117,470 research outputs found
The origins of health and disease: the influence of maternal diseases and lifestyle during gestation
No full textAccording to the Barker hypothesis, the period of pregnancy and the intrauterine environment are crucial to the tendency to develop diseases like hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, metabolic disorders, pulmonary, renal and mental illnesses. The external environment affects the development of a particular phenotype suitable for an environment with characteristics that closely resemble intrauterine conditions. If the extra-uterine environment differs greatly from the intra-uterine one, the fetus is more prone to develop disease. Subsequent studies have shown that maternal diseases like depression and anxiety, epilepsy, asthma, anemia and metabolic disorders, like diabetes, are able to determine alterations in growth and fetal development. Similarly, the maternal lifestyle, particularly diet, exercise and smoking during pregnancy, have an important role in determining the risk to develop diseases that manifest themselves both during childhood and particularly in adulthood. Finally, there are abundant potential sources of pollutants, both indoor and outdoor, in the environment in which the child lives, which can contribute to an increased probability to the development of several diseases and that in some cases could be easily avoided
Scaling-up of evapotranspiration measurements: The promising role of scintillometry
No full textThe assessment of evapotranspiration (ET) is of primary interest,especially for agricultural and environmental issues. Traditional micrometeorological techniques require homogenous surface and are characterized by limited footprint. Thus, they cannot be applied to assess ET over inhomogeneous and extensive surfaces, typical conditions at the catchment scale and of extensive farming systems. In this context, a suitable technique to measure turbulent fluxes is scintillometry, which can give measurements of sensible heat flux at larger scale, providing averages over heterogeneous surfaces. ET can then be estimated as residual of the energy budget. In this study, we present results from a one-week campaign held during summer 2016 in Southern Italy. We deployed a Large Aperture Scintillometer (LAS) in an extensive vineyard of 140 ha on a path length of 760 m. The site was characterized by gently slope terrain with uniform crop. In order to have reference measurements of local sensible heat flux, we deployed threesonic anemometers along the scintillometer path. The aim of the study was to test the ability of scintillometry to provide a spatially averaged flux, representative of the possibly diverse conditions in an extended footprint upwind to the measurement path. The relationship between sensible heat flux measured by EC and LAS showed to be very good for the EC station in the middle of the path, whereas off-centre areas were less represented
Spatial and temporal variability of soil respiration in relation to environmental conditions in a vineyard of northern Italy
No full textEvaluation of nitrous oxide emissions from vineyard soil : effect of organic fertilisation and tillage
No full textIt is well known that the largest source of N2O is the agricultural sector, where fertilization represents the main source of this GHG. Monitoring N2O fluxes for different soil management and crops type is essential to define better N management practices in agro-ecosystems. However, scarce studies have been published about field measurements of organic fertilizers effects in orchards and vineyards.In this paper we present the first long-term high-resolution study on N2O emissions in a vineyard, in temperate climate. The use of dynamic chambers connected directly to an IRGA, allowed to collect one year (from May 2018 to May 2019) of measurements at time resolution of 2 h. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of organic fertilization (compost) and tillage on N2O emissions. Emission factors of uncorrected (EFt) and corrected for no-fertilizer induced emissions (EFf) were calculated.Results showed a seasonal trend in N2O fluxes, with higher base fluxes and peaks during the warm season and in correspondence of rainy events. Emission peak linked to fertilizer application occurred during the first 6-7 days after treatment followed by a decrease in N2O fluxes. Cumulated annual emissions varies between 0.54 and 1.38 kg N2O-N ha-1 y- 1, depending on treatment and level of soil TOC content. The uncorrected EF was between 0.4 and 0.9% of N input, in line with the IPCC value for organic fertilizers in wet climate, while the EFf (referred only to direct fertilizer application) were in range of 0.02-0.4% of N input. We found EFf of fertilized not tilled treatments from 17 to 79% lower than fertilized tilled, with different magnitude of reduction depending on soil TOC. Our EFt were in line with disaggregated EFs from IPCC 2019 but EFf were 43% lower on average, con-firming the IPCC reference value to be a good estimator of the overall N2O emissions from organic fertilized soil, but too high for the estimation of only fertilizer application emissions.These results are of remarkable importance to direct organic fertilization management and related policies towards more environmentally sustainable approaches
Evoluzione dinamica dell’evapotraspirazione del vigneto in condizioni di elevata aridità
No full textIrrigation management in a Mediterranean vineyard under elevated atmospheric water demand
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Previous thrombosis-free pregnancies are no guarantee that subsequent oral contraception may also remain asymptomatic
No full textMeasuring and modelling soil evaporation in an irrigated olive orchard to improve water management
No full textThe aim of this study was to estimate soil evaporation (Es) in an intensive olive orchard.
Measurements of Es were performed for 19 days using microlysimeters, during summers 2010,
2011 and 2012 in southeast Portugal. In order to relate each area type to radiation transmissivity,
ground cover measurements were performed over the years. These data were used to calibrate and
validate an empirical model for Es estimation. Measured daily average Es was 0.55 0.14 mm; the
model estimated 0.53 0.18 mm for the same days, with a determination coe cient of 0.94. This
corresponds to 9% of the reference evapotranspiration, representing well the overall values estimated
for the summer, except for days after rain. Regarding the wet area, measured Es for the validation
data set was 2.42 L/(m2 of wet area), the estimated was 2.49 L/(m2 of wet area). Measured average Es
in dry area (validation data set) was 0.42 L/(m2 of dry area), estimated Es was 0.43 L/(m2 of dry area).
The large exposed dry area had a significant contribution to evaporation. On average, estimated Es
during a typical Mediterranean summer was 10% of reference evapotranspiration, representing 30%
of transpiration and 23% of evapotranspirationinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Os vivos e os mortos, de W. Rio Apa : visão de mundo e linguagem
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e ExpressãoA presente dissertação analisa a obra Os vivos e os mortos, de W. Rio Apa, procurando relacionar visão de mundo e linguagem, sob a perspectiva da teoria de Bakhtin. Com esse objetivo, levanta a construção do espaço, do tempo, do homem e da natureza, como imagens literariamente construídas segundo uma cosmovisão unitária e centralizadora. Em seguida, analisa os processos de conciliação, operados na linguagem do narrador com a função de evitar o surgimento de pontos de vista ideologicamente constrastantes ou desagregadores da unidade postulada. O capítulo seguinte trata das formas composicionais - léxico, sintaxe e elemento poético - e de sua adequação à visão de mundo da obra. Finalmente, descreve-se o elemento épico como forma arquitetônica da narrativa, revendo-se a estratégica composicional do texto para torná-la convincente em meio à descentralização e à estratificação ideológica do mundo contemporâneo
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