302 research outputs found
Feelings written by music in Stygmat by Cyprian Kamil Norwid
No full textW pracy zostały również wykorzystane fragmenty mojego autorstwa użyte w pracy dyplomowej Motyw muzyki i muzyka w twórczości Cypriana Kamila Norwida.This article aims to show an atypical expression of feelings. We face such case in Cyprian Kamil Norwid's novella Stygmat, where playing the violin is the only way to express feelings of a main character. Furthermore in the novella we may find an example of synthesis of arts -the author undertakes an attempt in "translating" the main character's music into poetry. On the example of this piece we can see not only a specific kind of expressing one's feelings, but also a community of arts, typical of the romanticism, as well as playing a particular role in the interpretation of the novella.MONIKA STOLARCZYK - studentka filologii polskiej na Wydziale Nauk Humanistycznych Uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie. Zainteresowania badawcze:
komparatystyka, literatura polskiego romantyzmu, muzyka w utworach literackich.Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego24324
Implementation state of projects supporting the information society development, resourced from the European Founds – 30 June 2012
No full textStan realizacji projektów wspierających rozwój społeczeństwa informacyjnego, finansowanych
ze środków Unii Europejskiej – 30 czerwca 2012 r.The subject of the article is a review of the operational programs, including projects concerning the information society, e administration and the broadband infrastructure. Next, the purpose of that, is showing a state the projects implementation at 30 June 2012. Through the prism of allocation the number of projects and financial resources (of the total value and the funds), both in the scale of the country, as well as in individual regions, activities of self government units, enterprises and other organizational forms. In the first part of the paper presents an overview of th
Rosja w polityce zagranicznej Polski w okresie pozimnowojennym (aspekty polityczne)
No full textThe purpose of the case study is to highlight the main stages, and their characteristics, in
Polish foreign policy towards the Russian Federation in the twenty‑year
period after the end
of Cold War era. The particular attention has been paid to the most recent period in Polish‑Russian
relations that falls between 2008 and 2011. Author emphasizes new accents in Polish
foreign policy towards Russia, which were introduced by the Government of Donald Tusk
after 2008. The principal thesis of the case study assumes that the character of Polish‑Russian
relations in the post‑Cold
War era did depend on Russia and its internal and external policy,
including the policy towards Poland. However, it didn’t depend on it entirely. The Polish‑
Russian relations were also conditioned by Poland, Polish foreign policy and, above all, by
Polish policy towards Russia and its Western neighbors that had formed part of the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics before. These bilateral relations were also conditioned by the existence
of Polish governing parties’ political will to improve relations with Russia. Both sides,
Poland and Russia, are responsible for the shape of Polish‑Russian
dialogue. In opposition to
the opinion that prevails in Poland, the Author reckons that the successive governing parties
in this country are somewhat responsible for the poor condition of Polish‑Russian
relations in
the post‑Cold
War era. In the case study the Author gives numerous arguments to back up his
statement
Kierunki ewolucji europejskiego systemu międzynarodowego w pierwszej i drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku
No full textAbstrakt: Kierunki ewolucji europejskiego systemu międzynarodowego w pierwszej i drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku
Celem podjętym w artykule jest wskazanie głównych, według autora, tendencji ewolucji systemu międzynarodowego w Europie w pierwszych dwóch dekadach XXI wieku. Autor omawia najważniejsze tendencje obserwowane w polityce zagranicznej wybranych krajów, które odgrywają rolę mocarstw międzynarodowych. Analizuje dwustronne i wielostronne relacje tych krajów, ewolucję ich pozycji na arenie międzynarodowej oraz tendencje obserwowane w Unii Europejskiej (UE) i NATO. W swojej analizie autor podkreśla następujące aspekty tendencji w ewolucji europejskiego systemu międzynarodowego: utrzymanie kilku stref bezpieczeństwa; proces rozszerzenia NATO i ewolucja jego funkcji oraz strategii; ewolucja europejskiej mapy politycznej; nasilenie się tendencji dezintegracyjnych w UE (w połączeniu z kilkoma kryzysami); zaostrzenie geopolitycznej rywalizacji krajów na obszarze postradzieckim (głównie na Ukrainie) oraz wzrost pozycji Niemiec i Rosji jako sił międzynarodowych.
Słowa kluczowe: system międzynarodowy, układ sił, mocarstwa, Unia Europejska, NATO, Niemcy, Federacja Rosyjska
Abstract: Directions of international system evolution in the first two decades of 21st century
The objective of the paper is to indicate the main, according to the author, tendencies in evolution of international system in Europe in the first two decades of 21st century. The author elaborates on the most important tendencies observed in foreign policies of selected countries, which fulfill the role of international powers. He analyses their bilateral and multilateral relations, evolution of their positions on the international arena and the tendencies observed in the European Union (EU) and NATO. In his analysis, the author emphasizes the following aspects of tendencies in the evolution of the European international system: maintenance of a few security zones; NATO enlargement process and the evolution of its functions and strategy; evolution of the European political map; increase of disintegration tendencies in the EU (concomitance of a few crises); exacerbation of geopolitical rivalry of countries in the post-Soviet area (mainly in Ukraine) and the growth of Germany and Russia as international powers.Key words: international system, balance of power, powers, European Union, NATO, Germany, Russian Federatio
Rosja w polityce zagranicznej Polski w okresie pozimnowojennym (aspekty polityczne)
No full textAbstract: Russia in Polish foreign policy in the post-Cold War era (political aspects)The purpose of the case study is to highlight the main stages, and their characteristics, in Polish foreign policy towards the Russian Federation in the twenty‑year period after the end of Cold War era. The particular attention has been paid to the most recent period in Polish‑Russian relations that falls between 2008 and 2011. Author emphasizes new accents in Polish foreign policy towards Russia, which were introduced by the Government of Donald Tusk after 2008. The principal thesis of the case study assumes that the character of Polish‑Russian relations in the post‑Cold War era did depend on Russia and its internal and external policy, including the policy towards Poland. However, it didn’t depend on it entirely. The Polish‑Russian relations were also conditioned by Poland, Polish foreign policy and, above all, by Polish policy towards Russia and its Western neighbors that had formed part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics before. These bilateral relations were also conditioned by the existence of Polish governing parties’ political will to improve relations with Russia. Both sides, Poland and Russia, are responsible for the shape of Polish‑Russian dialogue. In opposition to the opinion that prevails in Poland, the Author reckons that the successive governing parties in this country are somewhat responsible for the poor condition of Polish‑Russian relations in the post‑Cold War era. In the case study the Author gives numerous arguments to back up his statement.Key words: foreign policy, Polish‑Russian relations, internal and external policy of Russia, Polish‑Russian dialo
Kierunki ewolucji europejskiego systemu międzynarodowego w pierwszej i drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku
No full textAbstrakt: Kierunki ewolucji europejskiego systemu międzynarodowego w pierwszej i drugiej dekadzie XXI wiekuCelem podjętym w artykule jest wskazanie głównych, według autora, tendencji ewolucji systemu międzynarodowego w Europie w pierwszych dwóch dekadach XXI wieku. Autor omawia najważniejsze tendencje obserwowane w polityce zagranicznej wybranych krajów, które odgrywają rolę mocarstw międzynarodowych. Analizuje dwustronne i wielostronne relacje tych krajów, ewolucję ich pozycji na arenie międzynarodowej oraz tendencje obserwowane w Unii Europejskiej (UE) i NATO. W swojej analizie autor podkreśla następujące aspekty tendencji w ewolucji europejskiego systemu międzynarodowego: utrzymanie kilku stref bezpieczeństwa; proces rozszerzenia NATO i ewolucja jego funkcji oraz strategii; ewolucja europejskiej mapy politycznej; nasilenie się tendencji dezintegracyjnych w UE (w połączeniu z kilkoma kryzysami); zaostrzenie geopolitycznej rywalizacji krajów na obszarze postradzieckim (głównie na Ukrainie) oraz wzrost pozycji Niemiec i Rosji jako sił międzynarodowych. Słowa kluczowe: system międzynarodowy, układ sił, mocarstwa, Unia Europejska, NATO, Niemcy, Federacja RosyjskaAbstract: Directions of international system evolution in the first two decades of 21st centuryThe objective of the paper is to indicate the main, according to the author, tendencies in evolution of international system in Europe in the first two decades of 21st century. The author elaborates on the most important tendencies observed in foreign policies of selected countries, which fulfill the role of international powers. He analyses their bilateral and multilateral relations, evolution of their positions on the international arena and the tendencies observed in the European Union (EU) and NATO. In his analysis, the author emphasizes the following aspects of tendencies in the evolution of the European international system: maintenance of a few security zones; NATO enlargement process and the evolution of its functions and strategy; evolution of the European political map; increase of disintegration tendencies in the EU (concomitance of a few crises); exacerbation of geopolitical rivalry of countries in the post-Soviet area (mainly in Ukraine) and the growth of Germany and Russia as international powers.Key words: international system, balance of power, powers, European Union, NATO, Germany, Russian Federatio
Zbieżność i różnice interesów w stosunkach polsko-niemieckich w latach 1989-2009
No full textThe most important research aim of this work is to present similarities and differences
in Polish-German relations between 1989 and 2009 both in a bilateral and multilateral
(international) dimension in the light of the main assumptions of the conception of “Polish-
German community of interests”. The author aimed to show the most important manifestations
of the Polish-German cooperation in the post-cold-war period and discuss the most
controversial issues both in an intergovernmental (international) and social dimension.
One of the main research aims of the work is to present the sources and manifestations of
the increase in differences of interests and aims of Poland and Germany between 1998 and
2009 in an international, and, above all, a European dimension, that is in the area in which
a far-reaching similarity of interests between the nations existed between 1989/1990 and
1998 and which has constituted the nature of Polish-German community of interests for
many years. Apart from that, the author aimed to present the most important controversies
appearing at this time in bilateral relations between Poland and Germany, connected with
their historical burdens first of all. Despite flow of time, Polish-German World War II related
arguments were still a very serious burden of Polish-German relations
Implications of the EU crisis for the further European integration process
No full textThe Eurozone crisis, that made its presence felt especially between 2010 and 2011, illustrated that predicating the further European integration has become more difficult than it was a few years ago. Some of its consequences are already visible in a large scale; some will assuredly be noticed in a longer term. The aim of this case study is to indicate, according to the author’s opinion, which are the most important and direct implications of the EU crisis for the further development of the European Union integration. In the first part of the article, the author outlined the most probable results of the presumptive dissolution of Eurozone. In the second part, he demonstrated that the Eurozone crisis would lead to wider integration of the Euroland. Nonetheless, this closer integration will not mean building the United States of Europe, since among the EU societies there is no agreement to transform the EU into this kind of federal structure. In the present case study the author shows that the EU crisis has strengthen the differentiated level of integration, stressed the role of Germany in the EU, weaken significantly the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), strengthen the lack of democracy in the EU, contributed to slimming the welfare state and, finally, lowered attractiveness of EU model of integration
Implikacje kryzysu Unii Europejskiej dla dalszego procesu integracji
No full textThe Eurozone crisis, that made its presence felt especially between 2010 and 2011, illustrated that predicating the further European integration has become more difficult than it was a few years ago. Some of its consequences are already visible in a large scale; some will assuredly be noticed in a longer term. The aim of this case study is to indicate, according to the author’s opinion, which are the most important and direct implications of the EU crisis for the further development of the European Union integration. In the first part of the article, the author outlined the most probable results of the presumptive dissolution of Eurozone. In the second part, he demonstrated that the Eurozone crisis would lead to wider integration of the Euroland. Nonetheless, this closer integration will not mean building the United States of Europe, since among the EU societies there is no agreement to transform the EU into this kind of federal structure.
In the present case study the author shows that the EU crisis has strengthen the differentiated level of integration, stressed the role of Germany in the EU, weaken significantly the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), strengthen the lack of democracy in the EU, contributed to slimming the welfare state and, finally, lowered attractiveness of EU model of integration
Podział i zjednoczenie Niemiec jako elementy ładów europejskich po drugiej wojnie światowej
No full textThe aim of the present work is to show division and then the reunificattion of Germany as elements that shaped the European order after the Second World War. The problem was how to describe the place and role of the division, and the subsequent unification, of Germany within the actually existing European order after the Second World War, i.e. the Yalta and Potsdam order, the inchoate post Cold War order, and the postulated orders. Bearing in mind that notion, „international order” is used in two different senses in the politological literature, the Author conducted his analysis on two planes, i.e. that of the really existing state of affairs in international relations (the real order), and that of the desirable level of international coexistence (the postulated order). To achieve this, the work includes, side by side with an analysis of the real European
order, also a presentation of the leading concepts and postulates, formulated in the discussed period in European political thought, and containing certain visions of a new, European order. At the same time, the Author strove to emphasise the role that the postulate of a divided or united Germany played in the analysed conceptions. It has been also shown that there is a high degree of correlation between the proposals,
appearing in particular epochs, of a new European order, and the really existing order.
The main thesis of the article is that the division of Germany was one of the most important elements constituting the Yalta-Potsdam order, while the unification of Germany was one of the main symptoms of
the crumbling of the old order, and, at the same time, an essential elements of the formation of a new European order. An important part of the present work consists in analysing the main factors that favoured and that hampered the functional influence of Germany on the required European order. On the basis on the tendencies
apparent in the early nineteen nineties inside Germany and in international relations, the Author formulates the most probable scenarios of Germany’s influence on the shaping of the post Cold War order in Europe
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