10 research outputs found
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice toward Clostridium Botulinum Outbreak in Home-Canned Bamboo Shoots at Pakaluang Subdistrict, Ban Luang District, Nan Province, Thailand
No full textThis study aims to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward Clostridium botulinum outbreak in home-canned bamboo shoots at Pakalung SubDistrict, Ban Luang District, Nan Province, Thailand. A cross-sectional approach was conducted to assess KAP using a structured questionnaire. A total of 280 people, randomly selected responded by face to face interview. The results indicated that the knowledge and attitude of the participants were moderate and neutral (57.9 % and 51.8 %, respectively). The prevalence of good practice level was 89.6 %. Furthermore, the knowledge was significantly associated with social-demographic characteristics (Chi-square, p<0.05) i.e. education level (p<0.001), occupation (p<0.029), monthly incomes (p<0.001). The attitude was associated with age group (p<0.001), education level (p<0.002), monthly incomes (p<0.001) and monthly incomes (p<0.001) are associated with practice level. The information gained would be utilized for health promotion and use of appropriate tools to increase more knowledge, and changing wrong beliefs concerning food habits and changing some people’s practices that might increase risk related to C. botulinum foodborne.Peer reviewed
Eosembia lamunae Poolprasert, Sitthicharoenchai, Lekprayoon & Butcher, 2011, sp. n.
No full textEosembia lamunae sp. n. (Figs. 1, 2) Diagnosis. The male of E. lamunae can be readily distinguished from congeners by the left paraproct (LPPT), which caudally is a sharp hook directed leftwards, and by the basal segment of the left cercus, which is club-like, slightly dilated distally but not lobed. The females can be easily recognized by the cervical sclerite, prothorax and all legs being bright orange throughout. Material examined. Holotype male (CUMZ-EMB-Oli. 2010.115), 2 male paratypes, 2 female paratypes (CUMZ-EMB-Oli. 2010.116 - 119), Thailand, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thap Sakae District, dry evergreen forest, 11 ° 37.564 ’N 099° 36.867 ’E, 61 m, 17.III. 2009, collected by P. Poolprasert. Distribution. This species is known only from Thap Sakae District, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand. Etymology. This species is named after the late Lamun Poolprasert, mother of the senior author. Description. Alate male (Fig. 1 A) (n = 3, mean (range)): Head width × length 1.2 (1.1–1.2) × 1.6 (1.5–1.6) mm, body length 13.5 (13.2–14.1) mm, width 1.9 (1.8–1.9) mm, forewing 9.2 (9.1–9.2) mm, hindwing 8.3 (8.2– 8.3) mm. Head capsule darkish brown, longer than broad, sides caudally convergent. Eyes entirely dark. Anterior margin of labrum blackish brown and equally rounded. Submentum trapezoidal with shallow medial concave anterior margin (Fig. 2 A), blackish. Mandible dark and slender. Antennae long, dark throughout, 29 -segmented. Prothorax bright orange. Meso- and metathorax dorsally darkish brown and slightly paler ventrally. All legs bright orange throughout from coxae to femurs, except for a darker color on tibiae and tarsi. Wings dark brown. Hind basitarsus with two papillae (Fig. 2 D). Abdomen dark brown throughout with darker terminalia. Terminalia with 10 L broader than 10 R. Process 10 LP becoming yellowish distally, broad, spatulate with a sharp outer-apical angle; 10 RP long, lengthy membranous inner margin, gradually arced rightward with a small outer hook at the apex. Hypandrium (H) broad basally, gradually narrowing caudally, forming a broad process of H (HP) directed slightly towards left cercus and beneath 10 LP. LPPT produced caudally as a sharp hook directed leftwards. Basal segment of LC 1 long, slightly dilated distally but not lobed. Apterous female (Fig. 1 B) (n = 2, mean (range)): Head width × length 1.3 (1.2, 1.4) × 1.8 (1.7, 1.9) mm, body length 17.9 (17.5, 18.3) mm, width 2.3 (2.3, 2.4) mm. Head capsule blackish brown, convex, longer than broad. Eyes dark. Antennae 25 -segmented with white tips. Prothorax bright orange, cream-white intersegmental banding anterior and posterior to mesoscutum. Meso- and metathoracic sclerites dark brown. Forelegs concolorous with pronotum except for bright brown basitarsi. Middle and hind legs entirely bright orange throughout. Hind basitarsus with two papillae. Abdomen dark throughout with cream-white striped lateral plates. Ninth sternum medially inset in the body with three inner lobes at the base (Fig. 2 E). Tenth sternum symmetrically divided longitudinally into two lateral plates. Cerci entirely brown. Remarks. The new species was collected during the dry season (March) in a dry evergreen forest. Colonies occur on the surface of lichen-covered rocks. The silk gallery is large and conspicuous (Fig. 1 C). FIGURE 2. Important characters of Eosembia lamunae sp. n. (A) Head of male, (B) Terminalia (dorsal) of male, (C) Terminalia (ventral) of male, (D) Hind tarsus of male and (E) Sternites of female. Abbreviations: 8 = eighth abdominal sternite; 9 = ninth abdominal sternite; 10 L and 10 R = left and right hemitergites of the tenth segment; 10 LP and 10 RP = left and right tergal processes; EP = epiproct (segment 11); H = hypandrium (sternite 9); HP = hypandrium process; LPPT = left paraproct; LC 1 and LC 2 = first and second segments of the left cercus; RC 1 and RC 2 = first and second segments of the right cercus. FIGURE 4. Important characters of Eosembia paradorni sp. n. (A) Head of male, (B) Terminalia (dorsal) of male, (C) Terminalia (ventral) of male, (D) Hind tarsus of male and (E) Sternites of female. Abbreviations: 8 = eighth abdominal sternite; 9 = ninth abdominal sternite; 10 L and 10 R = left and right hemitergites of the tenth segment; 10 LP and 10 RP = left and right tergal processes; EP = epiproct (segment 11); H = hypandrium (sternite 9); HP = hypandrium process; LPPT = left paraproct; LC 1 and LC 2 = first and second segments of the left cercus; RC 1 and RC 2 = first and second segments of the right cercus. FIGURE 5. Left cercus (LC 1) and left and right tergal processes (10 LP and 10 RP) of the webspinner genus Eosembia (A–O). Abbreviations: LC 1 = first segment of the left cercus; 10 LP and 10 RP = left and right tergal processes; LPPT = left paraproct. Figures are drawn based on figures by Kapur & Kripalani (1957), Lu (1990), Poolprasert & Edgerly (2011) and Ross (1978, 2007).Published as part of Poolprasert, Pisit, Sitthicharoenchai, Duangkhae, Lekprayoon, Chariya & Butcher, Buntika Areekul, 2011, Two remarkable new species of webspinners in the genus Eosembia Ross, 2007 (Embioptera: Oligotomidae) from Thailand, pp. 1-11 in Zootaxa 2967 on pages 3-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20656
Clinical Manifestations and Treatment of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) by 13 Years Experience, More Than 10,000 Cases
Get PDFClinical manifestations and treatment on dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) were summarized based on 13 years experience of the first author at the Pediatric Department, Nakorn Phanom Provincial Hospital, Thailand. DHF is an acute febrile disease, characterized by hemoconcentration, thrombocytopenia, and coagulopathy. The underlying mechanism of increased vascular permeability, leads to hemoconcentration, hypovolemic shock, metabolic abnormalities, then disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), if not properly treated. Direct cause of death in DHF is either circulatory failure or massive hemorrhage. Therefore, DHF case management should be directed to correct determination of the stage and grade of the disease, and prescribe proper recipes, such as intravenous infusion and blood transfusion
Clinical Manifestations and Treatment of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) by 13 Years Experience, More Than 10,000 Cases
Get PDFClinical manifestations and treatment on dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) were summarized based on 13 years experience of the first author at the Pediatric Department, Nakorn Phanom Provincial Hospital, Thailand. DHF is an acute febrile disease, characterized by hemoconcentration, thrombocytopenia, and coagulopathy. The underlying mechanism of increased vascular permeability, leads to hemoconcentration, hypovolemic shock, metabolic abnormalities, then disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), if not properly treated. Direct cause of death in DHF is either circulatory failure or massive hemorrhage. Therefore, DHF case management should be directed to correct determination of the stage and grade of the disease, and prescribe proper recipes, such as intravenous infusion and blood transfusion.熱帯医学 Tropical medicine 36(3). p93-101, 1994departmental bulletin pape
Document de Nara: ses acquis et ses limites. Conversaciones con... Herb Stovel Num. 8 Año 5 (2019) julio-diciembre
No full textDiversité du patrimoine, diversité des cultures. Dès les débuts de la mise en oeuvre de la Convention du patrimoine mondial, ces deux données ont été prises en compte. L’apport de la Conférence de Nara et des réunions qui l’ont suivie est d’avoir permis à toutes les régions du monde de les approfondir et de mettre en lumière la nécessité d’une application souple du test de l’authenticité. Dans cette heureuse évolution, Herb Stovel a rempli un rôle majeur. Mais c’est surtout l’adoption de la «Stratégie globale» qui a ouvert la Liste du patrimoine mondial à des sites beaucoup plus nombreux et divers en vue de lui donner une meilleure représentativité des nations et des cultures. Cette large extension et la relativité admise dans le test d’authenticité posent toutefois des problèmes: identification des biens culturels, interprétation, gestion de sites urbains ou paysages habités, projets de reconstruction. Pour assurer la crédibilité de la Convention, il importe d’éviter les tentations de replis identitaires et les pratiques de conservation mercantiles ou sauvages, pour élaborer en commun des principes de conservation de portée universelle s’inscrivant dans le courant des coopérations internationales multilatérales, au service des buts de l’UNESCO.Cameron, Christina (2008) “Evolution of the application of the Outstanding Universal Value for Cultural and Natural Heritage”, in: What is OUV? Monuments and Sites XVI, ICOMOS, Paris, pp. 71-74.Cameron, Christina and Mechtild Rössler (2013) Many voices, one vision: the early years of the World Heritage Convention, Ashgate, Farnham.Charoenwongsa, Pisit (1995) “Authenticity: does it really matter much?”, in: Knut Einar Larsen (ed.), Nara conference on authenticity - Conférence de Nara sur l’authenticité, Japan 1994, Proceedings, UNESCO World Heritage Centre/Agency for Cultural Affairs (Japan)/ICCROM/ICOMOS, Tapir Publishers, Trondheim, pp. 287-292.Coalition Internationale des Sites de Conscience (2018) L’interprétation des sites de mémoire, Étude commandée par le Centre du Patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO, UNESCO, Paris.Feilden, Bernard et Jukka Jokilehto (1993) Guide de gestion des sites du patrimoine culturel mondial, ICCROM/UNESCO/ICOMOS, Rome.Lemaire, Raymond (1993) "Authenticité et patrimoine monumental", Restauro (129): 7-24.NARA +20 (2014) NARA + 20. On heritage practices, cultural values, and the concept of authenticity.ONU (2007) Déclaration des droits des peuples indigènes, Organisation des Nations Unies, New York.Parent, Michel (1979) "Principes et critères d’inscription des biens à la Liste du Patrimoine Mondial", Rapport présenté à la troisième session du Comité du patrimoine mondial, Louxor, Egypte. UNESCO CC-79/CONF.003/11.Petzet, Michael (2008) “Introduction”, in: What is OUV? Monuments and Sites XVI, ICOMOS, Paris, pp. 7-10.Saouma-Forero, Galia (ed.) (2001) Authenticity and integrity in an African context. Expert meeting, Great Zimbabwe, 26/29 May, 2000, UNESCO, Paris.UNESCO (1993) Rapport sur la ‘Stratégie globale’ et les études thématiques pour une liste représentative du patrimoine mondial.Réunion d’experts tenue à Paris du 20 au 22 juin 1993, UNESCO, Paris. UNESCO WHC-94/CONF.003/INF.6.UNESCO (1998) Rapport sur la Stratégie globale pour les biens naturels et culturels du patrimoine mondial. Réunion d’experts tenue à Amsterdam du 22 au 27 mars 1998, UNESCO. UNESCO WHC-98/CONF.203/INF.7.UNESCO (2016) Culture urban future. Global report on culture for sustainable urban development, UNESCO, Paris
Documento de Nara: sus logros y sus límites. Conversaciones con... Herb Stovel Num. 8 Año 5 (2019) julio-diciembre
No full textDiversidad de patrimonio, diversidad de culturas. Desde el comienzo de la puesta en práctica de la Convención de Patrimonio Mundial, se han tenido en cuenta ambos conceptos. La contribución de la Conferencia de Nara y de las reuniones posteriores ha sido permitir que todas las regiones del mundo profundicen acerca de ellas, así como resaltar la necesidad de una aplicación flexible de la prueba de autenticidad. En esta feliz evolución, Herb Stovel tuvo un papel importante. Pero es especialmente la adopción de la “Estrategia global” lo que ha abierto la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial a muchos sitios cada vez más diversos, lo que le confiere una mejor representación de las naciones y las culturas. Sin embargo, esta amplia extensión y la relatividad admitida en la prueba de autenticidad plantean problemas: identificación de bienes culturales, interpretación, gestión de sitios urbanos o paisajes habitados, proyectos de reconstrucción. Para garantizar la credibilidad de la Convención, es importante evitar las tentaciones de repliegues de identidad y prácticas de conservación mercantil o salvaje, con el fin de desarrollar conjuntamente principios de conservación de alcance universal como parte de la cooperación internacional multilateral, al servicio de los objetivos de la UNESCO.Cameron, Christina (2008) “Evolution of the application of the Outstanding Universal Value for Cultural and Natural Heritage”, in: What is OUV? Monuments and Sites XVI, ICOMOS, Paris, pp. 71-74.Cameron, Christina and Mechtild Rössler (2013) Many voices, one vision: the early years of the World Heritage Convention, Ashgate, Farnham.Charoenwongsa, Pisit (1995) “Authenticity: does it really matter much?”, in: Knut Einar Larsen (ed.), Nara conference on authenticity - Conférence de Nara sur l’authenticité, Japan 1994, Proceedings, UNESCO World Heritage Centre/Agency for Cultural Affairs (Japan)/ICCROM/ICOMOS, Tapir Publishers, Trondheim, pp. 287-292.Coalition Internationale des Sites de Conscience (2018) L’interprétation des sites de mémoire, Étude commandée par le Centre du Patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO, UNESCO, Paris.Feilden, Bernard et Jukka Jokilehto (1993) Guide de gestion des sites du patrimoine culturel mondial, ICCROM/UNESCO/ICOMOS, Rome.Lemaire, Raymond (1993) "Authenticité et patrimoine monumental", Restauro (129): 7-24.NARA +20 (2014) NARA + 20. On heritage practices, cultural values, and the concept of authenticity.ONU (2007) Déclaration des droits des peuples indigènes, Organisation des Nations Unies, New York.Parent, Michel (1979) "Principes et critères d’inscription des biens à la Liste du Patrimoine Mondial", Rapport présenté à la troisième session du Comité du patrimoine mondial, Louxor, Egypte. UNESCO CC-79/CONF.003/11.Petzet, Michael (2008) “Introduction”, in: What is OUV? Monuments and Sites XVI, ICOMOS, Paris, pp. 7-10.Saouma-Forero, Galia (ed.) (2001) Authenticity and integrity in an African context. Expert meeting, Great Zimbabwe, 26/29 May, 2000, UNESCO, Paris.UNESCO (1993) Rapport sur la ‘Stratégie globale’ et les études thématiques pour une liste représentative du patrimoine mondial.Réunion d’experts tenue à Paris du 20 au 22 juin 1993, UNESCO, Paris. UNESCO WHC-94/CONF.003/INF.6.UNESCO (1998) Rapport sur la Stratégie globale pour les biens naturels et culturels du patrimoine mondial. Réunion d’experts tenue à Amsterdam du 22 au 27 mars 1998, UNESCO. UNESCO WHC-98/CONF.203/INF.7.UNESCO (2016) Culture urban future. Global report on culture for sustainable urban development, UNESCO, Paris
The Nara document: its achievement and its limits. Conversaciones con... Herb Stovel Num. 8 Año 5 (2019) julio-diciembre
No full textDiversity of heritage, diversity of cultures. Since the implementation of the World Heritage Convention, both data have been taken into account. The contribution of the Nara Conference and subsequent meetings have enabled all of the regions of the world to delve further into those concepts and highlight the need for a flexible application of the test of authenticity. Herb Stovel played a major role in this welcome revolution. Nevertheless, it is the adoption of the “Global strategy” in particular that opened up the World Heritage List to include additional and more diverse sites and, thus, better represent the different nations and cultures. However, both this broad extension and the relativity embraced in the test of authenticity pose problems: the identification of cultural assets, interpretation, the management of urban sites or inhabited landscapes and the reconstruction projects. To ensure the credibility of the Convention, it is important to avoid the temptation of identity withdrawals and of commercial or savage conservation practices, in order to jointly develop universal conservation principles as part of the multilateral international cooperation in compliance with UNESCO’s objectives.Cameron, Christina (2008) “Evolution of the application of the Outstanding Universal Value for Cultural and Natural Heritage”, in: What is OUV? Monuments and Sites XVI, ICOMOS, Paris, pp. 71-74.Cameron, Christina and Mechtild Rössler (2013) Many voices, one vision: the early years of the World Heritage Convention, Ashgate, Farnham.Charoenwongsa, Pisit (1995) “Authenticity: does it really matter much?”, in: Knut Einar Larsen (ed.), Nara conference on authenticity - Conférence de Nara sur l’authenticité, Japan 1994, Proceedings, UNESCO World Heritage Centre/Agency for Cultural Affairs (Japan)/ICCROM/ICOMOS, Tapir Publishers, Trondheim, pp. 287-292.Coalition Internationale des Sites de Conscience (2018) L’interprétation des sites de mémoire, Étude commandée par le Centre du Patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO, UNESCO, Paris.Feilden, Bernard et Jukka Jokilehto (1993) Guide de gestion des sites du patrimoine culturel mondial, ICCROM/UNESCO/ICOMOS, Rome.Lemaire, Raymond (1993) "Authenticité et patrimoine monumental", Restauro (129): 7-24.NARA +20 (2014) NARA + 20. On heritage practices, cultural values, and the concept of authenticity.ONU (2007) Déclaration des droits des peuples indigènes, Organisation des Nations Unies, New York.Parent, Michel (1979) "Principes et critères d’inscription des biens à la Liste du Patrimoine Mondial", Rapport présenté à la troisième session du Comité du patrimoine mondial, Louxor, Egypte. UNESCO CC-79/CONF.003/11.Petzet, Michael (2008) “Introduction”, in: What is OUV? Monuments and Sites XVI, ICOMOS, Paris, pp. 7-10.Saouma-Forero, Galia (ed.) (2001) Authenticity and integrity in an African context. Expert meeting, Great Zimbabwe, 26/29 May, 2000, UNESCO, Paris.UNESCO (1993) Rapport sur la ‘Stratégie globale’ et les études thématiques pour une liste représentative du patrimoine mondial.Réunion d’experts tenue à Paris du 20 au 22 juin 1993, UNESCO, Paris. UNESCO WHC-94/CONF.003/INF.6.UNESCO (1998) Rapport sur la Stratégie globale pour les biens naturels et culturels du patrimoine mondial. Réunion d’experts tenue à Amsterdam du 22 au 27 mars 1998, UNESCO. UNESCO WHC-98/CONF.203/INF.7.UNESCO (2016) Culture urban future. Global report on culture for sustainable urban development, UNESCO, Paris
Development of Heat Resistance Properties of Geopolymer Bricks from Fly Ash and Metakaolin by Bagasse Ash Additionการพัฒนาสมบัติการทนความร้อนของอิฐจีโอโพลิเมอร์จากเถ้าลอยและดินขาวเผาโดยการเติมเถ้าชานอ้อย
No full textงานวิจัยนี้มุ่งศึกษาการพัฒนาอิฐจีโอโพลิเมอร์จากเถ้าลอยผสมดินขาวเผาและเถ้าชานอ้อยเพื่อเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพการป้องกันความร้อน โดยศึกษาผลของการแทนที่เถ้าลอยด้วยเถ้าชานอ้อยในอัตราส่วนร้อยละ 0 10 20 และ 30 โดยน้ำหนัก ต่อคุณสมบัติทางกายภาพและเชิงกล ได้แก่ กำลังรับแรงอัด ความหนาแน่น ความพรุน การดูดซึมน้ำ ค่าสัมประสิทธิ์การนำความร้อน และความสามารถในการต้านทานความร้อนสูง ผลการวิจัยพบว่าการเพิ่มปริมาณเถ้าชานอ้อยส่งผลให้ค่าการนำความร้อนลดลงอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ โดยสูตร BA30 มีค่าการนำความร้อนลดลงมากที่สุดถึง 41.1% (0.277 W/m·K) ขณะที่กำลังรับแรงอัดมีแนวโน้มลดลงเมื่อเพิ่มปริมาณเถ้าชานอ้อย โดยที่อายุ 28 วัน สูตร BA0 BA10 BA20 และ BA30 มีค่ากำลังรับแรงอัดเฉลี่ย 14.23 13.29 8.53 และ 9.18 MPa ตามลำดับ ทั้งนี้ เมื่อพิจารณาคุณสมบัติโดยรวมพบว่าสูตร BA10 มีความเหมาะสมที่สุดโดยมีกำลังอัดสูงกว่าเกณฑ์มาตรฐาน มอก.77-2565 ถึง 32.9% ค่าการนำความร้อนลดลง 12.8% มีความทนทานต่อความร้อนสูงสุด โดยรักษากำลังไว้ได้ 18.7% ที่อุณหภูมิ 1000°C การวิเคราะห์ต้นทุนพบว่าอิฐจีโอโพลิเมอร์มีต้นทุนประมาณ 4 บาทต่อก้อน ทั้งยังมีค่าการนำความร้อนต่ำกว่าอิฐมอญและอิฐบล็อกทั่วไปกว่า 40% และสามารถทนไฟได้นานกว่า 4 ชั่วโมง แสดงถึงคุณสมบัติในการป้องกันความร้อนที่เหนือกว่าอย่างชัดเจนThis research aimed to develop geopolymer bricks using fly ash blended with metakaolin and bagasse ash to enhance thermal insulation properties. The study examined the effects of replacing fly ash with bagasse ash at proportions of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% by weight on the physical and mechanical properties, including compressive strength, density, porosity, water absorption, thermal conductivity coefficient, and high-temperature resistance. The results showed that increasing the bagasse ash content significantly reduced thermal conductivity, with the BA30 formulation achieving the greatest reduction of 41.1% (0.277 W/m·K). Meanwhile, compressive strength tended to decrease with increasing bagasse ash content. At 28 days, formulations BA0, BA10, BA20, and BA30 exhibited average compressive strengths of 14.23, 13.29, 8.53, and 9.18 MPa, respectively. Overall, the BA10 formulation was found to be optimal, with compressive strength exceeding the TIS 77-2565 standard by 32.9%, thermal conductivity reduced by 12.8%, and maximum heat resistance, retaining 18.7% of its strength at 1000°C. Cost analysis revealed that geopolymer bricks cost approximately 4 baht per unit. It also exhibited thermal conductivity values over 40% lower than those of conventional clay and concrete bricks, and withstood fire exposure for more than 4 hours, clearly demonstrating superior thermal insulation performance
The management of irregular migration in Thailand: Thainess, identity and citizenship
Get PDFThis PhD analyses and investigates, from a historical perspective, the way in which Thailand has dealt with different groups of migrant populations, and how this
reflects the current dichotomy between legal and illegal migrants in contemporary Thai policies regarding irregular migration management. It is argued that these policies reflect notions of `Thainess, ' citizenship, race and ethnicity, the question of identities and issues related to inclusion/exclusion of the migration populations
within the structure of Thai society. This thesis also examines how Thailand's policies in irregular migration management reflect the economic and political interests of the government and employers.
This thesis also focuses on the recent Greater Mekong subregional economic cooperation and integration policies, by investigating how these policies will resolve
or intensify the problems concerning the management of migrant workers, as well as other problems relating to human rights violations, and various forms of
discrimination towards the migrant population in Thailand.
The concept and construction of `Thainess' is critically analysed with the purpose of throwing light on the changes in migration management policies, and the related
regulations and practices. This analysis enables us to examine and capture how the dynamism and fluidity of `Thainess' varies through time, locality and economic
status. It also explores how notions of Thai identity influence the ways in which policies on immigration and citizenship are constructed
Lipopolysaccharide, immune activation, and liver abnormalities in HIV/hepatitis B virus (HBV)-coinfected individuals receiving HBV-active combination antiretroviral therapy
No full textWe investigated the relationship between microbial translocation, immune activation, and liver disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), soluble CD14, CXCL10, and CCL-2 levels were elevated in patients with HIV/HBV coinfection. Levels of LPS, soluble CD14, and CCL-2 declined following receipt of HBV-active combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), but the CXCL10 level remained elevated. No markers were associated with liver disease severity on liver biopsy (n = 96), but CXCL10, interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor α, and interferon γ (IFN-γ) were all associated with elevated liver enzyme levels during receipt of HBV-active cART. Stimulation of hepatocyte cell lines in vitro with IFN-γ and LPS induced a profound synergistic increase in the production of CXCL10. LPS may contribute to liver disease via stimulating persistent production of CXCL10. © The Author 2014
