1,721,118 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of atrial fibrillation in adults: an updated meta-analysis
No full textBackground & Aims
Recent studies examined the association between non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) in adults, but the findings have been inconsistent. We provided a quantitative estimate of the magnitude of the association between NAFLD and risk of AF.
Methods
We searched publication databases using predefined keywords to identify observational studies (published up to December 14, 2018), in which NAFLD was diagnosed by biopsy, imaging or biochemistry, and AF was diagnosed by medical history and electrocardiograms. Data from selected studies were extracted and meta‐analysis was performed using random‐effects modeling.
Results
Nine cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies were included in final analysis (n=364,919 individuals). Meta‐analysis of data from five cross‐sectional studies showed that NAFLD was associated with an increased risk of prevalent AF (random‐effects odds ratio 2.07, 95%CI 1.38‐3.10; I2=54.7%), independent of age, sex, body mass index, hypertension and other common AF risk factors. This risk was particularly high among patients with established diabetes (n=1 study; random‐effects odds ratio 5.17, 95%CI 2.05‐13.02). Meta‐analysis of data from four longitudinal studies showed that NAFLD was independently associated with a 10‐year increased risk of incident AF only in type 2 diabetic patients (n=1 study; random‐effects hazard ratio 4.96, 95%CI 1.42‐17.28). Sensitivity analyses did not modify these findings. Funnel plots did not reveal significant publication bias.
Conclusions
NAFLD is associated with an increased risk of AF in middle‐aged and elderly individuals (especially with type 2 diabetes). However, the observational design of the eligible studies does not allow for proving causality
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Probiotics in GI diseases
No full textProbiotics are living organisms, which upon ingestion in certain numbers, exert health benefits beyond inherent basic nutrition. Probiotics have been studied in a variety of GI diseases, and are an appealing concept given their favourable safety profiles. Current data on the use of probiotic therapy in GI diseases are reviewed. The rationale for using probiotics in IBD is based on convincing evidence that implicates intestinal bacteria in the pathogenesis of the disease. VSL#3, a highly concentrated cocktail of probiotics, has been shown to be effective in the prevention of pouchitis onset and relapses. Results from the use of probiotics in ulcerative colitis have been promising, while results in Crohn's disease are not yet clear. Placebo-controlled trials indicated that lactobacilli have a suppressive effect on Helicobacter pylori infection. Although some studies reported improvement in H. pylori eradication, others failed to confirm this. The clear delineation of a post-infective variety of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), suggests a role for a dysfunctional relationship between the indigenous flora and the host in IBS and, accordingly, provides a clear rationale for the use of probiotics in this disorder. Probiotics may have a role in alleviating some of the symptoms of IBS, but results from controlled trials are controversial. Future studies are needed, in particular larger studies of longer duration with greater methodological rigor. Controlled trials support the use of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces boulardii for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, and have demonstrated the effectiveness of S. boulardii as adjunctive therapy in Clostridium difficile disease
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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