4,437 research outputs found
Bit by Bit: How to Realistically Simulate a Crypto-Exchange
No full textA market simulator is an environment which allows its users to participate in a synthetic market to test and hypothesise new strategies. Creating a simulator which can replicate the market dynamics accurately is challenging, due to the various knock-on effects of a participant’s action in a live market setting. In this paper, we present a multi-agent simulation capable of effectively representing a cryptocurrency exchange, by populating a high-fidelity market simulator with a set of low intelligence agents to represent distinct types of market participants. By fine tuning the ratios and the hyperparameters of these agents against empirical findings from the cryptocurrency market, we present a simulation with the ability to closely mimic expected market behaviour
Erratum: 3D bioprinted in vitro secondary hyperoxaluria model by mimicking intestinal-oxalatemalabsorption-related kidney stone disease (Applied Physics Reviews (2022) 9 (041408) DOI: 10.1063/5.0087345)
No full text© 2023 Author(s).This article was originally published online on 21 November 2022 with an incorrect affiliation identifier for author Dong-Woo Cho. It is correct as it appears above. All online versions of this article were corrected on 23 November 2022. AIP Publishing apologizes for this error.11Nsciescopu
CHO-K1, COS7, and HEK293 cells express PAR1 and PAR2 receptors.
No full textA. CHO-K1, COS7, and HEK293 cells naturally express high levels of PAR1 and PAR2 mRNA but express little or no PAR3 and PAR4 mRNA. qPCR analysis was used to quantify the mRNA expression. Specific primers for each of PAR1, PAR2, PAR3, and PAR4, were used to quantify the respective mRNA expression using cDNA made from each cell line as the templates. β-actin primers were used to quantify β-actin mRNA expression as the internal controls. The relative mRNA expression of PAR1, PAR2, PAR3, and PAR4 were first normalized using β-actin expression, and then normalized using the PAR1 expression level in CHO-K1 cells, which is arbitrarily set as 100%. The relative expressions of other genes are represented as percentage of PAR1 mRNA level in CHO-K1 cells. The results shown are mean ± sd (n = 3). Statistical analysis (One-Way ANOVA) shows that compared with the mRNA expression of PAR4, which is undetectable in these cells, CHO cells express high levels of mRNAs for PAR1 (** p = 0.0037), PAR2 (* p = 0.023), and PAR3 (* p = 0.035); COS7 and HEK293 cells express high level of mRNAs for PAR1 (** p = 0.0029, * p = 0.032, respectively) and PAR2 (** p = 0.0013, ** p = 0.0027, respectively) without expressing detectable PAR3 and PAR4 mRNAs. B, C, D. CHO-K1, COS7, and HEK293 cells naturally express PAR1 and PAR2 receptors and respond to thrombin (PAR1 ligand) and trypsin (PAR2 ligand) stimulations. FLIPR assays were used measure receptor activation as indicated by intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Relative fluorescent units (RFU) are the readout for fluorescent intensities for Ca2+ mobilization signals. Various concentration of thrombin or trypsin were used as the ligands to activation the receptors. The assays were performed in triplicates at each data point and mean ± sd are shown. E. Sequencing analysis of the genomic DNA from par1 & par2 knock out HEK293 cells. The results show that a 270 bp deletion in par1 gene and a 347 bp deletion in par2 gene have been achieved. The deletions removed the coding regions from TM2 to TM3 for both PAR1 and PAR2 proteins. The vertical lines indicate the deletion sites. F. Characterization of par1 & par2 knock-out HEK293 cells. FLIPR assays were used to characterize receptor activation as indicated. Wild type HEK293 cells were used as the positive control. The assays were performed in triplicates at each data point and mean ± sd are shown.</p
Unimodality of Betti numbers for Hamiltonian circle actions with index-increasing moment Maps
No full textThe unimodality conjecture posed by Tolman in [L. Jeffrey, T. Holm, Y. Karshon, E. Lerman and E. Meinrenken, Moment maps in various geometries, http://www.birs.ca/workshops/2005/05w5072/report05w5072.pdf] states that if (M,ω) is a 2n-dimensional smooth compact symplectic manifold equipped with a Hamiltonian circle action with only isolated fixed points, then the sequence of Betti numbers {b0(M),b2(M),...,b2n(M)} is unimodal, i.e. bi(M) ≤ bi+2(M) for every i < n. Recently, the author and Kim [Y. Cho and M. Kim, Unimodality of the Betti numbers for Hamiltonian circle action with isolated fixed points, Math. Res. Lett. 21(4) (2014) 691-696] proved that the unimodality holds in eight-dimensional case by using equivariant cohomology theory. In this paper, we generalize the idea in [Y. Cho and M. Kim, Unimodality of the Betti numbers for Hamiltonian circle action with isolated fixed points, Math. Res. Lett. 21(4) (2014) 691-696] to an arbitrary dimensional case. We prove the conjecture in arbitrary dimension under the assumption that the moment map H : M → R is index-increasing, which means that ind(p) < ind(q) implies H(p) < H(q) for every pair of critical points p and q of H, where ind(p) is the Morse index of p with respect to H. © World Scientific Publishing Company1111sciescopu
Systems biology for reverse aging
No full textCellular senescence is an irreversible and permanent cell cycle arrest in response to internal and external stresses. Its unresponsiveness to growth factor signals distinguishes it from a potentially reversible state, quiescence. Cellular senescence can inhibit tumor development by blocking proliferation of damaged cells, but as senescent cells become accumulated in a tissue, they can contribute to the promotion of agerelated diseases such as cancer by secreting inflammatory cytokines [1]. © 2021 Cho et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
The antihypertensive effects of the Jamaican Cho-Cho (Sechium edule)
No full textThe experiments reported in this study constitute a preliminary investigation into the possible hypotensive effect of the Jamaican Cho-Cho (Sechium edule). Experiments were conducted in a random and blind fashion on two sub species of Sechium edule. Both the pulp and the peel were examined for hypotensive activity. Water-soluble extracts were prepared from these components of the fruit and injected into anaesthetised rats. Various cardiovascular parameters were measured including heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and several ECG intervals. We report that all extracts tested produced a fall in blood pressure with little change in ECG intervals. Extract B produced the least change in heart rate with a fall in MAP of approximately 23 mmHg. Changes in heart rate with all extracts appeared to be minimal as an ED25 value could only be determined for extract A, and ED10 values could not be evaluated for extracts C and D. The mechanism(s) by which these extracts produce their hypotensive effects could not be determined in these preliminary experiments. However, it appears not to involve direct effects on cardiac tissue. This conclusion is based on the finding that it took a minimum of 10 to 15 seconds for the hypotensive action to manifest post bolus. Future experiments will be aimed at delineating the mechanism(s) involved in decreasing MAP.Peer reviewedfinal article publishe
Nota su Eschilo, Cho. 65
No full textThe author defends the reading ἄκραντος in the sense of “unfinished” in Aesch. Cho. 65
An ‘omics approach towards CHO cell engineering
No full textBiotechnology and Bioengineering, 110, 1255–1271Note : if this item contains full text it may be a preprint, author manuscript, or a Gold OA copy that permits redistribution with a license such as CC BY. The final version is available through the publisher’s platform.Chinese hamster ovarian cells (CHO) cells have been extensively utilized for industrial production of biopharmaceutical products, such as monoclonal antibodies, human growth hormones, cytokines, and blood-products. Recent advances in recombinant DNA technology have resulted in the bioengineering of CHO cells that have robust gene amplification systems and can also be adapted to grow in suspension cultures. In parallel, recent advances in techniques and tools for decoding the CHO cell genome, transcriptome, proteome, and glycome have led to new areas of study for better understanding the metabolic pathways in CHO cells with the long-term goal of developing new biologics. This review paper discusses the recent advances in bioengineering strategies in CHO cell lines and the impact of the knowledge gained by CHO cell genomics, transcriptomics, and glycomics on the future of CHO-cell engineering.National Institute of General Medical Scienceshttps://login.libproxy.rpi.edu/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.2484
Considering spurious timeout in proxy for improving TCP performance in wireless networks
No full textIn this paper, we introduce a new proxy that effectively prevents unnecessary retransmissions of Transmission Control Protocol data segments from flowing over a wireless link on a path with sudden delay. The proposed Spurious Timeout Detection (STD) algorithm detects spurious timeout based on the data and acknowledge sequence number. It responses to spurious timeout by filtering unnecessary data transmissions that can cause spurious fast retransmission. Simulation result shows that proposed STD algorithm performs better than, or as well as, other end-to-end mechanisms in a certain range of data rate. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Intracellular trehalose via transporter TRET1 as a method to cryoprotect CHO-K1 cells
No full textTrehalose is a promising natural cryoprotectant, but its cryoprotective effect is limited due to difficulties in transmembrane transport. Thus, expressing the trehalose transporter TRET1 on various mammalian cells may yield more trehalose applications. In this study, we ran comparative cryopreservation experiments between the TRET1-expressing CHO-K1 cells (CHO-TRET1) and the CHO-K1 cells transfected with an empty vector (CHO-vector). The experiments involve freezing under various trehalose concentrations in an extracellular medium. The freeze-thawing viabilities of CHO-TRET1 cells are higher than those of CHO-vector cells for most freezing conditions. This result differs from control experiments with a transmembrane type cryoprotectant, dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO), which had similar viabilities in each condition for both cell types. We conclude that the trehalose loaded into the cells with TRET1 significantly improves the cryoprotective effect. The higher viabilities occurred when the extracellular trehalose concentration exceeded 200 mM, with 250-500 mM being optimal, and a cooling rate below 30 K/min, with 5-20 K/min being optimal
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