1,526 research outputs found
Kooperative Schulsysteme
No full textPhilipp E, Rösner E, Tillmann K-J. Kooperative Schulsysteme. In: Keim W, ed. Sekundarstufe 1: Modelle, Probleme, Perspektiven. Scriptor-Taschenbücher. Vol 136 : Pädagogik. Königstein/Ts.: Scriptor-Verlag; 1978: 110-135
Reordering in statistical machine translation
No full textPhDMachine translation is a challenging task that its difficulties arise from several characteristics
of natural language. The main focus of this work is on reordering as one of
the major problems in MT and statistical MT, which is the method investigated in this
research. The reordering problem in SMT originates from the fact that not all the words
in a sentence can be consecutively translated. This means words must be skipped and
be translated out of their order in the source sentence to produce a fluent and grammatically
correct sentence in the target language. The main reason that reordering is
needed is the fundamental word order differences between languages. Therefore, reordering
becomes a more dominant issue, the more source and target languages are
structurally different.
The aim of this thesis is to study the reordering phenomenon by proposing new methods
of dealing with reordering in SMT decoders and evaluating the effectiveness of
the methods and the importance of reordering in the context of natural language processing
tasks. In other words, we propose novel ways of performing the decoding to
improve the reordering capabilities of the SMT decoder and in addition we explore
the effect of improving the reordering on the quality of specific NLP tasks, namely
named entity recognition and cross-lingual text association. Meanwhile, we go beyond
reordering in text association and present a method to perform cross-lingual text fragment
alignment, based on models of divergence from randomness.
The main contribution of this thesis is a novel method named dynamic distortion,
which is designed to improve the ability of the phrase-based decoder in performing
reordering by adjusting the distortion parameter based on the translation context. The
model employs a discriminative reordering model, which is combining several fea-
2
tures including lexical and syntactic, to predict the necessary distortion limit for each
sentence and each hypothesis expansion. The discriminative reordering model is also
integrated into the decoder as an extra feature. The method achieves substantial improvements
over the baseline without increase in the decoding time by avoiding reordering
in unnecessary positions.
Another novel method is also presented to extend the phrase-based decoder to dynamically
chunk, reorder, and apply phrase translations in tandem. Words inside the chunks
are moved together to enable the decoder to make long-distance reorderings to capture
the word order differences between languages with different sentence structures.
Another aspect of this work is the task-based evaluation of the reordering methods and
other translation algorithms used in the phrase-based SMT systems. With more successful
SMT systems, performing multi-lingual and cross-lingual tasks through translating
becomes more feasible. We have devised a method to evaluate the performance
of state-of-the art named entity recognisers on the text translated by a SMT decoder.
Specifically, we investigated the effect of word reordering and incorporating reordering
models in improving the quality of named entity extraction.
In addition to empirically investigating the effect of translation in the context of crosslingual
document association, we have described a text fragment alignment algorithm
to find sections of the two documents in different languages, that are content-wise related.
The algorithm uses similarity measures based on divergence from randomness
and word-based translation models to perform text fragment alignment on a collection
of documents in two different languages.
All the methods proposed in this thesis are extensively empirically examined. We have
tested all the algorithms on common translation collections used in different evaluation
campaigns. Well known automatic evaluation metrics are used to compare the
suggested methods to a state-of-the art baseline and results are analysed and discussed
Passive curtain walls - Enhancing the multi-hazard performance of buildings
No full textGlass facades are widely used in buildings, due to a multitude of aspects. In most of the cases, wide transparent surfaces are realized in commercial, residential and strategic buildings, including airports, museums, offices, etc., often susceptible to crowd. From a structural point of view, however, under the action of exceptional loads such as human induced / accidental / natural hazards, these facades represent a critical component for buildings, due to the typical brittle behaviour and limited tensile resistance of glass, as well as to the high vulnerability of structural details, etc., hence requiring specific safety levels. In this regard, the prediction of the dynamic behaviour of facades under exceptional loads (including the interaction between a given envelope and the building), or the implementation and optimization of advanced retrofitting tools, represent open topics still requiring extended investigations. Taking advantage of earlier studies, the current research aims to assess the feasibility and potential of special vibration control systems (VCSs) at the interface between a multi-storey building and the enclosing facade, under extreme loading scenarios
Philipp Melanchthon
No full textPhilipp Melanchthon (1497–1560) was, with Martin Luther, the most influential reformer of the church during the 16th century. He was also a reformer of university education, especially theological studies, as well as the school system in Germany. He was responsible for a theological curriculum that included Greek, Hebrew, and philosophy. He, as a professor of Greek at the University of Wittenberg since 1518, was the author of the first generally accepted Protestant confession, known as the Confessio Augustana (1530). He also wrote the first Protestant commentaries on Paul’s letter to the Romans (1519), as well as the first Protestant handbook in systematic theology (1521). He was the main negotiator of the Protestant movement during the diets and religious discussions with the Roman Catholic Church. He is known as the ‘teacher of Germany and Europe’ and is respected as the father of the ecumenical movement. Yet, Melanchthon is not known to South Africans and especially Afrikaans-speaking people who, traditionally, have close links with the reformational tradition. There is not yet one single publication on Melanchthon in Afrikaans or by a South African scholar, making this book, therefore, the first by an Afrikaans-speaking scholar on Melanchthon
#Bitcoin : an analysis of the field of a decentralized virtual currency using twitter data
No full textAuthor Philipp AllerstorferAbstract in englischer SpracheMasterarbeit Universität Linz 201
On Philipp Lersch’s Psychology, Reflection No. 2
No full textАвтор статті зазначає, що у 1930–1970 рр. Ф. Лерш був головним представником гуманітарної течії в німецькомовній психології. Наукову класифікацію людських прагнень і стремлінь було
викладено у головній праці Ф. Лерша «Структура особи» (11-те видання 1970 року). Ф. Лерш зумів
об’єднати у своїм творі інформацію із низки наук (біології, психопатології, із різних психологічних
теорій та концепцій).The author of the article notes that in 1930-1970, Philipp Lersch was the main representative of the
humanitarian direction in German psychology. A scientific classification of human aspirations and ambitions
was described in the main work by Philipp Lersch “Building the Person” (11th ed. of 1970). In his work,
Philipp Lersch managed to combine information from a number of sciences (biology, psychopathology, various
psychological theories and concepts)
Deformation Behavior and Damage Modeling of Polypropylene and Polycarbonate
No full textAuthor Philipp Siegfried StelzerKurzfassungen in deutscher und englischer SpracheMasterarbeit Universität Linz 201
Multi-word expression-sensitive word alignment
No full textThis paper presents a new word alignment method which incorporates knowledge about Bilingual Multi-Word Expressions (BMWEs). Our method of word alignment first extracts such BMWEs in a bidirectional way for a given corpus and then starts conventional word alignment,
considering the properties of BMWEs in their grouping as well as their alignment links. We give partial annotation of alignment links as prior knowledge to the word
alignment process; by replacing the maximum likelihood estimate in the M-step of the IBM Models with the Maximum A
Posteriori (MAP) estimate, prior knowledge about BMWEs is embedded in the prior in this MAP estimate. In our experiments, we saw an improvement of 0.77 Bleu points absolute in JP–EN. Except for one case, our method gave better results than the method using only BMWEs grouping. Even though this paper does not directly address the issues in Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval (CLIR), it
discusses an approach of direct relevance to the field. This approach could be viewed as the opposite of current trends in CLIR on semantic space that incorporate a notion of order in the bag-of-words model (e.g. co-occurences)
Philipp Timischl x Numeró Art
No full textThis article discusses the intersections of gender and class drag in the work of Austrian artist Philipp Timischl. The essay takes the form of a letter of refusal, discussing why the author is simply too busy, then goes on to discuss other performances of industriousness, from Kevin Floyd's proposal that modern masculinity is a labour based performance through to the artist's own gender enhancing or swapping works
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