1,720,954 research outputs found
Manganese (Ii)-Anderson Polyoxometalate Mediated Bioethanol Production from Sugarcane Cake
Get PDFRecalcitrant lignin compounds inhibit bioethanol production from biomass. The lignin bind cellulose and hemicellulose in biomass suppressing the fermentation process. Current delignification techniques have an average efficiency of 30% hence affecting the economics of bioethanol production from biomass. In the current work, we report a Manganese(II)-Anderson Polyoxometalate salt (Mn(II)-Anderson POM) , one of the discrete anionic metal oxide salts having a unique Lewis base and Lewis acid properties, to degrade lignin in sugar cane cake root stalk biomass. The results show the Mn(II) - Anderson POM salt to degrade lignin up to 46.97% effectively. Furthermore, upon fermentation of the pretreated cake, bioethanol concentration was 42.12% whereas the positive control (NaOH delignification) had bioethanol concentration of 26.9% using a salt concentration of 3% at 50℃ treating it for a duration of 4 hours. An increase in salt concentration from 1%, 2% and 3% gave significant increase in extracted lignin for both NaOH and POM salts pretreated samples. Similar results were obtained when temperature was varied from 30℃, 40℃, 50℃ and 60℃; and also, time from 2hrs, 3hrs and 4hrs. The quantity and quality of bioethanol obtained followed a similar trend. However, it is noted that in all cases, Mn(II)-Anderson Polyoxometalate salts performed better than NaOH pretreated samples. Specifically, an increase in bioethanol quality (46.13%) after pretreatment with Mn(II)-Anderson POM salt at a concentration of 3%, time 4hrs and temperature 60℃ as compared to NaOH (41.3%) at the same pretreatment parameters is note
Sugarcane Production in Kenya
Get PDFKenya envisioned that by 2030 it would have improved citizen livelihood through agricultural industrialization. Some challenges exist in achieving this goal, especially the effects of climate change and technology transfer. Sugarcane production, for instance, has been elusive with several factories in Kenya experiencing losses. In this work, we explore the sugarcane value chain in Kenya compared to other sugarcane-growing regions that have recorded profits from the sugarcane industry. The production matrix of sugarcane in Kenya is approximately 8.7 million metric tons per year. Out of which, approximately 690,000 metric tons of sugar is generated. The remaining biomass is majorly wasted. Major sugar factories in the world earn their profits from this remaining biomass. Kenya needs to impress technology transfer and convert this waste into profitable products
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
