1,721,176 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Evaluation der modifizierten strukturierten Notrufabfrage bei akutem Thoraxschmerz im Rahmen des Projekts „Telemedizin im Rettungsdienst in Mittelhessen“
No full textHINTERGRUND
Im deutschen Rettungsdienstsystem lässt sich in den vergangenen Jahren ein zunehmender Personalmangel bei steigenden Einsatzzahlen beobachten. Um auch zukünftig ausreichend notärztlich besetzte Rettungsmittel für kritische Not-fälle vorhalten zu können, müssen nicht dringend indizierte Notarzteinsätze re-duziert werden. Um dies zu erreichen, wurde von der „Arbeitsgemeinschaft Tele-medizin im Rettungsdienst Mittelhessen“ eine modifizierte standardisierte Notruf-abfrage „Brustschmerz“ vorgestellt, die das häufige Meldebild „Akutes Koronar-syndrom“ bereits durch die Leitstelle in stabile (ACS 1) und vital bedrohte Pati-ent*innen (ACS 2) einteilen soll. Bei ausreichender Sicherheit dieser Abfrage könnten die stabilen Patient*innen von Rettungsfachpersonal mit telenotärztli-cher Unterstützung versorgt werden und die knappen notärztlichen Ressourcen stünden für kritische Einsätze zur Verfügung. Diese Studie evaluiert die modifi-zierte standardisierte Notrufabfrage „Brustschmerz“ aus der Zentralen Leitstelle des Landkreises Marburg-Biedenkopf hinsichtlich ihrer Präzision in der Einteilung von Patient*innen mit Akutem Koronarsyndrom in stabil vs. kritisch im Vergleich mit dem präklinischen Erscheinungsbild.
METHODEN
Im Zeitraum von Januar bis August 2021 wurden Daten von Rettungsdienstein-sätzen im Landkreis Marburg-Biedenkopf mit dem Meldebild „Akutes Koronar-syndrom“ erhoben, die zuvor von der Leitstelle anhand der modifizierten standar-disierten Notrufabfrage „Brustschmerz“ in die Gruppen ACS 1 (= stabil) und ACS 2 (= kritisch) klassifiziert wurden. Beide Gruppen wurden hinsichtlich Altersstruk-tur, Geschlechterverteilung und Vitalparametern verglichen. Der präklinische Zu-stand wurde mittels eines für die Studie entwickelten Scoresystems auf einer Skala von 0 - 20 Punkten eingeschätzt und ein Cut-Off-Wert für einen kritischen Zustand auf ≥3 festgelegt. Sensitivität und Spezifität der Notrufabfrage wurden im Vergleich zur Einteilung durch den Score ausgewertet.
ERGEBNISSE
Von insgesamt 635 Fällen mit dem Meldebild „ACS“ konnten 595 Datensätze ausgewertet werden (93,7%). Die Gruppe ACS 1 war mit n=101 Personen deut-lich kleiner als die Gruppe ACS 2 (n=494). Im Vergleich von Altersstruktur und Geschlechterverteilung zwischen den beiden Gruppen konnten keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede festgestellt werden, ebenso in den Durchschnittswer-ten der erhobenen Vitalparameter. In 88% der Fälle wurden vital bedrohte Pati-ent*innen auch als solche erkannt (Sensitivität), die Spezifität der Notrufabfrage lag hingegen bei 18,7%.
DISKUSSION
In der hier vorgestellten Studie wurde erstmals eine modifizierte standardisierte Notrufabfrage zum Meldebild „Akutes Koronarsyndrom“ evaluiert und hinsichtlich einer Voraussage des präklinischen Zustandes der Patient*innen ausgewertet. Mit 17% der Einsätze, die als stabil (ACS 1) zugeordnet wurden, könnte nach Implementierung eines Telenotarztsystems etwa jeder sechste Notarzteinsatz zu diesem Meldebild zugunsten von kritischeren Einsätzen vermieden werden. Die Sensitivität von 88% und Spezifität von 18,7% sprechen für eine Notrufabfrage, die auf eine möglichst hohe Patient*innensicherheit ausgelegt ist und nicht auf diagnostische Genauigkeit. Limitierend für die Aussagekraft dieser Studie ist das relativ kleine Patient*innenkollektiv und die ausschließliche Anwendung in einem Landkreis. Um die Ergebnisse dieser Studie zu bestätigen, sind weitere Studien mit einem größeren Studienkollektiv und dem Einschluss mehrerer Landkreise mit unterschiedlicher demographischer Struktur notwendig.
In der Literatur gibt es bisher nur vereinzelt Auswertungen von standardisierten Notrufabfragen, auch weil diese in deutschen Leitstellen bisher nicht ubiquitär eingesetzt werden. Notrufabfragen, die eine Differenzierung in der medizinischen Notwendigkeit von Notarzteinsätzen ermöglichen, wurden bisher nicht unter-sucht. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit sind ein erster Beitrag in der Neuausrichtung von Rettungsdienstabläufen und einer notwendigen Umstrukturierung in der Ver-teilung von zunehmend knappen notärztlichen Ressourcen. Weitere Studien müssen zeigen, ob sich dieser Ansatz auch auf andere Landkreise und weitere Meldebilder übertragen lässt. Offen bleibt auch, inwiefern die Spezifität und damit die Effektivität einer solchen Abfrage erhöht werden kann, ohne die Patient*in-nensicherheit zu gefährden.Background
The German emergency medical services face an increasing physician shortage while the demand for time-critical emergency medical care is constantly rising. In order to guarantee a safe and quick distribution of emergency physicians to criti-cal ill patients, medically unnecessary missions must be reduced to prevent a lack of emergency care. As a first approach, a modified dispatch algorithm for acute chest pain has been put in place in the emergency medical services of the central Hesse region. In a second step, paramedic-staffed ambulances with phy-sician-based telemedical support could be dispatched to stable cases of patients with acute coronary syndrome, if the algorithm proves to be safe in the distinction between stable and critical cases. The goal of this study is to evaluate whether the modified dispatch algorithm for acute chest pain could predict, if the patient would be in a stable or critical condition in prehospital care.
Method
Between January and August 2021, data of 595 cases of patients with acute cor-onary syndrome has been collected. These cases have been categorized by the medical dispatch centre with the “modified dispatch algorithm for acute chest pain” into the groups ACS 1=stable condition and ACS 2=critical condition. Both groups have been analysed regarding age, sex and average vital parameters. The prehospital condition was evaluated by a score that has been developed for this study, with a scale from 0 to 20 and a cut-off at ≥3 for critical condition. Sen-sitivity and specificity of the modified dispatch algorithm have been calculated in relation to the score.
Results
Out of 635 cases of dispatched acute coronary syndromes, 595 data records have been analysed (93,7%). The group ACS 1 = stable was significantly smaller (n=101) than the group ACS 2 = critical (n=494). Both groups showed no statis-tically significant differences regarding age, sex or average vital parameters. In 88% of the recorded cases, critical ill patients were recognized as such, while the specificity of the dispatch algorithm was only at 18.7%.
Discussion & Conclusion
This study evaluated for the first time a modified dispatch algorithm for acute chest pain towards the precision in predicting a critical condition in prehospital care. With 17% of the missions that were safely assigned as stable, almost every fifth emergency physician mission to these kinds of cases could be avoided in favour of more critical missions after the full implementation of a telemedical sys-tem in prehospital emergency medicine. The sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 18,7% verify a dispatch algorithm that was designed for the highest possible pa-tient safety instead of diagnostic accuracy. The relatively small patient collective and the exclusive application in only one administrative district are limiting for the meaningfulness of this study. In order to confirm the results, further studies with a larger study collective and the inclusion of several districts with different demo-graphic structures are necessary. So far, there have only been few evaluations of standardized dispatch algorithms in the literature, mostly because they have not yet been used comprehensively in german dispatch centres. Standardized dispatch algorithms that allow differentiation of the medical necessity of emer-gency medical services have not yet been fully evaluated.
The results of this work are a first contribution to the realignment of rescue service processes and a necessary restructuring in the distribution of scarce emergency staff resources. Further studies must show whether this approach can also be transferred to other administrative districts and other emergency cases. It also remains to be seen to what extent the specificity and thus the effectiveness of such a dispatch algorithm can be increased without endangering patient safety
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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