196,423 research outputs found
Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda timar sisteminin kaldırılması
No full textThe Tiraar System, Which began to be dissolved as a result o-f domestic and -foreign dynamics dating -From the second hai-F o-f 16 th century, has continued to survive by loosing i ts mili tary and admi nistrative -functions u.nt i 1 i the 19 th century. As -for in 19 th century, the T i mar System was o-F-Ficialy abolished as a result o-f precautions and implications intent i ng its Liquidation in June 7 th 1844» However, the Liquidation o-f this institution in practice has been completed in a long term process. Because the substitute payment (beds- 1 ödemesi) has been ccfliinued to the last decad es o-f 19 th century» This also shows that the - liquidation o-f Timar system, at least in econo mic dimension, has continued -for a long time»16. yy' in ikinci yarısından itibaren bozulmaya başlayan Timar Sistemi, dönemin iç ve dış dinamiklerinin etkisiyle, askeri ve idari işlevlerini kaydederek 19. yy' a kadar varlığını sürdürmüştür. 19. yy' da ise Timar Sistemi'nin tasfiyesini amaçlayan önlem ve uygulamalar sonucunda, 7 Haziran 1844 tarihinde resmen kaldırılmıştır. Ancak, bu kurumun fiilen tasfiyesi uzun bir süreç sonucunda tamamlanmıştır. Çünkü 19. yy' m son dönemlerine kadar timar sahiplerine bedel ödenmesine devam edilmiştir. Bu da Timar Sistemi'nin en azından ekonomik açıdan tasfiyesinin uzun müddet devam ettiğini göstermektedir
Reconstruction of historical geodetic systems for their implementation in reprojection algorithms
No full textHistorical cartography is an important source of geographic information for diachronic studies. The Italian geodetic datum from the second half of the 20th century are well known and used, while the reference systems used previously do not have a certain documentation also because they were developed by the military geographical institute, which at the time was a uniquely military body with the related problems of confidentiality.The reconstruction of the datum of each single historical map is a fundamental process, in order to be able to correctly compare historical information with the current ones, but it is complex because of the scarce information available on the type of datum and cartographic projection used for the production of the map.The reconstruction of the ancient morphology of an area, such as that of 1893 Forma urbis map or the pre-reclamation maps of Agro Pontino, is of fundamental importance for various studies on geomorphological changes of the territory, including, for example, the reconstruction of diverted and/or covered watercourses.Many of the Italian historical maps have been referred to the ellipsoid of Bessel with different orientations that in many cases are the same used previously or simultaneously for public purposes including, in particular, the drafting of the cadastral cartography.
Collective excitations in the superdeformed well
No full textCollective excitations are commonplace features in nuclei at normal deformation. It has been suggested that both in the A\sim 190 and 150 superdeformed (SD) nuclei, collective vibrational states might occur in the same excitation energy range as quasi-particle and single-particle excitations. In particular, the large deformation associated with SD nuclei brings together orbitals from many spherical shells and leads to the close proximity of states with opposite parity, favouring octupole shape vibrations. However, to date, \sim 200 SD bands have been reported in more than 50 nuclei and in most cases, the excited SD bands have been interpreted as single or quasi-particle excitations. Only in very few cases, has the collective excitation scenario been suggested. Where are the collective states in SD nuclei? The question is particularly relevant in even--even A=190 nuclei in which SD states are observed at lower rotational frequency and hence the additional influence of the pair gap makes the collective excitations more competitive with quasi-particle excitations.F. Hannachi, A. Korichi, A.N. Wilson, A. Lopez-Martens, M. Rejmund, C. Schueck, Ch. Vieu, G. Chmel, A. Goergen, H. Huebel, D. Rossbach, S. Schoenwasser, M. Bergstroem, B.M. Nyako, J. Timar, D. Bazzacco, S. Lunardi, C. Rossi-Alvarez, P. Bednarczyk, N. Kintz, S. Naguleswaran, A. Astier, D.M. Cullen, J.F. Sharpey-Schafer, T. Lauritsen, R. Wadsworthhttp://th-www.if.uj.edu.pl/acta/vol32/abs/v32p1083.ht
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States" By M. Carey.
No full text"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States: containing bried sketches of the moral and political character of those states.
By M. Carey, member of the American philosophical, and of the American Antiquarian Society, and author of The Olive Branch, Cindiciae Hibernicae, essays on banking, on political economy, and on internal improvement.
To which are now added the English editor's comments on the subject; together with Important Advice to Emigrants, and Cautions Against Impositions Practiced in the Outports
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Dr. Glendon Swarthout
No full textHosted by Roger M. Busfield, MSU Assistant Professor of Speech and Theater, Meet the Author is designed to introduce a general audience to a contemporary author and their work through in-depth interviews. This episode features a conversation between Dr. Glendon Swarthout, prolific author and English professor at MSU, and assistant professors Sam S. Baskett and Theodore B. Strandness
Physiological response of freshwater crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus exposed to polyethylene microplastics at different temperature
No full textNot long after plastic-made material became an inseparable part of our lives, microplastics (MPs) found their way into ecosystems. Aquatic organisms are one of the groups impacted by man-made materials and plastics; however, the varied effects of MPs on these organisms have yet to be fully understood. Therefore, to clarify this issue, 288 freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) were assigned to eight experimental groups (2 × 4 factorial design) and exposed to 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) per kg of food at 17 and 22 °C for 30 days. Then samples were taken from hemolymph and hepatopancreas to measure biochemical parameters, hematology, and oxidative stress. The aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and catalase activities increased significantly in crayfish exposed to PE-MPs, while the phenoxy-peroxidase, gamma-glutamyl peptidase, and lysozyme activities decreased. Glucose and malondialdehyde levels in crayfish exposed to PE-MPs were significantly higher than in the control groups. However, triglyceride, cholesterol, and total protein levels decreased significantly. The results showed that the increase in temperature significantly affected the activity of hemolymph enzymes, glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol contents. The semi-granular cells, hyaline cells, granular cell percentages, and total hemocytes increased significantly with the PE-MPs exposure. Temperature also had a significant effect on the hematological indicators. Overall, the results showed that temperature variations could synergistically affect the changes induced by PE-MPs in biochemical parameters, immunity, oxidative stress, and the number of hemocytes
Simulation of thermal plant optimization and hydraulic aspects of thermal distribution loops for large campuses
No full textFollowing an introduction, the author describes Texas A&M University and its utilities system. After that, the author presents how to construct simulation models for chilled water and heating hot water distribution systems. The simulation model was used in a $2.3 million Ross Street chilled water pipe replacement project at Texas A&M University. A second project conducted at the University of Texas at San Antonio was used as an example to demonstrate how to identify and design an optimal distribution system by using a simulation model. The author found that the minor losses of these closed loop thermal distribution systems are significantly higher than potable water distribution systems. In the second part of the report, the author presents the latest development of software called the Plant Optimization Program, which can simulate cogeneration plant operation, estimate its operation cost and provide optimized operation suggestions. The author also developed detailed simulation models for a gas turbine and heat recovery steam generator and identified significant potential savings. Finally, the author also used a steam turbine as an example to present a multi-regression method on constructing simulation models by using basic statistics and optimization algorithms. This report presents a survey of the author??s working experience at the Energy Systems Laboratory (ESL) at Texas A&M University during the period of January 2002 through March 2004. The purpose of the above work was to allow the author to become familiar with the practice of engineering. The result is that the author knows how to complete a project from start to finish and understands how both technical and nontechnical aspects of a project need to be considered in order to ensure a quality deliverable and bring a project to successful completion. This report concludes that the objectives of the internship were successfully accomplished and that the requirements for the degree of Degree of Engineering have been satisfied
GÖYNÜK'E ( BOLU ) AİT BAZI GELİR KAYNAKLARI VE İDARESİ : TIMAR, ZEAMETV'E MUKA TAAIAR (H. 115 4 -130 7 /M. 1741-1889)
No full textThe incomes of timar, zeamet and mukataa in Göynük, Bolu were granted to the iltizam for a period of one year mostly. Among the mukataas in Göynük are mukataas for coffee and sheep, the Mihal Bey Mukataa, Göynük and tevabii mukataa and Etmekçibaşı Ocas mukataa. The sources of income in Göynük were managed by the tax collectors (mültezim). Among them the tax of sheep and etmekçi hassı mukataas were trasformed to be the state land held by a private owner (malikane). The registers kept by qadis provide information on both the subject of malikane, as well as the conflicts among them. Some of the income sources documented by Timar, Zeamet and mukataas were the fines called cerime and tax items taken from basic needs of obligatory consumption. Perhaps the most remarkable one among them was the one taken from silk called öşr-i harir indicating that the silk production was made in the town.Göynük’te bulunan tımar, zeamet ve mukataa gelirleri çoğunlukla bir yıllığına iltizama verilmiştir. Göynük’ün belli başlı mukataalar, kahve ve aded-i ağnam mukataası, Mihal Bey Mukcitaası, Göynük ve tevabii mukatası ve Etmekçi Başı Ocas Mukataasıdır. Göynük’e ait gelir kaynakları mültezimler aracılığıyla idare edilmiştir. Bunlar içerisinde aded-i ağnam ve etmekçi hassı mukataaları malikaneye dönüştürülmüştür. Şer’iye sicilleri gerek malikane konuları gerekse bunlar arasındaki ihtilaflar hakkında bizi bilgilendirmektedir. Tımar, zeamet ve mukataaların belgelere yansıyan belli başlı gelir kaynakları cerime dediğimiz cezalar ve zorunlu tüketim maddelerinden alınan sıradan vergi kalemleridir. Bunlar içerisinde belki de en önemlisi, “öşr-i harir” olarak tanımlanan ve bölgede ipek böcekçiliğinin yapıldığının göstergesi olan vergidir
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