1,721,309 research outputs found
Time for Medicine and Public Health to Leave Platform X [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textFor more than 50 years, digital technologies have been employed for the creation and distribution of knowledge in health services. In the last decade, digital social media have been developed for applications in clinical decision support and population health monitoring. Recently, these technologies have also been used for knowledge translation, such as in the process where research findings created in academic settings are established as evidence and distributed for use in clinical practice, policy making, and health self-management. To date, it has been common for medical and public health institutions to have social media accounts for the dissemination of novel research findings and to facilitate conversations about these findings. However, recent events such as the transformation of the microblog Twitter to platform X have brought to light the need for the social media industry to exploit user data to generate revenue. In this viewpoint, it is argued that a redirection of social media use is required in the translation of knowledge to action in the fields of medicine and public health. A new kind of social internet is currently forming, known as the "fediverse," which denotes an ensemble of open social media that can communicate with each other while remaining independent platforms. In several countries, government institutions, universities, and newspapers use open social media to distribute information and enable discussions. These organizations control their own channels while being able to communicate with other platforms through open standards. Examples of medical knowledge translation via such open social media platforms, where users are less exposed to disinformation than in general platforms, are also beginning to appear. The current status of the social media industry calls for a broad discussion about the use of social technologies by health institutions involving researchers and health service practitioners, academic leaders, scientific publishers, social technology providers, policy makers, and the public. This debate should not primarily take place on social media platforms but rather at universities, in scientific journals, at public seminars, and other venues, allowing for the transparent and undisturbed communication and formation of opinions.</p
The "enshittification" of online information services obligates rigorous management of scientific journals
No full textThe patient and the primary care team : a small-scale critical theory
No full textFor increasing the understanding of team-based delivery of primary care, ratings of care satisfaction and stimulated-recall interviews were used to compose a small-scale critical theory. Three teams and 24 patients at a community health care centre participated in the study. It was found that the multiprofessional team was vulnerable to discrepancies between the health service policy and the available care resources. If pre-paid patients arrive with too high expectations and demands on the service, a significant part of the team's attention is used for economizing with care procedures. When health and economics are entangled for the team, the patients are not invited to share decisions about their health. The patients' concerns are instead turned to the social arena, which is separated by language and context from the health analysis. Simultaneously, when the teams are led to solve the health problems without involving the patients in the process, the team members convert these to their own personal distress when they fail. The conclusion is that the discrepancy between care policy and factual resources is an important cause of imbalance in patient-primary care team interaction. If service strategy and team organization and resources are not continuously adjusted to each other, the effects will continue to obstruct communication during consultations.</p
Temaledare: lnformationstekniken och folkhemmet
No full textMånga historiker menar att en av de främsta förebilderna för modernt hälsoarbete var ombyggnaden av Londons vattenförsörjning och fysiska infrastruktur i samband med industrisamhällets uppbyggnad under 1800- talet. Erfarenheterna ledde efter hand fram till formuleringen av "The Public Health Act" i England 1848. Trots detta i dras Sverige över 150 år senare i flera utredningar slutsatsen att det saknas bevis för nyttan av samhälleliga insatser för att förebygga sjukdom och ohälsa. Kanske har betydelsen av underliggande strukturer underskattats. Under det senaste decenniet har samhällets infrastrukur utökats genom avancerad elektronisk kommunikation och andra typer av individnära datortekniker (Timpka 2000). Modern informationsteknik (IT) i form av datornät och distribuerad teknik för insamling av hälsodata ger därför idag nya möjligheter att genomföra och påvisa resultat från folkhälsoarbete. Det är inget som motsäger att anpassning av IT i syfte att befrämja folkhälsan skulle kunna betyda lika mycket i ett befolkningsperspektiv som anpassningen av den fysiska infrastrukturen i slutet av förra seklet
Design of computer-based decision support for general practitioners
No full textMost computer-based decision support systems (DSSs) in medicine have been developed in hospital settings, intended for use in hospitals. In this study, a DSS for general practitioners (GPs) in primary care is designed, taking into consideration that primary care is the first level in a health care organization. Female genitourinary (GU) infections is chosen as prototype area for the study of decisionmaking. There are three primary data sources used for this study: 1. Decision protocols were obtained from 11 GPs after 139 GU consultations. A decision certainty estimate and an estimate by the GP of the patient's desire to go through GU work-up was included. 2. A nine-physician panel evaluated 63 of these protocols. Individually, the panel completed a similar decision protncol without access to the GP's decisions. 3. Questionnaires were responded to by 186 primary care physicians regarding information needs and attitudes towards computer support. The critical incident technique is used to identify information dilemmas. Discriminant analysis is used to identify dati items used by the GPs to differentiate between decision alternatives. The kappa coefficient is used as measure of inter-physician decision variability in the panel. From a theoretical review, a model is establisbed,of which knowledge types the GP uses and the forms in which this knowledge is used in daily practice:Not all types of knowledge relevant to the GP are available in forms amenable to computer manipulation. Doctor-patient communication skills are, for instance, tacit and acquired through professional experience. The main empirical results of this study are that: I. The GPs rely heavily on laboratory data in their decisions. However, they fail to use negative evidence. Orthogonal patient desire is a major source of uncertainty. 2. The urethritis diagnosis is used inconsistently. 3. There are considerable differences between individual physicians in their use of medical concepts. In one case out of four, no consensus diagnosis is available at all. 4. Dilemmas in general inte'rnal medicine are the most prevalent medicaldilemmas for the GP, and support for drug prescription and access to full-text databases are the computer applications most desired. A design of the DSS is described, which consists of five integrated components: a hypertext module, a critiquing program for support of drug prescriptions, diagnosis support of reconsider type, an interface to computer-based library and communication resources, and a central database. The design is implemented in experimental form. Organizational changes to facilitate decision-making and a theoretical model of the GP's information use arc discussed.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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