198,464 research outputs found
The art of reinventing your job: A meta-synthesis of job crafting qualitative research
No full textEmployees do not passively undergo their jobs. Rather, they take steps to modify job characteristics based on their features and motivations. Job crafting (JC) has been defined as the process of “shaping the task boundaries of the job (either physically or cognitively), the relational boundaries of the job, or both” (Wrzesniewski & Dutton, 2001, p. 179) in order to achieve meaningfulness of work (Tims, Derks & Bakker, 2016) and superior performance (Berg, Wrzesniewski & Dutton, 2010). The growing interest around this topic has led to an increase of studies aiming to synthesizing JC research in order to provide a general picture of the relations between JC and a variety of individual, job characteristics, and work outcomes differences. However, the meta-analyses on the subject (Rudolph, Katz, Lavigne & Zacher, 2017; Wang, Demerouti & Bakker, 2016) are systematically excluding qualitative studies. This sounds a bit inconsistent within this field, since the origins of the JC research stream are qualitative by nature and the topic has been extensively investigated through qualitative research (Tims & Bakker, 2010). Indeed, research on JC has been primarily based on a qualitative approach and only later quantitative measures have been developed and applied (Nielsen & Abildgaard, 2012). With few exceptions, in the first ten years the vast majority of JC research has been qualitative or theoretical (Slemp & Vella-Brodrick, 2013). The qualitative approach was preferred since it was considered the best methodology in order to identify workers’ hidden attempts to craft their job (Lyons, 2008) or participate in organizational change (Petrou, Demerouti, Peeters, Schaufeli & Hetland, 2012). Indeed, qualitative approach has been seen as the best method to unravel JC behaviours (Berg, Grant & Johnson, 2010) and to build theory in this field (Dvorak, 2014). In order to close the research gap related to systematising qualitative evidence about JC, this study is based on a meta-synthesis of JC qualitative research (Hoon, 2013) whose purpose is to assist theory building about how it occurs
Lithological mapping by remote sensing using emittance information in the thermal infrared region
Get PDFThe aims of this study were to assess existing techniques, and develop new methods for extracting the geologically significant parameter spectral emittance from passive multispectral scanner data in the Thermal Infrared. Emittance cannot be extracted directly from the radiance data due to the underdetermined nature of the resultant equation set. Quantitative analysis of the Thermal Infrared data also requires the application of calibration and atmospheric correction algorithms. A calibrated and atmospherically corrected Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) scene from Halls Creek, Western Australia, was selected as a test area on which to apply the techniques. However, detailed mapping of the Halls Creek area was not an objective of this research. Existing image enhancement techniques namely the Decorrelation-Stretch and Thermal Log Residuals (TLR) as well as the alpha coefficients calculation (a simplification of the TLR method developed during this research) were applied to the TIMS data and each created useful images for delineating boundaries. A new emittance estimating technique, the Alpha Derived Emittance method, developed during this research was applied to the data for comparison with existing algorithms, the Model Emittance and Maximum Temperature methods. The Alpha Derived Emittance method utilised the Wien approximation to the Planck function and solved the underdetermined equation set by assuming the existence of a relationship between the mean and variation of emittance spectra. A Thermal Infrared spectral library was created from a representative collection of Halls Creek lithologies in order to assess the applicability of each emittance estimating method. Analysis of these spectra indicated that each of the methods were equally accurate in estimating emittance for Halls Creek lithologies. Further, each technique estimated the emittance to within 0.02 of emittance for approximately 65% of the lithologies. TIMS image statistics suggested that the Alpha Derived Emittance method most effectively separated the emittance and temperature from the radiance signal. This research indicates that the variability within samples may hinder the ability to discriminate lithologies
The process of reinventing a job: A meta–synthesis of qualitative job crafting research
Get PDFTwo different research streams are encountered in the job crafting literature. The first, defined as task, cognitive, and relational job crafting by Wrzesniewski and Dutton (2001), has predominantly applied qualitative research designs to explore how employees craft their jobs to better align them with their preferences, abilities, and motivations to enhance work meaning and identity. The second stream, characterized by crafting job demands and job resources (Tims & Bakker, 2010), focuses mostly on quantitative research designs and examines the antecedents of job crafting and whether those antecedents are related to work-related well-being and performance. Although the quantitative studies have recently been meta-analyzed (Lichtenthaler & Fischbach, 2018; Rudolph, Katz, Lavigne, & Zacher, 2017), the knowledge that is captured in the qualitative studies has not been formally integrated. We contribute to a better understanding of job crafting by conducting a meta–synthesis of the qualitative research. Analyzing 24 qualitative studies, we developed a process model of job crafting that enhances an in-depth understanding of the processes associated with job crafting. More specifically, we highlight the motives for job crafting (i.e., proactive or reactive) and how the specific context may influence the form of job crafting in which individuals engage. Next, the process model shows that personal factors connect job crafting forms to the experienced job crafting consequences. The process model enables a better understanding of the conditions under which job crafting is most likely to generate positive or negative experiences
Evaluation of a Commercial TIMS-Q-TOF Platform for Native Mass Spectrometry
No full textMass-spectrometry based assays in structural biology studies measure either intact or digested proteins. Typically, different mass spectrometers are dedicated for such measurements: those optimized for rapid analysis of peptides or those designed for high molecular weight analysis. A commercial trapped ion mobility-quadrupole-time of flight (TIMS-Q-TOF) platform is widely utilized for proteomics and metabolomics, with ion mobility providing a separation dimension in addition to liquid chromatography. The ability to perform high-quality native mass spectrometry of protein complexes, however, remains largely uninvestigated. Here, we evaluate a commercial TIMS-Q-TOF platform for analyzing non-covalent protein complexes by utilizing the instrument’s full range of ion mobility, MS, and MS/MS (both in-source activation and collision cell CID) capabilities. The TIMS analyzer is able to be tuned gently to yield collision cross sections on native-like complexes comparable to those previously reported on various instrument platforms. In-source activation and collision cell CID were robust for both small and large complexes. TIMS-CID was performed on protein complexes streptavidin (53 kDa), avidin (68 kDa), and cholera toxin B (CTB, 58 kDa). Complexes pyruvate kinase (237 kDa) and GroEL (801 kDa) were beyond the trapping capabilities of the commercial TIMS analyzer, but mass spectra could be acquired. The presented results indicate that the commercial TIMS-Q-TOF platform can be used for both omics and native mass spectrometry applications; however, modifications to the commercial RF drivers for both the TIMS analyzer and quadrupole (currently limited to m/z 3,000) are necessary to mobility analyze protein complexes greater than about 60 kDa
An evaluation of NS-001 and TIMS data for lithological mapping and mineral exploration in weathered vegetated terrain
Get PDFThis thesis evaluates the combined use of multispectral remotely sensed data from the 0.45-2.35µm and 8µm-12µm wavelength regions for lithological mapping and mineral exploration in weathered, vegetated terrain. The area studied is located in N. E. Queensland, Australia, and consists of a mixture of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. The extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks of acid to intermediate composition are currently the focus of active exploration for gold mineralisation. The results from this study indicate data from the 0.45-2.35µm wavelength region are of more use for mineral exploration than data from the 8-12µm wavelength region in this terrain. Evaluation of data from the 0.45-2.35µm wavelength region resulted in the discovery of an area of epithermal alteration with potential for gold mineralisation at Blackfellow Mountain. Data from both wavelength regions proved useful for litholgical mapping but certain lithological units could only be discriminated with the data from the 8-12µm wavelength region. In order to obtain these results the data were reduced to physically meaningful parameters (reflectance, temperature and emittance). This necessitated the removal of radiometric and geometric distortions. The techniques used to remove these distortions are outlined, including two new methods for the removal of atmospheric effects from data from the 8-12µm wavelength region. After correction, the data from the 0.45-2.35µm wavelength region were analysed by a variety of techniques to extract the relevant reflectance information. These included compositing, channel ratios, log residuals, directed principal components and least squares fit residuals (LRES). The log residual and LRES techniques proved most effective for lithological mapping and mineral exploration respectively. The corrected data from the 8-12µm wavelength region were also analysed by several techniques for extracting emittance and temperature information. These techniques were the decorrelation stretch, model emittance calculation and thermal log residuals. The latter technique, developed during this study, proved most effective for lithological mapping
TIMS observations of surface emissivity in HAPEX-Sahel
Get PDFThe Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) was flown on the NASA C-130 aircraft for a series of 12 flights during HAPEX-Sahel at altitudes ranging from 0.25 to 6 km (0.6 to 15 m resolution). TIMS provides coverage of the 8 to 12 micrometer thermal infrared band in 6 contiguous channels. Thus it is possible to observe the spectral behavior of the surface emissivity over this wavelength interval
Applications of TIMS data in agricultural areas and related atmospheric considerations
Get PDFWhile much of traditional remote sensing in agricultural research was limited to the visible and reflective infrared, advances in thermal infrared remote sensing technology are adding a dimension to digital image analysis of agricultural areas. The Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) an airborne sensor having six bands over the nominal 8.2 to 12.2 m range, offers the ability to calculate land surface emissivities unlike most previous singular broadband sensors. Preliminary findings on the utility of the TIMS for several agricultural applications and related atmospheric considerations are discussed
Airborne Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) images over disseminated gold deposits, Osgood Mountains, Humboldt County, Nevada
Get PDFThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) acquired airborne Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) images over several disseminated gold deposits in northern Nevada in 1983. The aerial surveys were flown to determine whether TIMS data could depict jasperoids (siliceous replacement bodies) associated with the gold deposits. The TIMS data were collected over the Pinson and Getchell Mines in the Osgood Mountains, the Carlin, Maggie Creek, Bootstrap, and other mines in the Tuscarora Mountains, and the Jerritt Canyon Mine in the Independence Mountains. The TIMS data seem to be a useful supplement to conventional geochemical exploration for disseminated gold deposits in the western United States. Siliceous outcrops are readily separable in the TIMS image from other types of host rocks. Different forms of silicification are not readily separable, yet, due to limitations of spatial resolution and spectral dynamic range. Features associated with the disseminated gold deposits, such as the large intrusive bodies and fault structures, are also resolvable on TIMS data. Inclusion of high-resolution thermal inertia data would be a useful supplement to the TIMS data
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