1,721,850 research outputs found
Mental health in Norwegian farmers: The HUNT Study
Get PDFAgriculture in industrialized countries has undergone major structural changes in recent decades. Farmers are exposed to a number of work-related stressors, such as high levels of work, unfavourable weather, financial difficulties, agricultural policies, and insecurities related to the future of their farms and of agriculture in general. These stressors may have an impact on the mental health of farmers, but the literature is inconclusive as to whether the mental health of farmers differs from that of people in other occupational groups. The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (Helseundersøkelsen i Nord-Trøndelag, HUNT) is one of The world’s largest health studies to date. The HUNT Study is a total population-based study conducted in the county of Nord-Trøndelag, Norway, and consists of three cohorts: HUNT1 (1984-1986), HUNT2 (1995-1997), and HUNT3 (2006-2008). In total, more than 125,000 people have participated in the study, many of whom have had repeated measurements. We used data from all the three waves of the HUNT Study to investigate the mental health of Norwegian farmers.
Paper I reports a cross-sectional study of occupationally active HUNT3 participants in the age group 19 – 66 years. We found that the levels of farmers’ anxiety symtoms were similar to those in other occupational groups. Farmers, in particular male farmers, had a higher mean level of symptoms of depression compared with other occupational groups, including other manual occupations with presumed lower socio-economic status. We also found that the difference in the mean level of depression symptoms between farmers and the occupationally active general population increased with increasing age.
Paper II reports a prospective cohort study that included HUNT2 participants who were occupationally active and in the age group 19-62 years at baseline. We linked HUNT data with national registry data on disability and retirement pensions, and estimated the risk of receiving a disability pension for different occupational groups. We found that from a socioeconomic perspective farmers had an intermediate risk of being in receipt of a disability pension. We also investigated the association between symptoms of anxiety or depression in HUNT2 and the risk of receipt of a disability pension in the future. We found that symptoms of anxiety or depression at baseline were associated with a relatively similar absolute risk increase of receiving a disability pension in different occupational groups, with the possible exception of unskilled manual workers, who may have had a somewhat higher risk increase.
For the research reported in Paper III, we used data from all three waves of the HUNT Study, using several different designs. In a prospective cohort study, we found that the farmers had similar odds of having symptoms of psychological distress and anxiety 11 years after the baseline occupational measurement as other manual occupational groups. Farmers had the highest prospective odds of having symptoms of depression, although the differences between farmers and other manual occupations were minor. We also used national registry data to compare the mental health of farmers with that of their siblings working in other occupations.
We found that the farmers had higher odds of having symptoms of depression than their siblings in the periods 1995-1997 and 2006-2008. Regarding symptoms of anxiety, we did not find a difference between farmers and their siblings in the period 1995-1997, but there was a tendency for farmers to have higher odds of symptoms of anxiety than their siblings in the period 2006-2008. Further, we found that farmers appeared to follow the same general trends of symptoms of anxiety and depression as workers in other manual occupations, both over time and throughout their lifespan.
We found that farmers, in particular men, had a high prevalence of symptoms of depression compared with other occupational groups. With the possible exception of the sibling study, there did not appear to be any differences in symptoms of anxiety between farmers and other occupational groups. Farmers appeared to follow the same general trends in mental health as other occupational groups, but the results of the sibling analysis suggested that working in agriculture may have an impact on mental health. Additionally, our results suggest that there is a need for preventive mental health efforts within the agricultural industry and in the health care system, and may be of importance for shaping future agricultural policy
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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