2,582 research outputs found
Psychotherapy Research and Neurobiology: Challenge, Chance, or Enrichment? Are We Wiser 10 Years Later? (Commentary on "Psychotherapy Research and Neurobiology: Challenge, Chance or Enrichment?"(2003))
No full textPresidential Address of the 2003 SPR annual meeting with commentary from the author, Former President of the SPR, Franz Caspar
Analysis of the mammary gland specific effect of endothelin-1 in transgenic mice
No full textEndothelin-1 (ET-1) ist ein gefä?aktives Peptid, welches zusätzlich verschiedenste nicht kardiovaskuläre physiologische und pathophysiologische Effekte besitzt. So wurde z.B. beschrieben, dass ET-1 in der Brustdrüse während der Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit exprimiert wird. Zusätzlich zu den bekannten Nährstoffen und Wachstumsfaktoren konnte auch ET-1 in der Muttermilch nachgewiesen werden, was auf eine physiologische Rolle von ET-1 für die Laktation und den säugenden Nachwuchs hinweist. In der vorliegenden Arbeit sollte die Funktion von ET-1 in der Brustdrüsenentwicklung mit Hilfe von ET-1 transgenen Mäusen aufgeklärt werden. Die eingesetzten transgenen Tiere überexprimieren humanes ET-1 mit den entsprechenden 5''- und 3'' regulatorischen Sequenzen. Mit Hilfe dieser Strategie sollen die ET-1 spezifischen Funktionen während der Brustdrüsenentwicklung untersucht werden. Transgenes ET-1 wurde während der Tragzeit und Stillzeit in der Brustdrüse detektiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass säugende Neugeborene der ET-1 transgenen Mäuse eine geringere Gewichtszunahme und eine erhöhte Mortalität aufwiesen, welches auf einen Laktationsdefekt hinweist. Die histologische Untersuchung der Brustdrüse während der Tragzeit ergab eine reduzierte Milchkanalausbildung, kollabierte und nicht expandierende Alveoli, vermehrte Adipozytenausbildung und fortbestehende zytoplasmatische Lipidtropfen (CLDs). Zusätzlich war die Expression des Milchproteins WAP reprimiert. Interessanterweise wurde diese Repression nicht durch STAT5, einem beschriebenem Regulator der Milchproteinexpression und Alveolarexpansion, vermittelt, da dessen Aktivität unverändert war. Als Konsequenz dieses Laktationsdefekts konnte eine verfrühte Rückbildung der Brustdrüse festgestellt werden. Diese ging mit einer erhöhten Expression von STAT3 einher. Interessanterweise wies der bekannte Aktivator von STAT3, LIF, ebenfalls eine gesteigerte Aktivität auf, sowohl während der Tragzeit als auch während der Laktation. Zusätzlich zu den beschriebenen Defekten bei der Milchabgabe zeigten histologische Untersuchungen der Brustdrüse eine Laktationshyperplasie während der mittleren Laktationsphase. In diesem Zusammenhang wird darauf hingewiesen, dass ET-1 Rezeptoren, neben den klassischen Signalwegen dieser G Protein-gekoppelte Rezeptoren, auch mit Tyosinkinaserezeptoren wie z. B. dem EGFR interagieren können. Brustdrüsen von ET-1 transgenen Tieren zeigten eine erhöhte Aktivität sowohl von EGFR als auch von ERK1/2, welches im Zusammenhang mit dem hyperplastischen Phänotyp stehen könnte. Die mögliche tumorfördernde Wirkung von ET-1 wird ferner durch die erhöhte Expression von Amphiregulin, einem EGFR-Liganden, während der Tragzeit und der Laktation verstärkt. Zusammenfassend konnte festgestellt werden, dass ET-1 sowohl die Milchsekretion als auch den Milcheinschuss negativ beeinflusst, so dass eine ausreichende Versorgung säugender Jungtiere in der 1. Hälfte der Laktationsperiode nicht mehr gewährleistet ist. Zusätzlich verursachte ET-1 eine Laktationshyperplasie, welche auf die Induktion der EGFR-Achse zurückzuführen ist. Zusammenfassend kann somit festgestellt werden, dass die Ergebnisse auf eine wichtige Rolle von ET-1 in der Brüstphysiologie des Säugers hinweisen.Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoactive peptide having wide physiological effects on vascular homeostasis and on a variety of pathophysiological processes unrelated to cardiovascular system. It has been noted that ET-1 is expressed in mammary glands during pregnancy and lactation periods. Furthermore, ET-1 is secreted into milk, suggesting additional physiological roles in the lactating mother and in the suckling neonate. Hence, the present study was proposed to elucidate the possible functional roles of ET-1 in mammary gland development employing ET-1 transgenic mice. ET-1 transgenic mice had been generated by using a human genomic ET-1 construct containing 5´ and 3´ regulatory sequences. This transgenic construction strategy grants to analyse the specific functions of ET-1 in normal mammary gland physiology. The transgene expression was found in mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation. ET-1 transgenic mice exhibited a lactational incompetence with reduced weight gain and increased mortality of their newborns, as a result of a secretory defect. In virtue of this defect, ET-1 transgenic mammary glands histologically revealed a reduced ductal outgrowth, collapsed alveoli with a reduced expansion capacity, increased adipocyte accumulation, and persistence of cystoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs) during lactation. In addition, the expression of the milk protein, WAP, was found to be constantly suppressed in ET-1 mammary glands although the activity of STAT5, which is known to be a regulator of the expression of milk proteins and alveolar expansion, was found to be normal. Furthermore, as a consequence of the secretory defect, ET-1 transgenic mammary glands exhibited focal precocious involution during early stages of lactation along with an increased activity of STAT3. Consistently, the known activator of STAT3, LIF, was strongly upregulated during lactation and pregnancy. Besides the secretory defect of ET-1 transgenic mammary glands, histological analysis revealed a local lactational hyperplasia during the middle of lactation. Alternatively to the classical G protein-coupled receptors GPCR signalling pathways, endothelin receptors are able to communicate with tyrosine kinase receptors such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) for which the term receptor transactivation was coined. Mammary glands of ET-1 transgenic animals exhibited an increased activity of the EGFR and ERK1/2, which could contribute to the observed hyperplastic phenotype. In support of the potential tumourigenicity of ET-1, one of the EGFR ligands, amphiregulin, was found significantly upregulated in ET-1 transgenic mammary glands, both during pregnancy and lactation periods. In summary, high levels of ET-1 affect the secretion and the milk let down process. Consequently the normal support of milk for the suckling neonates is severely impaired during the first half of the lactation period. In addition, ET-1 caused lactational hyperplasia in the mammary glands due to the induction of the EGFR axis. This suggests an important role for ET-1 in mammary gland physiology
Franz Werfel Family Correspondence 1925-1947 Bulk dates: 1940-1944
No full textThis collection consists primarily of Werfel family correspondence from 1940-1947. Letters and telegraphs mainly document Franz and Alma Werfel's escape from France to the United States, and the efforts of Franz's sisters Marianne Rieser and Hanna Fuchs-Robettin to help their parents escape Europe by way of France and Portugal. Additional correspondence concerns Ferdinand Rieser's work at the Zurich Schaupielhaus, and the collection also contains a typescript of the Marianne Rieser play "Your Problem Please."Author Franz Werfel (1890-1945) was born in Prague to the glove merchant Rudolph Werfel. He had two sisters, playwright Marianne Amalie Rieser (1899-1965) and Hanna Fuchs-Robettin (1896-1964). Werfel was educated in Prague, and from 1915 to 1917 he served in the Austrian army on the Russian front. After the war he settled in Vienna and worked as a full-time writer. His novels were especially popular in England and in the United States. In Vienna he met Alma Mahler-Gropius (1879-1964), the widow of the composer Gustav Mahler. At that time she was married to the architect Walter Gropius. She divorced Gropius and went to live with Werfel; they were married in 1929. The Werfels lived in Austria until 1938, when the Anschluss forced them into exile. After travelling from France to Spain, they settled in the United States in 1940. Franz Werfel died in Beverly Hills, California, on August 26, 1945, in the middle of his work, correcting galley proof of his last book of verse.Alma Schindler was born in Vienna in 1879 as the daughter of the landscape painter Emil Jakob Schindler. She studied with the composer Alexander von Zemlinsky and in 1902 married Gustav Mahler. In 1915, she married the architect Walter Gropius; the couple separated in 1918. In 1929, she married Franz Werfel. She died in New York in 1964.On permanent loan from Judaica Conservancy FoundationProcesseddigitize
Letter from Mrs. Franz Milche [et al.] to John Muir, 1908 Apr 15 .
No full textApr. 15, 1908Wallingford, ConnMy dear Mr. Muir -As the twenty-first of April is drawing near we are again reminded of our dear author and hope our congratulations for his health, happiness, and co[n?]sequent prosperity will in someway hurry the books along.The old man in the picture which had the honor to be placed upon your desk passed very peacefully away about a month ago. Dear old father, eighty-six years old, bright, happy and loved by all. There is no room for04137 real regret.With love and best wishes from all of us.Yours cordiallyMrs Franz MilckeFranz MilckeSelma MilckeWolfram MilckeApr 15 1908
A psychoanalysis study in the main character representing franz kafka as the author in metamorphosis novella
No full textNurul Atikah, A Psychoanalysis Study In The Main Character Representing Franz Kafka As The Author In Metamorphosis Novella. Dibimbing oleh Herland Franley Manalu dan Diana Anggraeni. Penelitian ini menganalisa kondisi psikologis dari karakter utama yaitu Gregor samsa dalam metamorphosis yang ditulis oleh seorang eksistensialis yaitu Franz Kafka pada tahun 1912. Kondisi psikologis tersebut yang membentuk kepribadian karakter tersebut berupa kecemasan, kegalauan, dan kesedihan bisa sejalan dengan motivasi pengarang yang dilihat dari biography nya dan kondisi eksistensialis pengarang yang dituangkan didalam karya sastra ini. Di dalam cerita tersebut, penelitian ini menganalisa kepribadian karakter utama yaitu Gregor Samsa sebagai objek penelitian menggunakan teori kepribadian Id, Ego dan Superego dari Sigmund Freud kemudian mengaitkan relasi antara kepribadiaan karakter utama dengan pengalaman kehidupan Franz Kafka sebagai pengarang melalui psikologi sastra tentang psikologi pengarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif analisis naratif yang merepresentasikan informasi dalam bentuk narasi dan dialog sebagai objek dari penelitian. Adapun isi dari analisis, sebagai berikut; (1) Kondisi kepribadian Gregor Samsa yang mengalami kegalauan, kecemasan, kesedihan dengan kehidupannya yang dipetakan melalui dialog dan monolog(2) Kepribadian Gregor Samsa yang dijelaskan dalam aliran karya sastra Kafka disebut sebagai Kafkaesque (3) Membuktikan pada kesimpulan melalui data yang telah dikumpulkan bahwa kondisipsikologis yang dialami oleh Gregor Samsa merupakan cerminan dari kehidupan Franz Kafka sebagai pengarang. Sebagai seorang pengarang, karya sastra Franz Kafka merepresentasikan konteks sosial pada era itu bahkan masih relevan sampai sekarang dalam tema-tema eksistensial seperti itu
Higher Franz-Reidemeister torsion
No full textThe book is devoted to the theory of topological higher Franz-Reidemeister torsion in K-theory. The author defines the higher Franz-Reidemeister torsion based on Volodin's K-theory and Borel's regulator map. He describes its properties and generalizations and studies the relation between the higher Franz-Reidemeister torsion and other torsions used in K-theory: Whitehead torsion and Ray-Singer torsion. He also presents methods of computing higher Franz-Reidemeister torsion, illustrates them with numerous examples, and describes various applications of higher Franz-Reidemeister torsion, particularly for the study of homology of mapping class groups. Packed with up-to-date information, the book provides a unique research and reference tool for specialists working in algebraic topology and K-theory
Melathra huyenae Franz, new species
No full text<p> <b> <i>Melathra huyenae</i> Franz, new species</b> (Figs. 1–14)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Melathra huyenae</i> is diagnosed by the following combination of traits: integument black, legs dark reddish brown; scales predominantly pale white, grey-silver to tan or brown, yet turquoise metallic on the rostrum, and with two conspicuous sub-elliptical patches of rusty brown metallic scales on anteromesal edges of elytra. The post-epistomal region is not distinctly depressed, and the median rostral sulcus is short and not narrowly linear. The head has a postocular constriction. The profemur is toothed, whereas the female metatibia has neither a row of teeth nor a mucro. The humeri are not well-developed. The female declivity bears a mesal tuft of suberect scales. The female sternum is VIII elliptical (Fig. 10) and the corpus of the spermatheca is swollen (Fig. 12). The male median lobe has a strongly sclerotized flagellum and paired anterior, narrowly plicate sclerites (Fig. 14). Further differential traits are provided in the genus-level diagnosis.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> General morphological characteristics and measurements as specified in genus-level account above. Post-epistomal area of rostrum with more widely spaced, bluish or pale turquoise metallic scales, thereafter with contiguous pale silver/grey to brown scales typically forming alternating linear stripes along dorsal surface of rostrum (Figs. 1, 5). Body surface primarily covered with homogeneously intermixed pale white to grey-silver and variously brown scales, resulting in uniform dark brown appearance without magnification; patches of rusty (to orange) brown metallic scales present on lateral sides of pronotum, thoracic and abdominal sterna, and elytra as well as 2 distinct sub-elliptical patches of such scales in mesal anterior corners of elytra (Figs. 1, 4). Lateral and ventral sides of rostrum, head, and femora (particularly on lateral sides near region of ventral tooth) more frequently with pale white scales (Figs. 2, 3). Setae short, lobulate, recurved, rusty brown and inconspicuous except on nasal plate, femora, ventral sides of tibiae (particular male metatibiae), and ventral sternites.</p> <p> <b>Variation.</b> Other than substantive differences in body size, there is little apparent variation among specimens in terms of shape, surface structure, and coloration. Macroscopic differences in color patterns are largely due to varying levels of scale abrasion; worn specimens show more parts of the underlying black integument.</p> <p> <b>Type Material.</b> H o l o t y p e f e m a l e “D. R. [Dominican Republic] Pedernales [Province], Las Cuevas, Bahía de las Aguilas Station, afternoon & night collecting (incl. Hg & UV lights), 40 m, N 17°51′43.8″ W 71°38′18.3″ / June 08/2008 (RD 8-3), Leg. N.Franz, J.Girón, A. Mazo, S.Navarro ” (UPRM); paratypes, same label as female holotype (18 males, 9 females); “ DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, Pedernales Prov. [ince], Cabo Rojo, 18- V/1992, M. C. Thomas ” (8 males, 6 females); “ DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, Pedernales Prov. [ince], Cabo Rojo, 21-V-1992, M. C. Thomas (4 males, 4 females).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> Named to acknowledge the author’ s love and appreciation for his best friend and greatest supporter, Huyen Dotran.</p> <p> <b>Natural History.</b> Numerous specimens of <i>M. huyenae</i> were collected while beating shrubby plants at night along trails in the coastal dry forest (“main platform”) of the Jaragua National Park, near the Bahía de las Águlas Station, at only 40 m above sea level (Fig. 15; see also León <i>et al.</i> 2011). The host plant associations remain unknown. No additional specimens were taken while collecting repeatedly on similar vegetation at higher elevations, <i>i.e.</i> moving uphill from Carretera 44 along the Carretera Cabo Rojo to Aceitillar, thus suggesting that <i>M. huyenae</i> is narrowly restricted to the coastal zone of the Jaragua National Park. Similarly, narrowly endemic species are reported for the phylogenetically and ecologically related Greater Antillean genera <i>Apotomoderes, Artipus,</i> and <i>Scelianoma</i> Franz and Girón (Woodruff 1985; Franz and Girón 2009; Franz 2010a).</p>Published as part of <i>Franz, Nico M., 2011, Melathra Huyenae Franz, A New Genus And New Species Of Entimine Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae) From Southwestern Hispaniola, pp. 352-362 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 65 (4)</i> on pages 359-360, DOI: 10.1649/072.065.0406, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10085403">http://zenodo.org/record/10085403</a>
The aldo-keto reductase AKR1B7 coexpresses with renin without influencing renin production and secretion
No full textMachura K, Iankilevitch E, Neubauer B, Theuring F, Kurtz A. The aldo-keto reductase AKR1B7 coexpresses with renin without influencing renin production and secretion. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 304: F578-F584, 2013. First published January 9, 2013; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00617.2012.-On the basis of evidence that within the adult kidney, the aldo-keto reductase AKR1B7 (aldo-keto reductase family 1, member 7, also known as mouse vas deferens protein, MVDP) is selectively expressed in renin-producing cells, we aimed to define a possible role of AKR1B7 for the regulation and function of renin cells in the kidney. We could confirm colocalization and corecruitment of renin and of AKR1B7 in wild-type kidneys. Renin cells in AKR1B7-deficient kidneys showed normal morphology, numbers, and intrarenal distribution. Plasma renin concentration (PRC) and renin mRNA levels of AKR1B7-deficient mice were normal at standard chow and were lowered by a high-salt diet directly comparable to wild-type mice. Treatment with a low-salt diet in combination with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor strongly increased PRC and renin mRNA in a similar fashion both in AKR1B7-deficient and wild-type mice. Under this condition, we also observed a strong retrograde recruitment of renin-expressing cell along the preglomerular vessels, however, without a difference between AKR1B7-deficient and wild-type mice. The isolated perfused mouse kidney model was used to study the acute regulation of renin secretion by ANG II and by perfusion pressure. Regarding these parameters, no differences were observed between AKR1B7-deficient and wild-type kidneys. In summary, our data suggest that AKR1B7 is not of major relevance for the regulation of renin production and secretion in spite of its striking coregulation with renin expression
Un Ecrivain, Un Peintre
No full textThis is not the ordinary French pocketbook of some of La Fontaine's fables. The eight illustrations from Franz Marc make this book what it is. Marc has a great sense of color. Here he shows an equal sense of emotion, I believe. Among the best of the colored illustrations are those matched with BF (I) and with The Horse Wanting to Get Revenge on the Stag (II). The credits on the final page suggest, if one did not suspect it already, that the pictures were not painted for these fables. Apparently this series of books rather brings together a painter and a writer without looking for a one-to-one correspondence in their subjects.Language note: FrenchJean de La Fontain
alternative isoforms of DNA methyltransferase
No full textDie DNA Methyltransferasen sind verantwortlich für die spezifische Methylierung von DNA-Basen. Mehrere DNA Methyltransferasen sind bekannt, wobei die Dnmt1 das hauptsächlich vorkommende Enzym ist. Bei Säugetieren korreliert die DNA-Methylierung mit der Genaktivität und ist essentiell für die Embryonalentwicklung. Eine beeinträchtigte Funktion oder Verfügbarkeit des Enzyms kann zu pathologisch veränderten Zuständen führen. Die Regulation der Dnmt1 und die damit verbundene Bedeutung bei der Entstehung von Krankheiten ist bisher nur unvollständig untersucht. In der Frühphase der Embryonalentwicklung von Säugetieren ändert sich das Methylierungsmuster des Genoms dramatisch. In zeitlich aufeinander folgenden Phasen wird die DNA demethyliert (Verlust der Methylgruppen) und neu methyliert (De-Novo Methylierung). Die Hypothese dieser Arbeit ist, dass verschiedene Isoformen der Dnmt1 in spezifischen Entwicklungsstadien exprimiert werden und zu Veränderungen des Methylierungsmusters der DNA beitragen. Um diese Regulation zu untersuchen, wurde die Struktur der Maus Dnmt1-Gens bestimmt. Außerdem wurde in verschiedenen Gewebetypen die Transkriptionsgröße und die Transkriptionsintensität der mRNA mit Hilfe von Northern-Blots quantifiziert. Mit diesen Experimenten konnte im Hoden- und Skelettmuskelgewebe ein längeres Dnmt1-Transkript als in anderen Geweben identifiziert werden. Dieses neue Dnmt1-Transkript wurde mit Hilfe von RT-PCR und RACE-Techniken kloniert und ist in beiden Geweben identisch. Es unterscheidet sich auf DNA-Ebene in der Sequenz des 5'-Endes von der bisher bekannten Form der Dnmt1 und besitzt einen anderen Startpunkt für die Transkription. Darüber hinaus besitzt das neue Dnmt1-Transkript ein 800 Basenpaar großes erstes Exon, welches sich von dem des bekannten Dnmt1-Transkripts unterscheidet. Die spezifische zelluläre Lokalisation des neuen Transkripts wurde mit Hilfe der In-Situ-Hybridisierung analysiert. Mit dieser Technik wurde das alternative Transkript in stärker spezialisierten, haploiden spermatogenen Zellen (Spermatiden) und zu einem geringen Maß im Skelettmuskel nachgewiesen. Während der Differenzierung von Muskelzellen wurde eine verminderte Expression des bereits bekannten mRNA-Transkripts und eine verstärkte Expression des neu identifizierten mRNA-Transkripts festgestellt. Obwohl die mRNA der alternativen Isoform verschiedene, kurze offene Leserahmen enthält, welche die Translation eines spezifischen Dnmt1 Proteins verhindern könnten, wurde durch Immunofluoreszenz- und Western-Blot Analysen ein Translationsprodukt nachgewiesen. Nach den hier aufgezeigten Ergebnissen werden alternative Dnmt1 Isoformen in vivo exprimiert, welche eine aktive Rolle bei der Regulation der DNA-Methylierung spielen könnten.DNA methyltransferases (DNA MTases) are enzymes responsible for DNA methylation (transfer of methyl groups to a base in the DNA) and are vital for the development of mammals. Several MTases have been identified in eukaryotes but the most abundant is Dnmt1. Furthermore, many pathological conditions are often attributed to an altered availability or function of this enzyme, however the understanding of the regulation of Dnmt1 and the concomitant relationship to diseases is far from being complete. In mammals the methylation of DNA correlates with gene activity, and methylation patterns change dramatically during early development when the genome of the mammalian embryo undergoes consecutive waves of demethylation (loss of methylation) and de novo methylation (methylation of DNA sites that have not been previously methylated). The hypothesis of this study was that alternative Dnmt1 isoforms are expressed at specific developmental stages and thus contribute to changes in the DNA methylation pattern. To study this regulation the structure of the Dnmt1 gene was determined. In this work, the tissue distribution and abundance of Dnmt1 mRNA was analyzed by Northern blot and a new, longer transcript was identified that is present in testis and skeletal muscle tissue. The novel isoform was cloned by a combination of RT-PCR and RACE techniques and found to be identical in both tissues. This new isoform differs from the ubiquitous cDNA in the 5' end, utilizing a new transcriptional start site and an 800 bp long alternative first exon. The cellular localization of this new transcript was determined by in situ hybridization and found to be present in the more specialized haploid spermatogenic cells, spermatids and at lower level in skeletal muscle. During muscle differentiation, the ubiquitous isoform is downregulated while the alternative isoform is upregulated. Although this mRNA codes for several short upstream ORFs which could prevent translation of the Dnmt1-specific ORF, it was found by immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses that this transcript can be translated in vivo producing a shorter Dnmt1 protein. The results shown here indicate that alternative Dnmt1 isoforms are expressed in vivo and might play an active role in the regulation of DNA methylation
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