoken by
six male native speakers were acoustically analysed. The analysis showed that fO movement of the final part of utterances and speech rate of utterance were consistently differently used in these different speaking styles (i.e., 'polite' and 'casual')across all the speakers. Perceptual experiments with listeners using a rating scale
method confirmed that these acoustic variables, which were manipulated using digital resynthesis, had an impact on politeness perception. It was showed that the duration
and fO direction of the final vowel of utterances were so influential that the overall impression of utterance politeness was changed. An experiment which used speech
rate variations of a polite utterance showed the important role of this variable in perceived politeness. Politeness ratings showed an inverted-U shape as a function of speech rate, but differed according to particular speakers. The speech rate of listeners was found to affect their utterance rate preference; listeners clearly preferred rates
close to their own, i.e., rates they perceived as 'natural' or comfortable. A final experiment, using speech rate variations of a polite utterance as stimuli and a two alternative forced-choice procedure, showed a very high correlation between perceived politenesss cores and naturalness scores. This suggests the importance of
listener characteristics in politeness research
ACE inhibitory effect of the protein hydrolysates prepared from commercially available nori product by pepsin-trypsin digestion
No full textWe studied angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory effect of the protein hydrolysates prepared from commercially available nori products that contain Pyropia pseudolinearis as the main ingredient. The water extract of the nori product consisted mainly of phycobiliproteins and RubisCO. The proteins in the aqueous extracts were sequentially hydrolyzed with pepsin and trypsin, and the peptides in the pepsin-trypsin digests were fractionated by reversed-phase HPLC. As a result, 12 ACE inhibitory peptides containing ten novel peptides were identified. These peptides are suggested to have originated from the alpha- and beta-subunits of phycobiliproteins and the large subunits of RubisCO of P. pseudolinearis. The interactions of eight peptides (ALR, FAR, FSR, FDR, EVYR, AYR, GRP, and MVT) with ACE were then simulated using the flexible docking tool Auto Dock Vina. The results showed that all peptides interacted with the active center of ACE, and their docking scores ranged from - 6.8 to - 10.2 kcal/mol. In addition, we synthesized four peptides (AYR, FAR, EVYR, and GRP) and measured the IC50 values of these peptides for ACE. Consequently, FAR and GRP showed considerably low IC50 values (0.29 mu mol and 0.45 mu mol, respectively) in addition to other ACE inhibitory peptides. Moreover, FAR, which is specific to the nori product, was predicted to bind to the S1, S1 ', and S2 ' subsites of the catalytic center of ACE. Therefore, it can be expected that daily intake of "nori products" may have a positive effect on the prevention of hypertension
Aspects of anxiety harboured by intermediate / advanced level Japanese language sutdents when using Keigo (honorific language) : Examples through qualitative analysis based on student explanations
No full text筆者は、授業実践を行なった「敬語コミュニケーション」科目の受講生である中上級日本語学習者がどのような敬語使用不安を抱いているのかを見るため、学期中に学習者が記入した、不安に関する質問の自由記述内容を資料とし、KJ法を用いて分析した。その結果、<1>自分の気持ちと敬語を使う意識の隔たり、<2>学習の各段階で直面する自分の能力不足と間違いに対する心配、<3>限られている敬語使用の機会、<4>敬語使用に伴う緊張や反省、<5>誤解されないための敬語回避やためらい、<6>敬語を用いた会話参加への自信喪失、<7>敬語習得の展望や目標達成への疑念、という7つの島が浮かび上がった。これらの島と島の関係を叙述化した上で、学習者の敬語の使用や学習に対する向き合い方は常に不安定で、ジレンマに陥る可能性と隣り合わせであることなどを指摘する。This report analyzed the students taking the “Keigo Communication” course in which the author conducted teaching practice in order to look at what kinds of anxieties intermediate /advanced level Japanese language students harbour when using Keigo using the free answers filled-in by students during the semester to questions about anxiety as materials and applying the KJ Method. As a result, the following 7 observations were made. 1. Difference in one’s feelings and in awareness when using Keigo. 2. Anxiety about one’s lack of ability and mistakes faced at each stage of study. 3. Limited opportunities to use Keigo. 4. Strain and reflection with the use of Keigo. 5. Avoidance or hesitation of Keigo in order to avoid misunderstandings. 6. Loss of confidence in
conversations using Keigo. 7. Misgivings about vision and goal achievement for Keigo acquisition. After giving a picture of relationships between these observations, it will be indicated that nature in the face of use or study Keigo are always unstable and this goes hand in hand with the possibility of being trapped in a dilemma
敬語が与える印象に関する研究 : マニュアル敬語の実態に着目して
No full textThis paper was instigated by the author’s experience of working as a part-time salesperson in the hospitality industry, during which time a customer complained about the author’s overly polite way of greeting. The honorifics suggested by the staff manual —that is, Manual Keigo— may lead to customers feeling a psychological distance between themselves and the staff; therefore, the polite intention of honorifics may not be conveyed to the customers. Honorifics themselves generally express politeness; however, the question was raised from the experience above as to whether the use of Manual Keigo would really convey polite intention and make a good impression in all situations.The author conducted a questionnaire survey to investigate the situations in which Manual Keigo was used, and how salespeople used it. Focusing on the salespeople’s impressions, the author aimed to explore the following three questions: 1）Is Manual Keigo actually used or not, 2）What kinds of Manual Keigo are used in which parts of the hospitality industry, and 3）How do salespeople use Manual Keigo in each situation?The results of the survey revealed that not all the Manual Keigo led to feelings of distance between a salesperson and a customer. In some cases, Manual Keigo reduced distances by expressing closeness and making a good impression on the customer. While Manual Keigo is widely used, it is important for salespeople to use it properly, adapting it to each customer and situation. If a salesperson fails to use it properly, the customer may feel uncomfortable. Many salespeople in the hospitality industry are selective in their use of Manual Keigo according to their judgement of the situation, and their good judgement makes a good impression on the customer
‘Ba’ for effective knowledge management: in the era of digitalization in construction organisations
No full textThis study aims to explore what design of ‘ba’, the Japanese concept which translates into ‘place’ or ‘space’ in English, facilitates effective knowledge creation in construction organisations. Although many scholars have investigated the field of knowledge management in construction organisations, few have focused on ‘ba’, where the knowledge creation process takes place (Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1998). ‘Ba’ is defined as ‘a shared context in which knowledge is shared, created and utilised (Nonaka et al., 2000)’, and ‘ba’ can be physical (e.g. meeting rooms), virtual (e.g. e-mails), and even mental space (e.g. shared values). Although ‘ba’ has been recognised as the essential part of knowledge creation, it is not fully clear what design of ‘ba’ can facilitate organisational knowledge creation better due to its ambiguity and intractability. Moreover, new ICT tools have emerged and used for ‘ba’ since the concept was first introduced in the 1990s, and the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the use of virtual environments in business. Also, few examined the impact of individuals’ traits such as generational differences in values and Belbin team roles on ‘ba’. Therefore, exploring ‘ba’ in accordance with the above aspects can contribute to enhancing knowledge creation in organisations. This research is divided into three parts: literature study, qualitative data collection and analysis, and recommendations. In the literature study, the conceptual model of ‘ba’ is reconstructed based on the extant literature in order to clarify the nature of ‘ba’. The model suggests the nature of ‘ba’ is “a shared space given meaning by inter-subjective relationships and inter-corporeal relationships”. Moreover, the four categories of enabling conditions that stimulate ‘ba’ are identified, namely social/behavioural, cognitive/epistemic, information systems, and strategy/structure. Subsequently, the empirical data obtained by semi-structured interviews with East Japan Railway Company show both physical and virtual ‘ba’ are used in the organisation. Comparing physical ‘ba’ with virtual ‘ba’, most informants described that physical ‘ba’ that allows face-to-face communication is appropriate for knowledge creation activities. Sharing the physical space allows participants to convey their ideas adequately with inter-corporeal interaction. As the construction industry heavily depends on tacit knowledge due to its intrinsic nature, the environment where tacit knowledge conversion is easily taken place is considered effective for knowledge creation. Also, focusing on individuals’ characteristics specifically generation differences and Belbin orientation, these variables do not affect the perception of ‘ba’ that facilitates knowledge creation. On the other hand, organisational tenure may indirectly influence the perception of ‘ba’ since most of the interviewees have worked for a long time within the same organisation and the organisation’s values and philosophy can be steeped in their minds as their tenures increased. Finally, recommendations were developed to facilitate the knowledge-creating process by combining the results of the literature study and empirical study. The following three key recommendations were proposed: design 'ba' with corporeality; complement the lack of corporeality; Clarify the meaning of ‘ba’. Civil Engineering | Construction Management and Engineerin
Application of linearized inverse scattering methods for the inspection in steel plates embedded in concrete structures
No full textACE inhibitory effect of the protein hydrolysates prepared from commercially available nori product by pepsin-trypsin digestion
No full textStudies on Bone-marrow Tissue Culture in Rabbits with Experimental Anemia Part 1. Bone-marrow Tissue Culture in Rabbits with Benzol-induced Anemia
No full textIn the observations on the bone marrow obtained from femur of rabbits with benzolinduced anemia by tissue culture of cover-slip method, the author arrived at the following conclusions. 1) In the bone marrow which is histologically attacked only slightly, both tissue growth and cell function are either slightly enhanced or diminished by tissue culture. 2) In the bone marrow which is histologically damaged, the tissue growth and cell function are diminished; and the bone marrow which is markedly damaged has no tissue growth at all, resembling the findings observable in human hypoplastic anemia. 3) From these the following points have been clarified. Namely, benzol acting on bone marrow elevates the bone-marrow function slightly at first and then inhibits it, and gradually diminishing the number of parenchymal cells of bone marrow, it finally destroy them completely and thus changes them into fat marrow, presenting a similar picture of human hypoplastic anemia even in this tissue culture
Dataset of identified scholars mentioned in acknowledgement statements
No full textAcknowledgements represent scholars’ relationships as part of the research contribution. While co-authors and citations are often provided as a well-formatted bibliometric database, acknowledged individuals are difficult to identify because they appear as part of the statements in the paper. We identify acknowledged scholars who appeared in papers published in open-access journals by referring to the co-author and citation relationships stored in the Microsoft Academic Graph (MAG). Therefore, the constructed dataset is compatible with MAG, which accelerates and expands the acknowledgements as a data source of scholarly relationships similar to collaboration and citation analysis. Moreover, the implemented code is publicly available; thus, it can be applied in other studies
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