345 research outputs found
Replication : Laïcité normative contexte and prejudice acceptability
No full textIn current French society, two cultural norms of diversity coexist: The Historic Laïcité (e.g., an egalitarian norm) and the New Laïcité (e.g., an assimilationist norm). We argue that cultural norms have a direct contextual influence on people’s responses toward French diversity (Lankester & Alexopoulos, 2021). More specifically, in two previous studies, we aimed to examine whether Laïcité shapes the perceived acceptability of prejudice towards Laïcité related-groups. These groups, such as Muslim Africans, represent French ethnocultural minorities specifically targeted by Laïcité principles. This study is a replication of: https://osf.io/2bdm
Processing styles in the AMP
No full textIn the Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP; Payne et al., 2005), participants are exposed to an affect-laden prime (e.g., a picture of a baby or a snake) followed by an ambiguous target (Chinese ideographs for non-Chinese readers). The typical instructions for the task stress that the prime should be ignored and the target be evaluated for pleasantness in a binary categorization task (i.e., pleasant/unpleasant). Despite these instructions, the primes influence the judgment of the targets: targets that appear after pleasant primes (e.g., a baby) are rated as more pleasant than targets that appear after unpleasant primes (e.g., a snake). Participants’ biased responses toward the prime were initially assumed to reflect an automatic activation of a positive or negative affective reaction that was subsequently misattributed to the target. The AMP was used as a valid and reliable indirect measure that seemed to circumvent the issues posed by the evaluative priming task (EPT) or the Implicit Association Test (IAT).
However, recent research challenged the view that responses in the AMP capture genuine automatic affect misattribution. Indeed, priming effects in the AMP is not systematic and can be moderated by a host of variables: There is evidence in the literature suggesting that more active control strategies can alter priming effects. For example Hazlett and Berinsky (2018) found that participants that resisted the influence of the primes were able to eliminate priming effects. Still, they argued that the AMP appears to be relatively immune to control for some participants. In another study, Bar-Anan and Nosek (2012) showed that priming effects were found for participants reporting to intentionally evaluate the primes rather than the targets. More recently, Gawronski and Ye (2014) investigated the relationship between metacognitive knowledge and priming effects in the AMP, and do not rule out the role of intentional processes in this phenomenon. Finally, Hughes et al. (2021) examined the priming effects in the AMP and their predictive validity across eight studies as well as meta-analyses. They challenged the automaticity of the priming effects and argue that they are heavily driven by influence awareness. Thus, the bulk of evidence suggests that the priming effects in the AMP are open to control or strategic influences.
In the present study, we take another perspective to test the contribution of strategic influences on the AMP. Based on previous findings in the EPT (Alexopoulos et al., 2017) showing that priming effects are sensitive to processing styles, we argue that inducing participants to a global vs. local processing style can alter priming effects in the AMP
Effect of corrosion-induced hydrogen embrittlement and its degradation impact on tensile properties and fracture toughness of (Al-Cu-Mg) 2024 alloy
No full textAbstractIn the present work, the effect of artificial ageing of AA2024-T3 on the tensile mechanical properties and fracture toughness degradation due to corrosion exposure will be investigated. Tensile and fracture toughness specimens were artificially aged to tempers that correspond to Under-Ageing (UA), Peak-Ageing (PA) and Over-Ageing (OA) conditions and then were subsequently exposed to exfoliation corrosion environment. The corrosion exposure time was selected to be the least possible according to the experimental work of Alexopoulos et al. (2016) so as to avoid the formation of large surface pits, trying to simulate the hydrogen embrittlement degradation only. The mechanical test results show that minimum corrosion-induced decrease in elongation at fracture was achieved for the peak-ageing condition, while maximum was noticed at the under-ageing and over-ageing conditions. Yield stress decrease due to corrosion is less sensitive to tempering; fracture toughness decrease was sensitive to ageing heat treatment thus proving that the S΄ particles play a significant role on the corrosion-induced degradation
The Liturgical Book of the Oktoechos. Function, Forms, and Manuscript Tradition
No full textThis chapter offers a detailed investigation into the liturgical book known as the Oktoechos within the Byzantine tradition, focusing on its function, structure, and manuscript history. The Author clarifies the multiple meanings of the term "oktoechos" in Byzantine sources, distinguishing between the musical eight-mode system, the weekly liturgical cycle, and the book itself. The study explores the evolution of the Oktoechos from its early roots in the Jerusalem liturgical tradition, particularly through Georgian and Greek sources such as the Old and New Tropologion. The work highlights the interplay between the Oktoechos and other liturgical books like the Menaion, Triodion, and Pentekostarion, and traces the contribution of major hymnographers including John of Damascus and Andrew of Crete. Special attention is given to terminological ambiguities, manuscript variants, and regional adaptations. Overall, the chapter presents a nuanced reconstruction of the development and standardization of this central Byzantine liturgical book
Socioeconomic status and anxiety as predictors of antidepressant treatment response and suicidal ideation in older adults.
No full textBACKGROUND: Separate reports from the maintenance treatment for late-life depression (MTLD) trials have shown that low socioeconomic status (SES) and anxiety symptoms at the time of treatment initiation predict lower levels of response to antidepressant treatment and higher levels of suicidal ideation in older adults. AIM: To determine whether SES and anxiety independently contribute to worse treatment outcomes, as indicated by persistence of depressive symptoms during treatment and the persistence of suicidal ideation. Consistent with prior evidence that sociodemographic factors and clinical history are both prognostic of depression treatment efficacy, we hypothesized that SES and pre-existing anxiety symptoms will both predict lower levels of response to treatment and higher levels of suicidal ideation. METHOD: Secondary analyses of data from the MTLD trials. RESULTS: Regression analyses which controlled for comorbid anxiety indicated that residents of middle- and high-income census tracts were more likely to respond to treatment (HR, 1.63; 95%CI, 1.08-2.46) and less likely to report suicidal ideation during treatment (OR, 0.51; 95%CI, 0.28-0.90) than residents of low income census tracts. The same regression models indicated that pre-existing anxiety symptoms were independently related to lower treatment response (HR, 0.73; 95%CI, 0.60-0.89) and higher risk of suicidal ideation (OR, 1.45; 95%CI, 0.98-2.14). CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate the importance of treating anxiety symptoms during the course of treatment for late-life depression and, at the same time, addressing barriers to treatment response related to low SES
The Effect of Guilt and Shame on Construal Level and Psychological Distance : Replication Studies of Han et al. (2014)
No full textThe Effect of Guilt and Shame on Construal Level and Psychological Distance : Replication Studies of Han et al. (2014)
No full textThe Effect of Guilt and Shame on Construal Level : A Preregistered Replication Study of Han et al. (2014)
No full textThe purpose of this study is to replicate the effect of guilt and shame on construal level found by Han et al. (2014). Using autobiographical recall, we will induce either guilt or shame. That is, participants will have 10 minutes to recall an event that made them feel either guilt or shame and describe it as precisely as possible (conditions surrounding this event, feelings and thoughts associated). Participants in the control condition will have 10 minutes to describe a typical day in their life. Then, we will measure participants' construal level using the Behavior Identification Form (BIF, Wegner & Vallacher, 1989). We will use a translated and validated French version of this questionnaire (Belayachi & Van der Linden, unpublished), which contains 23 items. Specifically, we will ask participants to read action verbs (e.g., taking a test) and to choose which option, among two (e.g., answering questions [low-level construal] VS showing one’s knowledge [high-level construal]), describes better the way they represent the target action. After this measure, participants will rate the extent to which they feel guilt and shame (i.e., as a manipulation check). We will then measure psychological distance following Fiedler et al. (2012), by showing participants an action verb and ask them to imagine a situation in which they would engage themselves in a situation prompted by this action verb, to briefly describe the situation, and to judge the distance of the imagined situation concerning the social, temporal, spatial and probability distance dimensions. The psychological distance isn’t part of the original study, but we added it at the end in a more exploratory perspective in order to investigate the effect of these emotions on perceived psychological distance.
Hence, we expect that (H1) participants in the guilt condition will have a lower construal level score than participants in the shame condition, with the control condition falling in between. This hypothesis is derived from Han et al. (2014) and is our replication and main hypothesis. We also expect that (H2) participants in the guilt condition will have a lower psychological distance score than participants in the shame condition, with the control condition falling in between. This constitutes our secondary hypothesis and we derive it from the Construal level theory (Trope et al, 2007; Trope et Liberman, 2010; Liberman, 2007)
Assessing the failure of Open Government Data initiatives in Brazil
No full textWhile assessing the potential of a particular digital innovation initiative, especially when it has implications for a range of societal stakeholders, it becomes pertinent to understand the possible bottlenecks in its acceptability as well. In this regard, the present study seeks to understand how the Open Government Data (OGD) initiatives in Brazil are being confronted with bottlenecks in terms of their execution and acceptability. This exploratory study adopts a qualitative cross-sectional research approach wherein interviews are being conducted with 11 managers working in public organizations and are directly associated with the OGD initiatives. Findings from the interview responses delineate internal and external factors, resource availability, data maintenance, and lack of knowledge as the key determinants for the bottlenecks associated with the execution and acceptability of OGD initiatives by the societal stakeholders. The study's originality lies in its theoretical contribution towards an understanding of how a novel digital innovation-OGD, in the present case- is fraught with impediments in terms of its execution and acceptability. The study concludes with directions for further research and practitioner implications.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Information and Communication Technolog
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